(贵阳专版)2018年中考英语总复习第二部分语法专题突破篇专题12动词的语态

PAGEPAGE1专题十二动词的语态,贵阳中考命题规律及趋势动词语态为贵阳中考单项选择题的必考点，且都与时态相结合，主要表现为初中几种基本时态的被动语态。选项的设置均为一个动词的两种不同时态和不同语态。语境设置在近三年来很少出现明显的时间状语提示，需要分析语境才能判断出选项。另外，在完形填空、阅读理解和作文中，也会涉及到被动语态。,贵阳中考重难点突破被动语态一般现在时→am/is/are＋过去分词一般过去时→was/were＋过去分词一般将来时→shall/willbe＋过去分词过去将来时→should/wouldbe＋过去分词现在进行时→am/is/arebeing＋过去分词过去进行时→was/werebeing＋过去分词现在完成时→has/have＋been＋过去分词过去完成时→had＋been＋过去分词含有情态动词的被动语态→情态动词＋be＋过去分词1．动词语态的分类英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。(1)主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：ManypeoplespeakEnglishthere.那儿很多人说英语。(2)被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动词的对象。如：Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.汉语被很多人说。(Chinese是动词speak的承受者)2．被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词(用done表示)”构成。常见的八种时态的被动结构及情态动词的被动语态如下：时态被动语态结构例句一般现在时am/is/are＋过去分词Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.一般过去时was/were＋过去分词Chinesewasspokenbymanypeople.一般将来时shall/willbe＋过去分词或am/is/aregoingtobe＋过去分词Chinesewillbespokenbymanypeople.或：Chineseisgoingtobespokenbymanypeople.续表时态被动语态结构例句过去将来时should/wouldbe＋过去分词或was/weregoingtobe＋过去分词Chinesewouldbespokenbymanypeople.或：Chinesewasgoingtobespokenbymanypeople.现在进行时am/is/arebeing＋过去分词Chineseisbeingspokenbymanypeople.过去进行时was/werebeing＋过去分词Chinesewasbeingspokenbymanypeople.现在完成时has/have＋been＋过去分词Chinesehasbeenspokenbymanypeople.过去完成时had＋been＋过去分词Chinesehadbeenspokenbymanypeople.含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词＋be＋过去分词Chinesemustbespokenbymanypeople.3.主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)图示(2)口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动(3)变换步骤：①将主动句的宾语变为主语。【注意】如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tomkilledhim．→HewaskilledbyTom.汤姆杀了他。②将动词改为“be＋过去分词”。【注意】be动词与新主语相一致，时态不变。如：Theyheldameetingyesterday.→Ameetingwas__heldbythemyesterday.他们昨天开会了。③将主动语态的主语改为by…放在谓语动词后。【注意】如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。如：Hesangasong.→Asongwassungby__him．他唱了一首歌。4．常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊结构(1)含有双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语)的句子，多把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。如：Jacktoldusthetruth.→WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.杰克告诉了我们真相。(2)主动语态中有些感官动词(如：hear，see，watch，notice等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号to还原。即：hear(see)sb.dosth.→sb.beheard(seen)todosth.如：Weheardthegirlplaythepianointhemusicclassroom.→Thegirlwasheardtoplaythepianointhemusicclassroombyus.我们听见那女孩在音乐教室弹钢琴。(3)主动语态中有些使役动词(如：make，let等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，同样要把不定式符号to还原。即：makesb.dosth.→sb.bemadetodosth.如：Theteachermakeshisstudentsdomuchhomeworkeveryday.→Hisstudentsaremadetodomuchhomeworkbytheteachereveryday.那位老师让他的学生每天做很多家庭作业。(4)短语动词的被动语态把不定式to还原。,考点抢测一、词语运用1．Whichlanguage__has__themostwidely__been__spoken__(speak)intheworld?2．Lastyearalargenumberoftrees__were__cut__(cut)down.3．Thestudents__are__often__told__(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.4．Theoldmanisill.He__must__be__sent__(mustsend)tothehospital.5．Canthemagazine__be__taken__(take)outofthelibrary?二、单项选择(C)1.Everyyear，morethan70，000，000sharks____fortheirfins(鱼翅)．A．werekilledB．havekilledC．arekilled(B)2.WhenIcalledthebusservice，I____thattherewasnomorebus.A．wastellingB．wastoldC．hastold(B)3.Thetask____inanhour.Thenwecan