2022-2023年浙江省金华市大学英语6级大学英语六级测试卷(含答案)

2022-2023年浙江省金华市大学英语6级大学英语六级测试卷(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.Algaeundernormalconditionsinrivers______.

A.consumetheavailablenutrients

B.maketheoxygenbalance

C.forceotherorganismsoutofrivers

D.overgrowanddie

2.

Eachfederalurbansearch-and-rescuetaskforceismadeupofatleast60members.

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3.

IntheUnitedStates,voicesareraisedtoshowfriendlyattitude.

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4.Undergraduatesatdozensofschoolshavegonesofarastovoteforincreasesintheiractivitiesfeestohavemoremoneyfor______.

5.

Accordingtodifferentcultures,negotiationscanbeconductedthroughdirect,face-to-facecommunicationorindirect

6.

Tobuildyouraudience,you'dbettercatchtheopportunitiestobeacquaintedwithpeopleandtrytocatchtheirattentiononyou.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.TheLawofSupplyandDemand

Iftradeistotakeplace,atleasttwoeconomicunitsmustbeinvolved(business,households,tradesmen,etc.):Onemusthavesomethingtosellandtheothermustdesiretheproductoftheseller.Thesetwoeconomicunitsmeetorcommunicatethroughwhatiscalleda"market".Marketscanbephysicalplacessuchasthefarmers'marketinlargecities,thecommoditymarketsinChicago,orthestockexchangesofNewYorkCity.Theycanalsobenothingmorethana"happening"wherebuyerandsellernevermeetbutmaycommunicatehalfwayaroundtheworldbytelephone,radio,etc.Wewillviewamarketasbeingsomecombinationofbuyers(demanders)andsellers(suppliers),whichdealswithadefinablecommodity.Notice,wehavealreadysplittheconceptofmarketintotwosubgroups--demandersandsuppliers.Toseehowmarketsoperate,wewillfirstdeveloptiledemandandsupplyideasseparately;thenwewillcombinethem.

PriceoftheDemandedGoods

Everyoneofyouisfamiliarwiththeconceptofdemand,althoughyoumaynotbeawareofthefact.Toanalyzedemand,wemerelylookatallthethingsthataffectpeople'sdesiresforgoodsandservices.Whataresomeofthesethings?Ifwetalkingabouteconomicgoodsitisimpliedthattogetapieceofgoods,somethingelse(suchasmoneyorsomeothergoods)mustbegivenup.Theamountthatmustbegivenupperunitofthedesiredgoodsisthepriceofthedesiredgoods--$8.00perbookorIshirtperbook.Thusitcanbesaidthatthequantitydemandedofsomegoodsdependspartlyonthepriceofthatgoods.

PricesofSubstituteandComplementaryGoods

Manygoodsareconsumedorusedeitherinsteadoforalongwithsomeothergoods.Inotherwords,theremaybesubstitutesfororcomplementstosomegod&.Examplesofsubstitutesincludebutterandmargarine(人造黄油).automobiletransportationandairlinetransportation,universitytrainingandtechnicalschooltraining.Notice,asubstitutedocsnothavetobethesamegoods,andinfact,substituteimpliesthatitmaynithavetobethesamegoods.Nickelsanddimes,intheproperportions,areperfectsubstitutesinmostcases,buttheyareveryimperfectifonehasonlynickels,thecoffcemachinetakesonlydimes,andnobody'saroundtomakechange.Complementsarefoundinsuchitemsastiresandautomobile,sailsandsailboats,etc.Asyoumayhaveguessed,thepricesoftheserelatedgoodswillundoubtedlyaffectthequantitydemandedofthedesiredgoodsinquestion.MuchasIdislikemargarine(andIcantellthedifference),ifthepriceofbuttergoesmuchhigher(relativetomargarine),Icanassureyou,margarinewillbemuchmoreacceptabletome.Notice,asthepriceofagivengoodsbecomeshigherinrelationtoitssubstitute(orthepriceofsubstitutebecomeslower),thequantitydemandedofthegivengoodswilldecrease.Theconverseistrueforcomplementarygoods.Ifthepriceofautomobilesincreasessubstantiallymydemandforautomobiletireswilldecrease,sinceIwillbebuyingfewerautomobilesonwhichtousethetires.Whiletheexamplemaynotbeveryimportantformeasindividualbuyerofautomobiles,itisveryimportantifonelooksatthetotalmarketincludingallbuyersofautomobilesandautomobiletires.

