2023届上海市高考英语模拟试卷笔试部分（iRead23010）含详解

2022-2023学年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试

上海英语模拟试卷

I.Listeningcomprehension

略

II.GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.For

theblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useoneword

thatbestfitseachblank.

Catsareactuallysurprisinglybadatcatchingrats

Ifyouareannoyedbyrats,thinktwiceaboutgettingacat.Acatmightleadtotheappearanceofarat-freehome,butit

turnsoutthattheratsarestillthere.Theyarejustkeepingalowprofile.

“Catsarenotthenaturalenemyofrats,“saysMichaelParsonsofFordhamUniversity,NewYork.t4Theyprefersmaller

prey.”

Histeam](study)aratcolonyatarecyclingplantinNewYorkinthepastfewyears.Whencatsmovedinto

theplantlastyear,theresearchersweredisappointed,butdecidedtosetupcameras2(monitor)thearea.

Overfivemonths,theysawjustthreeattemptsbycatstocatchrats,onlytwoof3succeeded.

Catshavegoodreasonstobecautious.Thecommonrathaslargeteeththatcangiveapainfulbiteandcarrylotsof

diseases.Theyalso4(weigh)340gramsonaverage一comparedwith25gramsforamouse.

Parsonsthinksthatonlystarvingcatswillattempttocatchrats,5theratsaresickorinjured.Thetworats

6(kill)duringtheteam'sstudymayhavebeenweakenedbyeatingpoisonedfood,hesays.

However,catsdohaveabiginfluenceonratbehaviour.44Ratsoverestimatetheriskcausedbycats,“saysParsons.His

teamfoundthatwhencatsareinthearea,ratsspendmuchmoretimein7(hide)andmovearoundcautiously.That

meanstheyaremuchlesslikelytobeseenbypeople,whichcouldexplain8mostpeoplewronglythinkcatsare

goodatkillingrats.

Somecatownersmay9(convince)theirpetsareexcellentratters.ButParsonshasfoundthatmanypeople

mistakemice10rats.Thatsaid,itispossiblethereareafewexceptionalcatsthatdotakeonhealthy,adultrats,he

says.

SectionB

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethat

thereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.contributorsB.describingC.distinctD.favoritesE.invitationsF.limits

G.nameH.pleasurableLrecallJ.unexploredK.useful

Theuniquejoyoflearningnewwords

Withallthat'shappeninginthenews,lifecanfeellikeanexerciseindeterminingtheparticularkindofbadweare

experiencing.Areweanxiousordepressed?Lonelyorstressed?

TimLomas,aseniorlecturerinpositivepsychologyattheUniversityofEastLondon,isengagedintheoppositeeffort:

analyzingallthetypesofwell-beingthathecanfind.Specifically,Lomasisseekingtouncoverpsychologicalinsightsby

collectinguntranslatablewordsthatdescribe11feelingswedon'thavetermsfbrinEnglish."It'salmostlikeeach

oneisawindowontoanewlandscape,Lomassays.Sofar,withthehelpofmany12hehascollectednearly

1,000inwhathecallsa''positivelexicography(词典学)

Peoplearefascinatedwithuntranslatablewordsinpartbecausetheyare13:Howelsecouldwetalktoeach

otherabouttheguiltypleasureofschadenfreude?ButLomasalsoseesthemasameansofshowingus“newpossibilitiesfbr

waysofliving,describingthemas14forpeopletoexperiencehappyphenomenathatmaypreviouslyhavebeen

“hiddenfromthem“ortotakedelightinfeelingstheycouldn'tpreviously15.ConsidertheJapaneseohanami,a

wordforgatheringwithotherstoappreciatelowers.

Linguists(语言学家)havelongarguedabouthowmuchthelanguagewespeak-partlydeterminedbyfactorslike

geographyandclimate—16thethoughtswearecapableofhavingortheactionswecantake."Theworldsin

whichdifferentsocietiesliveare17worldsnotmerelythesameworldwithdifferentlabelsattached,,,wrotethe

theoristEdwardSapir.

StudyingthewordsinLomas'collection,attheleast,isameansofreflectingonwaysthatwecanfeelgood.When

askedfbroneofhis18,thepsychologistliststheGermanFemweh,whichdescribesalongingtotraveltodistant

lands,akindofhomesicknessfbrthe19.AlsodelightfulistheDanishmorgenfrisk,20the

satisfactiononegetsfromagoodnighfssleep,andtheLatinotium,highlightingthejoyofbeingincontrolofone'sown

time.

ILLReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C

andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Mostformsofconventionaladvertising-print,radioandbroadcasttelevision-havebeenlosinggroundtoonline

adsforyears;onlybillboards,datingbacktothe1800s,andTVadsareholdingtheirown.Suchout-of-homeadvertising,as

itisknown,isexpectedto21by3.4%in2022,anddigitalout-of-home(DOOH)advertising,whichincludesthe

LCDscreensfoundinairportsandshoppingmalls,by16%.Suchadsdrawviewers5attentionfromphonesandcannotbe

skippedor22、unlikeadsonline.

Billboardownersarealso23thelocationdatathatarepouringoffpeople'ssmartphones.Informationabout

theirowners5locationsandonlinebrowsinggetscollectedandsoldtomediaowners.Theythenusethesedatatoworkout

whendifferentgroups—“businesstravellers'',say—walkbytheirads.That24isaddedtoinsightsintotraffic,

weatherandotherexternaldatatoproducehighlyrelevantads.DOOH25candeliveradsforcoffeewhenitis

coldandiceddrinkswhenitiswarm.

Such26worksparticularlywellwhenitisaccompaniedby“programmatic“advertisingmethods,atermthat

describestheuseofdatatoautomateandimproveads.InthepastyearbillboardownerssuchasClearChanneland

jcDecauxhave27programmaticplatformswhichallowbrandsandmediabuyerstoselect,purchaseandplaceads

inminutes,ratherthandaysorweeks.Itissaidthatoutdooradswillincreasinglybeboughtlikeonlineones,basedon

audienceandviewsaswellas28

Thatispossiblebecausebillboardownersclaimtobeableto29howwelltheiradsareworkingeven

thoughno“click-through"ratesareinvolved.Datafirmscantelladvertisershowmanypeoplewalkpastindividual

advertisementsatparticulartimesoftheday.Advertiserscanestimatehowmanyindividuals30toanadfbra

handbagthengoontovisitanearbyshop(orwebsite)andbuytheproduct.Suchmetricsmakeoutdoorads

more31-driven,automatedandmeasurable,arguesMichaelProvenzano,co-founderofVistarMedia,anad-tech

firminNewYork.

However,theoutdoor-adrevolutionisnot32-free.Thecollectionofmobile-phonedataraisesprivacy

concerns.And33oftheonline-adbusinessforbeingvague,andoccasionallydishonest,mayalsobetargetedat

theOOHbusinessasitbecomesbiggerandmorecomplex.Theindustryisreadyto34suchconcerns,saysJean-

ChristopheConti,chiefexecutiveofVIOOH,amedia-buyingplatform.Oneofthe35offollowingtheoniine-ad

pioneers,henotes,islearningfromtheirmistakes.

21.A.shrinkB.growC.disappearD.emerge

22.A.obtainedB.blockedC.separatedD.arranged

23.A.makingprogressinB.gettingengagedinC.becomingpartofD.takingadvantageof

24.A.valueB.recordC.knowledgeD.feeling

25.A.opponentsB.providersC.learnersD.instructors

26.A.addingB.collectingC.targetingD.producing

27.A.changedB.forbiddenC.clearedD.launched

28.A.marketingB.evolutionC.locationD.branding

29.A.measureB.wonderC.noticeD.forget

30.A.devotedB.opposedC.relatedD.exposed

31.A.conceptB.dataC.customerD.research

32.A.stressB.conflictC.injuryD.problem

33A.aspectsB.demandsC.criticismsD.details

34.A.addressB.shareC.reflectD.emphasize

35.A.benefitsB.difficultiesC.challengesD.conditions

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheone

thatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

(A)

KimHyoJin,ashyjuniorhighschoolstudent,stoodbeforeherAmericanteacher.Thesmilingteacherheldupagreen

pepperandaskedinclearEnglish:"Whatisthis?”

“Pecmang!”answeredtheSouthKoreanteenager,whothencoveredhermouthwithahandasiftostop—toolate一

theKoreanwordthathadlefthermouth.

Embarrassed,shetriedagain.Withoutlookingtheteacherintheeye,sheheldbothherhandsoutandasked,thistime

inEnglish:"MayIhavegreenpepper?”

Kimtookthevegetablewithabow,andranbacktoherclassmates,feelingrelievedthatshehadsuccessfullytakena

smallfirststeptowardovercomingwhatSouthKoreansconsideroneoftheirbiggestweaknessesinglobalcompetitiveness:

thefearofspeakinginEnglishtowesterners.

