汉译英常用分类词汇-中国文化

z.汉译英常用分类词汇——中国文化概述generalterms集体主义

collectivism爱国主义精神

patriotism老实守信

honesty公民道德建立实施纲要

TheProgramforImprovingCivicMorality弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化

highlightthecentralthemeofthetimeswhileencouragingdiversity全民健身运动

nationwidefitnesscampaign社会公德，职业道德和家庭美德教育educationinsocialandprofessionalethicsandfamilyvirtues为人民效劳

servingthepeople

深入群众，深入生活

godeepamongthemassesandintothethickoflife奉献无愧于时代的作品

contributetothepeopleworksworthyofthetimes中华文明博大精深，源远流长。TheChinesecivilizationise*tensiveandprofound,andhasalonghistory.重要文化遗产

majorculturalheritage优秀民间艺术

outstandingfolkarts自立于世界民族之林

standproudlyinthefamilyofnations一、传统节日风俗文化三节(中国的三天传统节日：端午节、中秋节和春节)thethreeChinesetraditionalfestivals—Dragon-BoatFestival,Mid-AutumnFestivalandSpringFestival1.春节

SpringFestival/ChineseNewYear大扫除

year-endhouseholdcleaning扎花灯焰火makeornamentallanternsandfireworks烧纸钱burnpapercoins/burnpapermoney烧香burnincensesinacenser除夕

NewYear’sEve春联

SpringFestivalcouplets(conveyingbestwishesfortheyear)年画

NewYearpicture年夜饭

familyreuniondinneronLunarNewYear’sEve压岁钱

New-YearMoney/moneygiventochildrenasaLunarNewYeargift爆竹

firecracker鞭炮

astringofsmallfirecrackers辞旧迎新

bidfarewelltotheoldandusherinthenew;ringouttheoldyearandringinthenew饺子

dumplings(withmeatandvegetablestuffing)拜年

payingaNewYearcall贺年片

NewYearfilm恭喜发财

Mayyoubeprosperous!/Wishyouallthebest!2.元宵节

LanternFestival元宵

sweetrice-flourdumplings(eatenontheLanternFestival)庙会

templefair观灯

viewingthelanterns灯谜

lanternriddles龙灯舞

dragonlanterndance狮子舞

liondance秧歌舞

yanggedance植树节

Tree-plantingDay3.清明节

Tomb-sweepingFestival/Tomb-sweepingDay/Ch’ingMingFestival扫墓

payingrespecttothedead?清明上河图?ARiversideSceneatQingmingFestival4.端午节

DragonBoatFestivalDuanwuFestival赛龙舟dragon-boatrace粽子

zongji/glutinousricewrappedinapyramidshapedumplinginreedleaves5.七夕节Double-seventhFestival6.中秋节

Mid-autumnFestival赏月

enjoyingthefullmoon月饼

mooncake团圆beunited7.重阳节

Double-ninthFestival登高

hillclimbing饮酒winedrinking赏菊

enjoyingchrysanthemum吃糕eatingcakes〔糕与“高〞谐音〕国庆节NationalDay8.冬至thewintersolstice冬至饭wintersolsticedinner9.立春theBeginningofSpring/earlyspring10.秋老虎autumntiger11.芒种节FestivalofGraininEar12.春分RainBegins13.白露WhiteDew14.霜降FrostFalls15.小雪SlightSnow放风筝图的是这一乐，所以说放倒霉。Kite-flyingisjustforfun,that’swhywecallit‘sendingoffbadluck’〞.办消寒会：holdacold-dispellingparty二、饮食文化food/cuisineculture烹饪culinaryarts美食节

gourmetfestival中餐烹饪

Chinesecuisine色，香，味俱全

perfectbinationofcolor,aroma,tasteandappearance八大菜系eightschoolsofcuisine四大菜系：**菜，**菜，粤菜，**菜fourmajorChinesecuisines:Shandongcuisine,Sichuancuisine,CantoncuisineandYangzhoucuisine南淡北咸，东甜西辣

thelightsoutherncuisine,andthesaltynortherncuisine;thesweeteasterncuisine,andthespicywesterncuisine八宝菜