TheIncomeofPotentialBuyers

Athirditemthatcanaffectthequantitydemandedofgoodsistheincomeofthebuyerorbuyers.Atfirstthought,onewouldthinkthatpeoplewithhighincomeswoulddemandmoregoodsthanthosewithlowincomes.Forsomegoods(economistscallthem"normalorsuperior"goods),thisistrueforexample,thequantitydemandedofRollsRoyceautomobiles.Butforothergoods("inferior"goods)suchasporkandbeans,theoppositeistrue.Forthelattercategory,increasingincomesgivepeoplethechoiceofselectingmoreexpensivefoods,suchas

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

IftheestimatesoftheU.S.EnergyInformationAdministrationaboutoilreserveinthedesertsinwesternIraqaretrue,thedepositofoilinIraqwillamountto______.

9.

Hossinterpretsthecolorsindreamsbyacomputerbasedapproachcalled______.

10.

AccordingtoArthurKrieger,wecanlearnthat______.

A.Hewouldliketoreplacetheoldbatteryfornewone.

B.Hewouldratherbuyanewcarthanreplacebattery.

C.Hewantstousethelatestbattery.

D.Hecomplainsthehighcostofreplacingbattery.

11.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispartyouwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

HowtoRetireEarlier

It'severyworkingstaff'sdream:sayinggoodbyetothedailygrindwhileyoustillhaveyourownteeth.Inourearlyretirementfantasies,we'retravelingtheworld,healthyandintheprimeofourlives,visitingthosehard-to-pronouncecountrieswe'vealwaystalkedaboutandsamplingthefinestlocalfare.

Retirement-relatedProblems

Surveysshowthatmorethanhalfofworkersbetweentheagesof30and50plantoretirebeforethey're60.Butthere'sonlyoneproblemwiththiswishfulthinking:Retiringearlyiseasy,butmakingyourmoneylastishard.

Oneproblemwithsavingupforearlyretirementisthatwetendnottothinkbeyondthosefirstfewgloriousyearsofgoodhealthandfullcheckingaccounts—wedon'tdothelong-termmath.Iftheaveragemalelifeexpectancyis75.2andweretireat55,thenoursavings,andstockmarketinvestmentsneedtolastfor20years.Andwhatifweliveevenlongerthanaverage?

Anddon'tforgetthatlifecangettrickyduringthoselastfiveortenyears.Veryfewfortunatesoulsdriftawayintheirsleepatage88withouteverhavingmajorsurgeries,hospitalizationsorchronic(andex-pensive)conditionstomanage—nottomentiontheever-increasingcostsofmedicalinsuranceandprescriptiondrugs.

Whilewetendtooverestimateourhealth,weunderestimateourpost-retirementfinancialneeds.A2002surveyfoundthatonly17percentofworkersthoughtthey'dneed80percentoftheirsalaryafterretirement.Fortypercentthoughtthey'dbefinewith60percentofcurrentearnings.Thatmightsufficeforafewgoodyears,butthelongeryoulive,thelesschanceyourmoneywilllast.

Furthermore,isn'titpossiblethattravelingtheworldandlivingoutofasuitcasecouldgetprettytedious?Didyoueverthinkthatyoumightbeboredwithoutadayjob?Doyouhaveenoughhobbiesandintereststosustainyoufor20to30yearswithoutbusinesstrips,deadlinesanddailymeetings?

Butdon'tgetdiscouraged.Ifyou'reseriousaboutretiringearlyanddedicatedtomakingitwork,youcanmakeithappen.Allittakesissomeseriousfinancialplanning,astrictbudgetandsomegoodold-fashionedluck.

Sohowdoyoustartplanningforanearlyretirement?Whatarethemostimportantcalculations?Whataresomecommonmistakes?

FinancialPlanning

Thefirststepwhenplanningforanearlyretirementistofigureoutexactlyhowmuchmoneyyouhaverightnow.Thisiscalledyournetworth.Networthiscalculatedbyaddingupallofyourassets(cash,stocks,retirementaccountsandthevalueofyourhome)andsubtractingallofyouroutstandingdebt(mortgage,studentloansandcreditcarddebt).

Whenyouknowhowmuchyouhave,youneedtofigureouthowmuchmoneyyou'llneedwhenyouretire.Thisamountdependsonseveralfactors:whatyouwanttodowhenyouretire,howearlyyouwanttoretireandwhatstandardoflivingyouwanttoenjoywhenretired.