Kimwasamong300juniorhighschoolstudentsgoingthroughaweeklongtraininginthisnew“EnglishVillage."The

complexlookslikeamini-towntransplantedfromaEuropeancountrytothisSouthKoreancountryside.Ithasitsown

immigrationoffice,cityhall,bookstore,cafeteria,gym,amainstreetwithWesternstorefronts,policeofficersandalive-in

populationof160nativeEnglishspeakers.AllsignsareinEnglish,theonlylanguageallowed.

Here,onasix-daycoursethatchargeseachstudent80,000won,or$82,pupilscheckintoahotel,shop,takecooking

lessonsandmakemusicvideos—allinEnglish.Therearelanguagepolicemenaround,punishingstudentsspeaking

Koreanwithafineinthevillagecurrencyorreddotsontheirvillagepassports.

SouthKoreahasbecomeoneofthemostaggressivecountriesinAsiaatteachingEnglishtoitscitizens.Outsidethe

schoolsystem,parentsarepayinganestimated10trillionwonayeartohelptheirchildrenlearnEnglishathomeorabroad.

Nevertheless,manycollegegraduatesareafraidofchattingwithnativespeakers.That,linguistssay,isaresultofanational

schoolsystemthattraditionallystressesreadingandmemorizationofEnglishgrammarandvocabularyattheexpenseof

conversation.

InKoreaUniversityofSeoul,30percentofallclassesarenowinEnglish.SpeakingEnglishwithanativeaccenthas

becomeastatussymbol.

36.WhatwasKimHyoJin'sproblem?

A.ShespokeEnglishwithaKoreanaccent.

B.ShedarednottalkwithwesternersinEnglish.

C.ShewasafraidoflookingatherEnglishteacher.

D.ShekeptstayingwithherKoreanclassmates.

37.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthe"EnglishVillage”?

A.ItislocatedinaEuropeancountry.

B.Ithouses460Koreanstudentsinaweek.

C.StudentswillbepunishedfornotspeakingEnglish.

D.Studentstaketurnstoserveaslanguagepolicemen.

38.WhatcanbelearnedaboutthewaythatKoreanstudentslearnEnglishatschool?

A.Therearen'tenoughEnglishclassesgiventostudents.

B.Studentsdon'thaveenoughchancestopractisespeaking.

C.Emphasisisplacedonstudents'abilitytocommunicate.

D.Grammarandvocabularyistaughtbyold-fashionedmethods.

39.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Let'sReadinEnglishB.EnglishasaGlobalLanguage

C.AHungerforEnglishLessonsD.ChangeinKoreans'AttitudetoEnglish

(B)

Thelivelihoodofeachspeciesdependsontheexistencesofotherorganisms.Thisinterdependenceissometimes

vague,sometimesobvious.Perhapsthemoststraightforwarddependenceofonespeciesonanotheroccurswithparasites,

organismsthatliveonorinotherlivingthingsandgetnutrientsdirectlyfromthem.Theparasiticwayoflifeiswidespread,

Anumberofmicro-organisms(includingvirusesandbacteria)andanarmyofinvertebrates(无脊椎动物)maketheirlivings

directlyattheexpenseofothercreatures.Inthefaceofthisattack,livingthingshaveevolvedavarietyofdefense

mechanismsforprotectingtheirbodiesfrominvasionbyotherorganisms.

Certainfungi(真菌)andevensomekindsofbacteriareleasesubstancesknownasantibioticsintotheirexternal

environment.Thesesubstancesarecapableofkillingorpreventingthegrowthofvariouskindsofbacteriathatalsooccupy

thearea,thuseliminatingorreducingthecompetitionfornutrients.Thesameprincipleisusedindefenseagainstinvadersin

othergroupsoforganisms.Forexample,whenattackedbydisease-causingfungiorbacteria,manykindsofplantsproduce

chemicalsthathelptofightofftheinvaders.

Membersoftheanimalkingdomhavedevelopedavarietyofdefensemechanismsfordealingwithparasites.Although

thesemechanismsvaryconsiderably,allmajorgroupsofanimalsarecapableofdetectingandreactingtothepresenceof

“fbreign''cells.Infact,throughouttheanimalkingdom,thereisevidencethattransplantsofcellsorpartsoftissuesintoan

animalareacceptedonlyiftheycomefromcloselyrelatedindividuals.