eight-treasurepickles(assortedwalnutmeats,asparagus,lettuce,almonds,cucumberandpeanuts,etc.pickledinsoysauce)八宝饭

eight-treasurericepudding(glutinousricesteamedwithpreservedfruits,sweetenedbeanpaste,lotusseeds,longan,etc.)白斩鸡

tenderboiledchicken(madebyboilingawholechickeninwaterandcuttingintocubes,thendippingintoseasonings)臭豆腐

strong-smellingpreservedbeancurb粉蒸肉

porksteamedwithriceflour狗不理包子Goubulisteamedbuns油条deep-frieddoughsticks风味小吃

localdelicacy腐竹

rollsofdriedbeanmilkcream冷盘

horsd’oeuvres萨其马

Manchucandiedfrittercutinsquares刀切，火候CuttingandSlicingTechniques,HeatControl切片

slicing切条

cuttingtostrips切丝

shredding切柳

filleting切丁

dicing切碎

mincing磨碎

grinding大/旺/武火

strongheat中火

mediumheat小/微/文火

gentleheat烹饪方法cookingtechniques煎

pan-frying炒

stir-frying爆

quick-frying炸

deep-frying烩

stewing熏

smoking煨

simmering煮

boiling烘

baking烤

roasting蒸

steaming红烧

braising(withsoysauce)涮羊肉

hot-potmutton

dip-boiledmuttonslices羊肉串小摊

muttonbarbecuestall三、茶文化teaculture禅宗ZenBuddhism日本茶道Japaneseteaceremony茶馆tea-house看茶/献茶servetea沏茶brewtea一碗茶abowloftea一杯茶acupoftea茶具teaset茶锅kettle茶盘tea-tray宜兴紫砂壶boccaroteapot绿茶greentea红茶redtea乌龙茶oolongtea黑茶darktea碧螺春Biluochun**毛峰HuangshanMaofeng**瓜片Liu’anGuapian**祁门红茶QimenBlackTeaofAnhui**滇红茶DianBlackTeaofYunnan**普洱茶Pu’erTeaofYunnan菊花茶chrysanthemumtea茉莉花茶jasminetea浓浓的姜茶stronggingertea龙井茶Longjingtea女儿茶neurtea蜜饯茶sweetenedtea贡茶choicetea四、酒文化wineculture杜康酒theDukangLiquor**酒Shao*ingwine烧酒hotspirits橘酒orangewine冷酒coldwine暖酒warmwine发压岁钱distributionofNew-Yearmoney合欢宴familyreunionfeast屠苏酒New-YearWine合欢汤happy-reunionsoup桔祥果luckyfruits如意糕wish-fullfilmentcakes行酒令playadrinkinggame划拳playafinger-guessinggame射覆playconundrums(谜)摆酒接风arrangeafeastofwele/prepareafeastforsb.’shome-ing水酒掸尘preparesomewaterywinebywayofwele治酒饯行prepareafarewellfeast举酒送行offersb.winetoseesb.off奠酒pouralibation五、服饰文化cultureofcostumesandornaments女子传统服装traditionalclothesforwomen(ladies)旗袍cheong-sam唐装Chinese-stylecostumes立领astand-upcollar裙子skirt紫色绣花绵裙pinkembroideredsilkskirt髻/冕tiara珠宝髻tiara(set)withjewelsandpears垂饰pendant耳环earpendants/earrings饰物habiliments碧玉红带redbeltwithgreenjade簪/钗pin赤金匾簪aflatgoldpin串珠/项链necklace手镯bracelets戒指fingerring订婚戒指engagementring结婚戒指weddingring黄袍goldenrobe蟒袍serpent-embroideredrobe长袍longgown马褂mandarinjacket盘领roundnecks窄袖narrowsleeves坎肩shorttunic中国不动地域和不同民族的服饰也各有特色。ThefeatureofChineseclothingvarieswithareasandnationalities.肚兜bellyband头饰headwears缠头decoratebrocaderoundthehead绣花帽acapwithembroider披风manteau裤子trousers红地毯redrug高跟鞋high-heelshoes绣花拖鞋embroideredslippers靴子boots宝玉穿着大红袄儿、白绫裙子。Baoyuiswearingaredtunicandawhitesilkskirt.好几个丫头都擦脂抹粉，簪花插柳。Afewmaidsarepowderedandrougedwithflowersorwillowshootsintheirair.六、艺术美学artsandaesthetics1.戏曲文化cultureoftheatricalperformance戏剧表演theatricalperformances京剧脸谱PekingOperamask生malecharacters旦femalecharacters净“paintedface〞character(role)末middle-agedmalecharacters丑clown红脸redface黑脸blackface白脸whiteface京剧票友amateurperformerofPekingOpera昆曲Kunquopera**戏Shaohsingopera川剧SichuanOpera?白色记?TheWhiteSerpent?西游记?PilgrimagetotheWest相声crosstalk单口相声monologueictalk双口相声wittydialogue木偶戏shadowplaypuppets独角戏monodrama;one-manplay皮影戏shadowplay;shadowpuppertry折子戏operahighlights戏剧小品skit哑剧dumbshow;mime;mummery;pantomime口技vocalimitations;ventriloquism说书monologuestory-telling杂技acrobaticperformance马戏circusperformances叠罗汉makingahumanpyramid特技stunt睬高跷stiltwalk2.艺术及工艺artsandcrafts国画