Ifyouwanttokeepupyourcurrentstandardoflivingasaretiree,theruleofthumbisthatyou'llbespendingmonthlyatleast80percentofwhatyou'respendingnow.Thatother20percentyouwon'tbespendingaccountsforwork-relatedexpenses:gasorpublictransportationfaresforyourcommute,drycleaningbills,lunchesandthelike.Butifyouplantotr

A.Becauseoldpeopletendtosleepmorethanaverage.

B.Becauseoldpeople'shealthusuallyfailsduringthattime.

C.Becausethelifeafterretirementcouldbeverylongorveryshort.

D.BecausesomeoldPeoplecannotenduremajorsurgeries.

12.

Oneofthesecretsoftheforeigner'ssuccesscanbedescribedas"DoinRomeasRomansdo".

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

Acidrainhasmadenumerouslakessoacidicthatthey______.

14.

Inthisarticletheauthoruses______tosupportmanyofhisimportantpointsinthenewsstory.

15.

Cheatinghasbecomeeasierforstudentsbecauseof______.

16.

CompelledbyWal-Marttolowertheprice,Lakewoodhadto______,whichcausedmanyworkerstobeunemployed.

17.

Thevillagegrocer'sassistantsaretiredofgivingextraservicewhentheyfeelaboutit.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.AU.S.scientificreportconcludedthatsometrendsofclimatechangewerecausedby______.

19.

WhenMr.TataleadsTata'sbigbusinesstotheworldoutsideIndia,hestill______.

A.conformstothecustom

B.doesgoodworksinIndia

C.refusestopaybribesandtreatsworkerswell

D.providesallworkers'childrenforfreeeducation

20.

ThecombinationwiththeFlyingTigersprovidedFedExExpresswithmoredestinationcountries,afleet,worldwidefacilitiesandTiger'sspecialknowledgein______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(35)

A.Fewareacceptedbystate-foundeduniversities.

B.Scholarshipsarenotenoughforthem.

C.Theymustpaymorethanout-of-statestudents.

D.Theyarenoteligibleforscholarshipsatstateuniversities.

22.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Therewasalittleboyvisitinghisgrandparentsontheirfarm.Hewasgivenaslingshottoplaywith,outinthewoods.Hepracticedinthewoods,buthecouldneverhitthetarget.Gettingdiscouraged,heheadedbacktodinner.Ashewaswalkingback,hesawGrandma'spetduck.Justoutofimpulse,helettheslingshotfly,hittheducksquareintheheadandkilledit.Hewasshockedandgrieved.Inapanic,hehidthedeadduckinthewoodpile,onlytoseehissisterwatching.Sallyhadseenitall,butshesaidnothing.

AfterlunchthatdayGrandmasaid,"Sally,let'swashthedishes."ButSallysaid,"Grandma,Johnnytoldmehewantedtohelpinthekitchentoday,didn'tyou,Johnny?"Andthenshewhisperedtohim,"Remember,theduck?"SoJohnnydidthedishes.

LaterGrandpaaskedifthechildrenwantedtogofishing,andGrandmasaid,"I'msorry,butIneedSallytohelpmemakesupper."ButSallysmiledandsaid,"Well,that'sallrightbecauseJohnnytoldmehewantedtohelp."Andshewhisperedagain,"Remember,theduck?"SallywentfishingandJohnnystayed.

AfterseveraldaysofJohnnydoingbothhischoresandSally's,hefinallycouldn'tstanditanylonger.HecametoGrandmaandconfessedthathekilledtheduck.Shekneltdown,gavehimahug,andsaid,"Sweetheart,Iknow.Yousee,IwasstandingatthewindowandIsawthewholething.ButbecauseIloveyou,Iforgaveyou.But,IwasjustwonderinghowlongyouwouldletSallymakeaslaveofyou."

(27)

A.Hewasashamedandshocked.

B.Hewasshyandgrieved.

C.Hewasdiscouragedandsympathetic.

D.Hewasshockedandgrieved.

23.

【B10】

24.(30)

A.Byprediction.

B.Byrecording.

C.Throughobservation.

D.Throughinterviewing.

25.

【B7】

26.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Agoodmarriagemeansgrowingasacouplebutalsogrowingasindividuals.Thisisn'teasy;marriagehasalwaysbeendifficult.Whythenareweseeingsomanydivorcesatthistime?Yes,ourmodemsocialfabricisthin,andyes,thepermissivenessofsocietyhascreatedunrealisticexpectationsandthrewthefamilyintodisorder.Butdivorceissocommonbecausepeopletodayareunwillingtoexercisetheself-disciplinethatmarriagerequires.Theyexpecteasyjoy,liketheentertainmentonTV,thethrillofagoodparty.