Theabilitytodistinguishbetween“selfand"nonself'whilepresentinallanimals,ismostefficientamong

vertebrates,whichhavedevelopedanimmunesystemastheirdefensemechanism.Theimmunesystemrecognizesand

takesactionagainstforeigninvadersandtransplantedtissuesthataretreatedasforeigncells.

40.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A.Howorganismsreacttoinvaders.

B.Howparasitesreproducethemselves.

C.Howantibioticsworktocuredisease.

D.Howtheimmunesystemsofvertebratesdeveloped.

41.Accordingtothepassage,someorganismsproduceantibioticsinorderto.

A.aiddigestion

B.fightoffotherorganisms

C.preventdiseaseinhumans

D.createnewtypesofnutrients

42.Accordingtothepassage,theabilitytodistinguishbetween"selfand“nonself'enablesvertebratesto.

A.getridofantibiotics

Baccepttransplantedcells

C.detectandreacttoinvasion

D.weakentheirimmunesystem

（C）

AsFransdeWaal,aprirnatologist（灵长动物学家），recognizes,abetterwaytothinkaboutothercreatureswouldbeto

askourselveshowdifferentspecieshavedevelopeddifferentkindsofmindstosolvedifferentadaptiveproblems.Surelythe

importantquestionisnotwhetheranimalscandothesamethingshumanscan,buthowthoseanimalssolvethecognitive

（认矢口的）problemstheyface,likehowtoimitatetheseafloor.Childrenandsomeanimalsaresointerestingnotbecause

theyaresmartlikeus,butbecausetheyaresmartinwayswehaven'tevenconsidered.

Sometimesstudyingchildren'swaysofknowingcancastlightonadult-humancognition.Children'spretendplaymay

helpusunderstandouradulttasteforfiction.DeWaaPsresearchprovidesanotherinterestingexample.Wehumanbeings

tendtothinkthatoursocialrelationshipsarerootedinourperceptions,beliefs,anddesires,andourunderstandingofthe

perceptions,beliefs,anddesiresofothers—whatpsychologistscallour“theoryofmind."Inthe80sand90s,developmental

psychologistsshowedthatpre-schoolersandeveninfantsunderstandmindsapartfromtheirown.Butitwashardtoshow

thatotheranimalsdidthesame."Theoryofmind^^becameacandidateforthespecial,uniquelyhumantrick.

YetdeWaaPsstudiesshowthatchimps（黑猩猩）possessaremarkablydevelopedpoliticalintelligence——theyaremuch

interestedinfiguringoutsocialrelationships.Itturnsout,asdeWaaldescribes,thatchimpsdoinfersomethingaboutwhat

otherchimpssee.Butexperimentalstudiesalsosuggestthatthishappensonlyinacompetitivepoliticalcontext.The

evolutionaryanthropologist（人类学家）BrainHareandhiscolleaguesgaveajuniorchimpachoicebetweenpiecesoffood

thatadominantchimphadseenhiddenandotherpiecesithadnotseenhidden.Thejuniorchimp,whowatchedallthe

hiding,stayedawayfromthefoodthedominantchimphadseen,buttookthefoodithadn'tseen.

Anyonewhohasgonetoanacademicconferencewillrecognizethatwemaybeinthesamesituation.Wemaysaythat

wesignupbecausewe'reeagertofindoutwhatotherhumanbeingsthink,butwe'rejustasinterestedinwho'sontop.

Manyofthepoliticaljudgmentswemaketheredon'thavemuchtodowithourtheoryofmind.Wemayshowourrespectto

afamousprofessorevenifwehavenorespectforhisideas.

Untilrecently,however,therewasn'tmuchresearchintohowhumansdevelopandemploythiskindofpolitical

knowledge.Itmaybethatweunderstandthesocialworldiotermsofdominance,likechimps,butwe'rejustnotusuallyas

politicallymotivatedastheyare.Insteadofaskingwhetherwehaveabettereverydaytheoryofmind,wemightwonder

whethertheyhaveabettereverydaytheoryofpolitics.

43.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingshowsthatananimalissmart?

A.Itcanbehavelikeahumankid.

B.Itcanimitatewhathumanbeingsdo.

C.Itcanfindasolutiontoitsownproblem.

D.Itcanfigureoutthoseadaptiveproblems.

44.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestillustratesour“theoryofmind”?

A.Wetalkwithinfantsinawaythattheycanfullyunderstand.

B.Wemakeguessesatwhatothersthinkwhileinteractingwiththem.

