外研版英语八下M9导学知识点单词,短语

目的是___避免___勇敢地__接口_____想法______独自，自己____出现，发生_____重写_______打赌______军队_______加拿大_______加拿大人/加拿大的医学的______治疗v.______治疗n._____医生，博士______献身于______前线______受伤的_____战争_第一次世界大战__发明，创造_____工具，用具，设备_地方的，当地的___动手术v.____手术n.______尽管……______最后________照顾________Notbadfor+sth………不错begoodat…=dowellin…擅长做某事onone’sown独自，自己apieceofmusic一首乐曲comeup出现Itisbraveofher.她是勇敢的。avoidsth./doingsth.避免某事/做某事lookforwardtosth/doingsth.期望做某事imaginedoingsth.想象做某事stopsbdoingsth阻止/防止某人做某事make/findanexcuse找借口haveproblemswithsb与某人有矛盾，有麻烦befamousas（身份、职业）作为……而出名comeupwith想出，想起What’swrongwithsb?……怎么了？Whathappenedtosb.?某人发生什么事了？giveone’slifetosb/sth/doingsth.献身于=devoteoneselftoprotectingtheenvironmentFirstWorldWar第一次世界大战sothat+目的为了……because+原因so（。。。形容词、副词原形）that+结果如此。。。以至于。。。gotothefront上前线withoutdoingsth.没有做某事sb.perform\dooperationsonsb.做手术sb.haveanoperation病人做手术withoutdoingsth.没有做某事continuedoingsth.=goondoingsth.继续做某事continue+adj.theweathercontinuedfine.inspiteofsth.\doingsth.尽管Iwentshoppinginspiteoftheraintakegoodcareof=lookafterwell照顾好both...and...两者都……/既……又……stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止正在做的事operateonsb.=performanoperationonsb=dooperationonsb给某人做手术makehimahero使他成为英雄makesbdo使某人做makesbadj使某人怎么样allone’slife一生，终身inordertodo为了……（目的）trainsb.todosth.训练某人去做某事treatsb.as把某人当作……看待returentosw…=gobacktosw…回到某地一词性转换1.rewrite-rewrote-rewrittenv.重写前缀re-表“又再”rebuild-rebuilt-rebuiltv.重建replayv.重放2.Canadan.加拿大Canadiann.加拿大人adj.加拿大人Canada—Canadian-Canadians加拿大America美国——American-Americans美国人Russia俄罗斯——Russian-Russians俄罗斯人Germany德国——German-Germans德国人以-an结尾的某国人变复数时要加-s。Englishman-Englishmen复合名词跟上述区别。3.medicaladj.医学的—medicinen.医药学studymedicine/takemedicine吃药medicaltools4.treatv.治疗——treatmentn.治疗givetreatmenttosb给某人提供治疗5.inventv.发明——inventorn.发明家inventionn.发明ThomasEdisoninventedmanythingsinhislife.hewasoneofthegreatestinventorsintheworld.Andheownedmorethan1000inventions.动词+or表“…者”visitor参观者collector收集者actor男演员sailor海员operator动手术的人invite动邀请invitation名请柬Thankyouforinvitingme/Thankyouforsendingmetheinvitation6.operatev.动手术operateonsb给某人动手术operationn.C手术anoperation一个手术二词组1.sothat目的是——引导目的状语从句。sothat从句中一般含有情态动词cancouldwillwouldmaymight等2.onone’sownbyoneselfalone独自自己own前用形容词性的物主代词。owner拥有者主人ontheirown=bythemselvesalone他们自己独自3.comeup事情或时间即将发生到来出现发生——happencomeout出版发表出来Thelastpieceiscomingup.最后一首要开始了。Itcameoutasabookin2003.它成书出版于2003年.5.FirstWorldWar第一次世界大战theFirstWorldWarWWⅠ第一次世界大战theSecondWorldWarWWⅡ第二次世界大战intheFirstWorldWar在第一次世界大战中6.inspiteof尽管…inspiteofsth/doingsth虽然、尽管某事/做某事三个虽然连词althoughthough+从句介词短语inspiteofsth/doingsth四个但是heend最后intheend=atlast=finally最后终于attheendof在…末尾在…末端在…结束时。