Marriagetakessomekindofsacrifice,notdreadfulself-sacrificeofthesoul,butsomelevelofcompromise.Someofone'sfantasies,someofone'slegitimatedesires,havetobegivenupforthevalueofthemarriageitself."Whileallmartialpartnersfeelshackedattimes,itistheywhoreallychoosetomakethemartialtiesintoconfiningchainsorsupportingbonds,"saysDr.Walter.Marriagerequiressexual,financialandemotionaldisciple.Amanandawomancannotfolloweveryimpulse,cannotallowthemtostopgrowingorchanging.

(27)

A.Becauseitisdifficulttomaintainamarriage.

B.BecausepeoplelikewatchingTVprograms.

C.Becausepeoplepreferfreedomtoself-discipline.

D.Becauseoursocietyispermissivetowardsdivorces.

27.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

听力原文：TheLibraryofCongressisAmerica'Snationallibrary.Ithasmillionsofbooksandotherobjects.Ithasnewspapers,(36)popularpublicationsaswellaslettersof(37)historicalinterest.Italsohasmaps,photographs,art(38)prints,movies,soundrecordingsandmusical(39)instruments.Alltogether,ithasmorethan100millionobjects.

TheLibraryofCongressisopentothepublicMondaythroughSaturday,exceptforpublicholidays.Anyonemaygothereandreadanythinginthecollection.Butnooneis(40)permittedtotakebooksoutofthebuilding.

TheLibraryofCongresswas(41)establishedin1800.ItstartedwithelevenboxesofbooksinoneroomoftheCapitolBuilding.By1814,thecollectionhadincreasedtoabout3,000books.Theywereall(42)destroyedthatyearwhentheCapitolwasburneddownduringAmerica'swarwithBritain.

Tohelpre-buildthelibrary,CongressboughtthebooksofPresidentThomasJefferson.Mr.Jefferson's(43)collectionincluded7,000booksinsevenlanguages.

(44)In1897,thelibrarymovedintoitsownbuildingacrossthestreetfromtheCapitol.Todaythreebuildingsholdthelibrary'scollection.

(45)ThelibraryprovidesbooksandmaterialstotheU.S.CongressandalsolendsbookstootherAmericanlibrariesgovernmentagencies,andforeignlibraries.Itbuyssomeofitsbooksandgetsothersasgifts.Italsogetsmaterialsthroughitscopyrightoffice.(46)AnyonewhowantscopyrightprotectionforapublicationintheUnitedStatesmustsendtwocopiestothelibrary.ThismeanstheLibraryofCongressreceivesalmosteverythingthatispublishedintheUnitedStates.

TheLibraryofCongressisAmerica'snationallibrary.Ithasmillionsofbooksandotherobjects.Ithasnewspapers,【B1】______publicationsaswellaslettersof【B2】______interest.Italsohasmaps,photographs,art【B3】______movies,soundrecordingsandmusical【B4】______Alltogether,ithasmorethan100millionobjects.

TheLibraryofCongressisopentothepublicMondaythroughSaturday,exceptforpublicholidays.Anyonemaygothereandreadanythinginthecollection.Butnooneis【B5】______totakebooksoutofthebuilding.

TheLibraryofCongresswas【B6】______in1800.ItstartedwithelevenboxesofbooksinoneroomoftheCapitolBuilding.By1g14,thecollectionhadincreasedtoabout3,000books.Theywereall【B7】______thatyearwhentheCapitolwasburneddownduringAmerica'swarwithBritain.

Tohelpre-buildthelibrary,CongressboughtthebooksofPresidentThomasJefferson.Mr.Jefferson's【B8】______included7,000booksinsevenlanguages.【B9】________________________Today,threebuildingsholdthelibrary'scollection.

【B10】______________________Itbuyssomeofitsbooksandgetsothersasgifts.Italsogetsmaterialsthroughitscopyrightoffice.【B11】__________________________ThismeanstheLibraryofCongressreceivesalmosteverythingthatispublishedintheUnitedStates.

【B1】

28.(13)

A.Fiftystudents.

B.Fortystudents.

C.Twenty-fivestudents.

D.Fifteenstudents.

29.(32)

A.Ratflea.B.Catflea.C.Dogflea.D.Rabbitflea.

30.听力原文：W:ProfessorWilson,canyousparemeafewminutes?