C.Wehideouremotionswhenwetryestablishingcontactwithastranger.

D.Wetrytounderstandhowkids'pretendplayaffectsourtasteforfiction.

45.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Neitherhumannoranimalsdisplaytheirpreferencefordominance.

B.Animalslivinginacompetitivepoliticalcontextaresmarter.

C.Bothhumansandsomeanimalshavepoliticalintelligence.

D.Humansaremoreinterestedinwho'sontopthananimals.

46.Bytheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph,thewritermeansthat.

A.weknowlittleabouthowchimpsarepoliticallymotivated

B.ourpoliticalknowledgedoesn'talwaysdeterminehowwebehave

C.ourtheoryofmindmightenableustounderstandourtheoryofpolitics

D.moreresearchshouldbeconductedtounderstandanimals'socialworld

SectionC

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbe

usedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

ChangingSomeone'sMindattheDinnerTable

Familygatheringscanbringuptopicsweprefertoavoid.Withthefestiveseasoninfullswing,itmightbehardtostay

awayfromsomeannoyingrelatives.Atsomepoint,youknowtheywillsaysomethinglike:^Geneticallymodifiedfoodsare

notsafetoeat"or"Climatechangeisaconspiracy,\（Surely,allthesestatementsareuntrue.）

47"Isitworthmakinganefforttocorrectpeople?^^saysJasonReiflerattheUniversityofExeter,UK,who

studieswaysofchallengingmisperceptions.Ithinkso.48

Obviously,itisfarmoredifficulttoprovefalsebeliefswrongthantospreadthem.

Takeaclassic:"Theclimatehasalwayschanged,it'snothingtodowithhumans."Tofightthis,youneedtoexplain

howtheworldisnowwarmingatanalarmingrate,whenotherwiseitwouldbecoolingslightlywereitnotforourcarbon

dioxideemissions.

49"Parallel“argumentscanoftenhighlightlogicalerrorsveryeffectivelysaysJohnCookofGeorgeMason

University,Virginia.Forinstance,the“climateisalwayschanging“mythislikeclaimingthatbecausepeoplehavealways

stolenfromeachother,leavingyourhouseunlockedwon'tincreasetheriskofburglary（入室抢劫）.

Butyouneedtobeawareofthebackfire（适得其反的）effecl.50Thiswasdiscouragingnewsforthefight

againstfalsebeliefs.44Thelastthingyouwanttodowhendebunking（驳斥）misinformationismakemattersworse,“wrote

CookandStephanLewandowskyattheUniversityofBristol,UK,inTheDebunkingHandbook,ashortguidepublished

in2011.However,morerecentstudiesarefarmoreencouraging.It9snotascommonasweinitiallythought,44says

Lewandowsky.

A.Thisistheideathattryingtochangesomeone'sfalsebeliefcanmakethembelieveitmorestrongly.

B.However,morerecentstudiesarefarmoreencouraging.

C.Anyonecanspreadalie,butitusuallytakesabitoftimeandknowledgetoexplainwhyastatementiswrong.

D.Butsometimesthereareshortcutstomakeyourpointconvincing.

E.Ifyouarenotsureofthefacts,dosomewebbrowsingonyourphoneratherthantryingtowingit.

F.Ifthishappens,youdon'thavetojustsittherequiet.

IV.SummaryWriting

51.SummaryWriting

WorkingAround

Accordingtothelateststatistics,youngmenandwomenfromtheUKareleavingtheircountryinlargenumbers

becausetheywanttoworkabroad.Istheideaofworkingabroadfactorfictionandwhatisitliketoworkinanother

country?

Inordertofindanswerstothesequestions,theGuardiannewspaperrecentlyinterviewedBritishworkersinFrance,

Germany,SpainandHolland.Whattheydiscoveredwasthatifyouhaveamarketableskillandcanspeakthelanguageof

thecountryyouarein,thenyouwillhavenoproblemfindingwork.Let'stakethefollowingexamples.PeterTatemovedto

Francein1991.HehadstudiedlightingdesigninEnglandandhadworkedforelevenyearsintheatresaroundthecountry.

Hewantedadifferentlifestyleandcertainlydidn'texpecttogetajobinhisfieldimmediately.