既指时间亦指空间。bytheendof“到年、月、学期末为止”只指时间不指空间通常与一般将来时或过去完成时连用。Iwilllearn3000wordsbytheendofthisterm.8.takecareof照料照顾takecareof=lookafter=carefor照料照顾takegoodcareofsb/sth=lookafter…well好好照料好好照顾三动词1.avoiddoing避免做某事动词后面只跟动名词:enjoy喜欢practise/practice练习keep坚持finish完成物+need需要imagine想象suggest建议avoid避免mind介意excuse原谅2.excusen.C借口anexcuse一个借口v.原谅excusedoingsth原谅做某事makeanexcuse/excusesfor为…找借口makeexcusestodosth找借口做某事四名词1.thoughtn.C想法athoughtofsth/doingsth一个…的想法think-thought-thoughtv.想认为2.armyn.军队——armies复数pl.jointhearmy参军3.Drdoctor医生博士4.frontn.前线前面infrontof在…前面在外部inthefrontof在...的前面在内部atthefront在前线5.warn.C战争inthewar在战争中6.tooln.C工具用具设备五形容词、副词1.braveadj.勇敢的Howbravetheboyis=Whatabraveboyheis多么勇敢的一个男孩2.injuredadj.受伤的3.localadj.地方的当地的localschools/hospitals当地的学校/医院Unit1短语1.twoheroes两个英雄2.missthefinalpractice错过最后的练习①missv.错过未赶上v.想念misstheearlybus错过早班车misssb想念某人②finaladj.最后的——finallyadv.最后地③practisev.练习practicev.n.U练习practise/practicedoingsth练习做某事3.notbadforsb/sth对…来说不错4.aschoolorchestra学校乐队5.begoodatsth/doingsth擅长某事/做某事反义bepoorin在…差begoodatdancing擅长跳舞dowellinsth/doingsth擅长反义dobadlyinbegoodforsth/doingsth对…有好处、益处bebadforsth/doingsth对…有坏处begoodtosb=befriendlytosb对…友好6.thelastpiece最后的一首曲子8.lookforwardtosb/sth/doingsth期盼、期待某人/某事/做某事9.dancemusic舞曲playthispiece演奏这支曲子playthemusiconherown她独自演奏这首音乐10.onone’sown=byoneselfalone独自地单独地own前用形容词性的物主代词。onmyown=bymyselfalone我自己11.onlyanexcuse只是一个借口makeanexcuse/excusesfor为…找借口makeexcusestodosth找借口做某事14.trytodosth努力做某事tryone’sbesttodosth尽最大努力做某事trydoingsth尝试做某事15.Iagree.我同意。agreetodosth同意做某事agreewithsb同意某人的意见agreewithwhatsbsaid同意某人说的话agreetosth答应/允诺某事16.averykindthought一个很好的/善解人意的想法17.Bequiet.安静点。18.asksbtodosth要求/请求某人做某事asktheirteachertorewrite请他们的老师重写rewritethefinaldancemusic重写最后的舞曲20.realhero真正的英雄realadj.真正的——reallyadv.真正地确实21.thanbefore比以前知识点1.hero——复数heroes黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿Negroheropotatotomatoe.gphotopianokilosolosradiozookangaroo+s2.Howdoyoufeelaboutsb/sth/doingsth关于某事/做某事你觉得怎么样3.Whatdoyouthinkofsb/sth/doingsth=Howdoyoulikesb/sth/doingsth你认为某人/某物怎么样thinkof对…有何看法考虑/关心记得/想起4.Notbadforaschoolorchestra学校的管弦乐队真不错notbadfor对…来说挺不错的6.IimaginethatshediditsothatKyliecouldavoidproblemswithherparents.我猜想她做这事目的是凯莉能避免和她的父母争执。①Iimaginethat…Iguessthat…我猜想imaginedoingsth想象做某事②avoidsth/doingsth避免某事/做某事avoidproblems避免问题avoidproblemswithherparents避免和她父母的问题7.Itwasverybraveofher.她真勇敢.Shewasverybravetodosth.It’s形容词ofsbtodosth.=sbis形容词todosth.做某事某人是…的。形容词kind/nice/brave/polite/foolish/impolite等指某人的品质。It’skindofyoutohelpme.帮助我你真好。It’s形容词forsbtodosth.对某人来说做某事是…的不能写成sbis形容词形式。这类形容词有importantdifficultuseful等这类形容词不能修饰人。