M:That'sOK.Actually,I'monmywaytoanappointmentwithstudents,sopleasemakethisquick.

W:MynameisMariaTaylor,andI'minyourPsychologyclassat2:00.

M:Oh,yes.Irecallnow.Youalwaysaskgoodquestionsaboutthelectures.WhatcanIdoforyounow?

W:YousayinyourlecturelastweekthatIQchangeslittlefromchildhood,buttheskillsofemotionalintelligencecanbelearnedatanyage.

M:Right,it'snoteasy,however.Youknow,growingyouremotionalintelligencetakespracticeandcommitmentandimprovingyouremotionalintelligencetakestime,say,severalmonths.

W:Whydoyousayimprovinganemotionalintelligencetakesmonthsratherthandays?

M:Well,youknow,theemotionalcentersofthebrainareinvolved.

W:Theemotionalcentersofthebrain?

M:Yes.Thethinkingbrainlearnstechnicalskillsandpurelycognitiveabilities.Itgainsknowledgeveryquickly,buttheemotionalbraindoesnot.

W:Why?

M:Becausetomasteranewbehavior,theemotionalcentersneedrepetitionandpractice.

W:Soittakestime.

M:Yes.Improvingyouremotionalintelligence,then,issimilartochangingyourhabits.Youhavetochangeyouroldhabitsandreplacethemwiththenewones.

W:Oh,Isee.AndanotherquestionIwanttoaskyouis.canwesayemotionalintelligenceistheoppositeofIQ?

M:No.Youknowsomepeopleareblessedwithalotofbothwhilesomewithlittleofeither.Whatwearedoingnowistryingtofindouthowtheycomplementeachother.

(23)

A.Ascientistandhisassistant.

B.Aphysicianandanurse.

C.Apsychologistandanewsreporter.

D.Aprofessorandhisstudent.

31.(44)

32.听力原文：W：Iwasinthegasstationat1：00．HowdidImissyou?

M：Igotthereatquarterpast12:00andwaitedawhile．ButIguessIleftbeforeyougotthere．

Q：Whendidthemanprobablyleavethegasstation?

(13)

A.At1:00.B.After1:15.C.After12:15.D.Before12:00.

33.(21)

A.Heisgoingforapart-timejob.

B.Heisgoingforameeting.

C.Heisgoingformeetingthewoman'ssecretary.

D.Heisgoingforaninterview.

34.【B8】

35.(15)

A.Herbackhurtduringthemeeting.

B.Hissupportdoesnotmeananythingnow.

C.Sheagreedthatitwasaverygoodmeeting.

D.Theproposalshouldbesentbacktothemeeting.

36.

【B6】

37.(26)

A.Peopleusuallyhavesimilarwaystolearnlanguages.

B.Knowingaboutone'sownlearningstyle.isimportant.

C.Dr.Adams'learningstyle.isvisual.

D.Dr.Adams'learningstyle.isauditory.

38.听力原文：M:Hello.Ineedtotalkwithsomeoneaboutmydriver'slicense.

W:Yes.HowmayIhelpyon?Doyouhaveadriver'sIicerise,ordoyouneedtogetone?

M:Well,I'mnotsure.Yousee,Ihaveaninternationaldriver'slicense.

W:Uhuh.AndhowlongwillyoubestayingintheUnitedStates?

M:Probablyfouryears,until1finishmydegree.

W:Oh.ThenyouwillneedtogetinArizonadriver'slicense.

M:DoIhavetotakeadriver'stestto.dothat?

W:Yes,youdo.Youneedtocomeinandtakeawrittenexamandaneyeexam,andthenyouneedtotakearoadtestwithaparallelparkingtest.Didyousaythatyouareastudent?

M:Yes,I'mastudentattheuniversity.Idon'thaveIDwithme,butIcangoandgetit.

W:Okay.Thenyoucanapplyforalimitedlicense.JustcomebackandshowyourstudentID,andyoucan

makeapplicationforafive-yearlicense.

M:Great.That'swhatIwant.SoIdon'thavetotakethedriver'stestthen.

W:Oh,yesyoudo.Thelicenseonlycostsyoutendollars.Aregularlicensewouldcostyoualotmorethanthat,butitisvalidformorethanfiveyears.

M:Whycan'tIjustusemyinternationaldriver'slicense?

W:Youcouldifyouwerejustvisitingforlessthanayear.Butasastudent,youwillbetemporarilyresidinginourstate.

M:Okay.Sothat'swhymyfriendcadusehisinternationallicense,heisatourist.