HedidanumberofdifferentjobsuntilhewasfinallyhiredbyDisneylandParisin1992.Firstheworkedthereasa

lightingtechnician,thenheeventuallygotajobindesign.Afterallhisexperience,hesaysthatyouhavetoberealistic

aboutfindingexactlythekindofjobyouwantabroad.tcThetheatreisasmallworld,“heexplains."Jobsareusuallyfound

throughcontracts.IhadtogettoknowpeoplefirstandIdidn'tspeakverygoodFrenchwhenIfirstarrived.^^

HeadmitsthathispoorlevelofFrenchwasabigproblem.Hedidathree-monthlanguagecoursebeforehemovedto

Francepermanently,butthisstillwasnotenough.Hesaysthatifyouwanttogetagoodjobinanothercountry,youhaveto

beabletospeakthelanguagewell.AlackoflanguageskillsisthemainproblemwhentryingtofindworkinEurope.

VTranslation

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.

52.这场失利暴露出这支全新队伍的不足之处。（expose）（汉译英）

53.这个区域有9个大小不一、形态各异的湖泊。（vary）（汉译英）

54.正当我因为出差无人照顾家中小猫而一筹莫展时，邻居主动伸出了援助之手。（offer）（汉译英）

55.那篇小学生作文之所以得到人们的共鸣，就是因为它指出了我们对日常生活的漫不经心。（Thereason）（汉译

英）

VI.GuidedWriting

56.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.

假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校英语报正在进行主题为“如何应对压力”的征文，你有意参加，写一篇短

文，内容须包括：

1）你对如何应对压力的建议；

2）用具体的事例说明这一建议的有效性。

2022-2023学年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试

上海英语模拟试卷

I.Listeningcomprehension

略

II.GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.For

theblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useoneword

thatbestfitseachblank.

Catsareactuallysurprisinglybadatcatchingrats

Ifyouareannoyedbyrats,thinktwiceaboutgettingacat.Acatmightleadtotheappearanceofarat-freehome,butit

turnsoutthattheratsarestillthere.Theyarejustkeepingalowprofile.

“Catsarenotthenaturalenemyofrats,“saysMichaelParsonsofFordhamUniversity,NewYork.t4Theyprefersmaller

prey.”

Histeam](study)aratcolonyatarecyclingplantinNewYorkinthepastfewyears.Whencatsmovedinto

theplantlastyear,theresearchersweredisappointed,butdecidedtosetupcameras2(monitor)thearea.

Overfivemonths,theysawjustthreeattemptsbycatstocatchrats,onlytwoof3succeeded.

Catshavegoodreasonstobecautious.Thecommonrathaslargeteeththatcangiveapainfulbiteandcarrylotsof

diseases.Theyalso4(weigh)340gramsonaverage一comparedwith25gramsforamouse.

Parsonsthinksthatonlystarvingcatswillattempttocatchrats,5theratsaresickorinjured.Thetworats

6(kill)duringtheteam'sstudymayhavebeenweakenedbyeatingpoisonedfood,hesays.

However,catsdohaveabiginfluenceonratbehaviour.44Ratsoverestimatetheriskcausedbycats,“saysParsons.His

teamfoundthatwhencatsareinthearea,ratsspendmuchmoretimein7(hide)andmovearoundcautiously.That

meanstheyaremuchlesslikelytobeseenbypeople,whichcouldexplain8mostpeoplewronglythinkcatsare

goodatkillingrats.

Somecatownersmay9(convince)theirpetsareexcellentratters.ButParsonshasfoundthatmanypeople

mistakemice10rats.Thatsaid,itispossiblethereareafewexceptionalcatsthatdotakeonhealthy,adultrats,he

says.

【答案】1.hasbeenstudying

2.tomonitor

3.which4.weigh

5.unless6.killed

7.hiding8.why

9.beconvinced

10.for

【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了研究表明老鼠可能不是猫的天敌，猫并不擅长捕捉老鼠。

【1题详解】

考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，他的团队一直在研究纽约一家回收工厂里的老鼠群落。由时间状语inthepast

fewyears并结合句意可知，表示从过去一直延续到现在的动作，用现在完成进行时，却主语team是第三人称单

数，谓语动词用单数，故填hasbeenstudying。

【2题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：当猫去年搬进工厂时，研究人员很失望，但决定设置摄像头来监控该地区。分析句子可

知，monitor作目的状语，用不定式形式,故填tomonitor。

【3题详解】

考查定语从句。句意：在五个月的时间里，他们只看到猫三次试图抓老鼠，其中仅有两次成功。分析句子可知，

空处引导定语从句，代替先行词attempts,从句中作介词of的宾语，指物，用关系代词which,故填which。