It’sdifficultformetolearnEnglish.8.Theyarestandingupbecausethey’rebothgoingtoplay.她们正站起来因为她们都要演奏。bothall等副词在句中的位置:在be动词/助动词/情态动词之后,行为动词之前。Theyarebothgoingtoplay.Theybothwenttothecinemalastnight.9.Whathappened发生了什么事同义词组happen—takeplacehappentodosth碰巧/偶然做某事sthhappentosb某人发生某事10.TheirteacheraskedKyliewhatwasreallywrongwithSally.他们的老师问凯莉萨利真的怎么了。特殊疑问词what引导的宾语从句What’swrongwithsbWhat’sthematterwithsb某人怎么了句子本身就是陈述语序在宾语从句中语序不变。11.IbetSallywinsbecauseshe’stherealherotonight.我相信萨利赢因为她是今晚真正的英雄。⑴Ibetthat...I’msurethat…我敢肯定我相信bet-bet-betv.打赌⑵Youbet.Certainly/Ofcourse.的确当然⑶win比赛/奖品/物,beat人⑷realhero真正的英雄Unit2短语1.have/has/hadtodo不得不必须don’t/doesn’t/didn’thavetodoneedn’t不必要2.oneofChina’smostfamousheroes中国最著名的英雄之一oneof的用法⑴oneof复数名词“……之一”⑵oneofthe形容词最高级复数名词形容词的最高级前有形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格时不需要再加定冠词the⑶“oneof复数名词”作主语时用作单数即oneof复数名词单数动词Oneofusplaysthesolo.我们中的一个人独奏。5.bebornin年/月/地点出生于某年/月/地点bebornon日期出生于某日6.becomeadoctor成为一个医生becomev.变得成为become+形容词是系表结构“变得”become+名词“成为”7.gotothefront上前线9.injuredsoldiers受伤的士兵11.seesbdosth看见某人做了某事seesbdoingsth看见某人在做某事seemanysoldiersdie看见许多士兵死去15.outsidehospitals在医院外insidehospitals在医院里面16.inthemountains在山里17.open/starthospitals创办医院18.givetreatmenttosb给某人治疗givetreatmenttothem给他们治疗19.localpeopleandsoldiers当地的人们和士兵20.traindoctorsandnurses培训医生和护士trainsbtodosth训练某人做某事21.writebooks写书22.learnaboutsth/doingsth听说/得知/获悉/学习某事/做某事23.newtreatments新的治疗方法24.havearestrestv.休息25.withoutstoppingtorest不停下来去休息一下26.once一次从前27.performoperationsoperateonsb给某人做手术operatev.—operationn.手术可数名词28.continuedoingsth.继续/不停歇地做同一件事continuetodosth继续做另一件事continueworking继续工作30.duringanoperation在一次手术中29.inspiteofsth/doingsth尽管某事/做某事inspiteofcuttinghishand尽管割破了手32.makehimahero使他成为英雄makesbdosth使得某人做某事不加tomakesb/sth形容词使某人/某事怎么样makehimfamous使他出名makesb/sth名词使某人成为…makehimahero使他成为英雄33.berememberedfor因…被纪念/缅怀34.both…and…两者都…谓语动词用复数notonly…butalso…不仅…而且…就近原则neither…nor…既不…也不…就近原则either…or…或者…或者…就近原则therebe句型某地有…就近原则Bothheandshelikeswimming.他和她都喜欢游泳。Notonlyhebutalsoshelikesswimming.Neitherhenorshelikesswimming.他和她都不喜欢游泳。知识点1.Therewerefewdoctorssohehadtoworkveryhard.那里医生很少几乎没有医生所以他不得不努力工作。⑴否定词12个notnonobodynoonenothingnowherenoneneverhardlyseldom很少fewlittlefewafewlittlealittle的异同①few复数名词否定fewpeople几乎没有人fewdoctors几乎没有医生②afew复数名词肯定afewpeople=severalpeoplea=coupleofpeople几个人③little不可数名词否定littlewater几乎没有水④alittle不可数名词肯定alittlewater一点儿水⑵have/has/hadtodo不得不必须用法客观上必须强调在客观情况下主语不得不做某事有各种人称和时态的变化。否定don’t/doesn’t/didn’thavetodo同needn’t不必没必要⑶must必须用法主观上必须强调的是说话人的主观意愿没有人称和时态的变化。否定mustn’t意为“禁止不准”回答must的提问肯定回答用must否定回答用needn’t或don’thaveto不必要而不用mustn’t不准禁止—MustIcleantheclassroom—Yesyoumu