W:Right.

(23)

A.Themanwantstoobtainaninternationaldriver'slicensethathecanusebothintheU.S.andinhiscountry.

B.Themanwantstotakeadriver'stesttogetanArizonadriver'slicense.

C.Themanwantstoknowwhetherhecanusehisinternationaldriver'slicenseinArizona.

D.ThemanwantstofilloutanapplicationforanArizonadriver'slicense.

39.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：M:Whenistheassignmentdue?Andwhattypeofreportdoyouwant?

W:Itisdueonthetwentieth.Iexpectafullresearchproject,approximately25pagesinlengthandtyped.

Q:Whoarethetwopeople?

(12)

A.Alawyerandherclient.

B.Aprofessorandastudent.

C.Abossandheremployee.

D.Aneditorandanauthor.

40.

【B3】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

It'swellthatyoungmenshouldbeginatthebeginningandoccupythemostsubordinatepositions.ManyoftheleadingbusinessmenofPittsburghhadaseriousresponsibilitythrustuponthemattheverythresholdoftheircareer.Theywereintroducedtothebroom,andspentthefirsthoursoftheirbusinesslivessweepingouttheoffice.Inoticewehavejanitorsandjanitressesinoffices,andouryoungmenunfortunatelymissthatsalutarybranchofabusinesseducation.Butifbychancetheprofessionalsweeperisabsentanymorningtheboywhohasthegeniusofthefuturepartnerwillnothesitatetotryhishandatthebroom.

Assumingthatyou'veallobtainedemploymentandarefairlystarted,myadvicetoyouis"aimhigh".Iwouldnotgiveafigfortheyoungmanwhodoesnotalreadyseehimselfthepartnerortheheadofanimportantfirm.Donotrestcontentforamomentinyourthoughtsasheadclerk,orforeman,orgeneralmanagerinanyconcern,nomatterhowextensive.Saytoyourself,"Myplaceisatthetop.'Bekinginyourdreams.

Andhereistheprimeconditionofsuccess,thegreatsecret:concentrateyourenergy,thought,andcapitalexclusivelyuponthebusinessinwhichyouareengaged.Havingbeguninoneline,resolvetofightitoutonthatline,toleadinit,adopteveryimprovement,havethebestmachinery,andknowthemostaboutit.Theconcernswhichfailarethosewhichhavescatteredtheircapital,whichmeansthattheyhavescatteredtheirbrainsalso.Itiseasytowatchandcarryonebasket.Itistryingtocarrytoomanybasketsthatbreakmosteggsinthiscountry.Hewhocarriesthreebasketsmustputoneonhishead,whichisapttotriphimup.OnefaultoftheAmericanbusinessmanislackofconcentration.

Aimforthehighest,neverenterabarroom;donottouchliquor,orifatallonlyatmeals;neverspeculate;neverindorsebeyondyoursurpluscashfund;makethefirm'sinterestyours;breakordersalwaystosaveowners;concentrate;putallyoureggsinjustonebasket,andwatchthatbasket;expenditurealwayswithinrevenuerlastlybenotimpatient,forasEmersonsays,"Noonecancheatyououtofultimatesuccessbutyourselves."

What'sthepurposeofcitingtheexamplesofPittsburghinthefirstparagraph?

42.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

TheObesityisanationalhealthcrisis,onethat—quiteliterally—weighsonusall.Itcostslives.Itcostsdollars.Andinthecontextofourcurrenthealth-reform.debateinWashington,it'stimewetookaction,asanationandasindividuals,toaddressthiscost.

Whileinfectiousdiseasewasadisasterrecentlyasourgrandparents'generation,chronicdiseaseiskillingusandharmingourwell-being—andobesityistherootcause.Thegrowthinobesityisstronglylinkedtoheartdisease,hypertension,andtheexplosionofdiabetesthatourcountryiscurrentlyexperiencing.Theseandotherchronicdiseasesaccountfor7outofevery10deathseachyearandaretheleadingcauseofdeathanddisabilityintheU.S.Theyarealsoresponsibleformorethan75percentofthenation'shealth-carespending.

Yearafteryear,moreAmericanshavebecomeobeseoroverweight,nowrepresentingonethirdofthepopulation.Oneinfive4-year-oldsareobese,contributingtothefactthatforthefirsttimeever,childrenmayhaveashorterlifespanthantheirparents.Buttheobesitycrisisisn'tsimplyahealthcrisis;itisalsoaneconomiccrisis—and