Chinesepainting漆画

lacquerpainting版画

engravingpainting/woodcutpainting水彩画watercolorpainting水墨画

Chinesebrushdrawing;inkandwashpainting木刻画

woodengravingpainting贝雕画

shellcarvingpicture卖秸画

strawpatchwork壁画mural泥塑claysculpture彩塑paintedsculpture释迦牟尼Sakyamuni千手观音Guanyinwith1000Hands大足石刻DazuStoneSculpture兵马俑theTerracottaArmy陶俑terracottawarriors云冈石窟theYungangGrottoes莫高窟theMogaoGrottoes龙门石窟theLongmenGrottoes袈裟kasaya雕刻

carving剪纸

paper-cutting刺绣

embroidery双面绣

two-sidedembroidery木/石/竹刻

wood/stone/bamboocarving漆器

lacquerware宫灯

palacelantern皮影

shadowpuppet蜡染

batik彩塑

paintedsculpture陶器

pottery;earthenware宜兴陶

Yi*ingpottery瓷器

porcelain;china**瓷

Jingdezhenporcelain景泰蓝

Cloisonné/Jingtaiblue唐三彩

Tangtri-coloredpottery泥人

clayfigurinr面人doughfigurine檀香扇

sandalwoodfan图章

seal拓碑

makingrubbingsfrominscriptions,pictures,etc.onstonetablets拓片

rubbing微雕

miniatureengraving象牙雕刻

ivorycarving篆刻

sealcutting方块象形文字thesquare-shapedpictographiccharacter毛笔thewritingbrush3.音乐music中国风Chinesevogue编钟chimebells琵琶pipa二胡erhu唢呐suona排箫panpipe阮咸ruan*ian竖箜篌verticalkonghou五弦five-stringedinstrument羌笛qiangflute七、智慧典籍wisdomandclassics1.神话人物mythologicalfigures八仙theEightImmortals嫦娥Chang’e(theChinesemoongoddess)伏羲Fu*i(GodofFisheryandHusbandry)福禄寿三星thethreegodsoffortune,prosperityandlongevity共工GodofWater后羿Houyi(alegendaryherowhoshotdownninesuns)黄帝YellowEmperor夸父Kuafu(afabledsun-chasinggiant)女GoddessofSky-patching盘古

PanGu(creatoroftheuniverse)神农

PatronofAgriculture禹

Yu(thereputedfounderofthe*iaDynasty)祝融

GodofFire2.古代典籍famousancientbooks?春秋?

TheSpringandAutumnAnnals?史记?

HistoricalRecords?诗经?

TheBookofSongs/Shijing?书经?

TheBookofHistory?易经?

TheBookofChanges/Yijing?礼记?

TheBookofRites?周礼?TheBookofRites/Zhouli?孙子兵法?Sunzi’sArtofWar/SunziBingfa?孙膑兵法?Sunbin’sArtofWar/SunbinBingfa四书

TheFourBooks?大学?

TheGreatLearning?中庸?

TheDoctrineoftheMean/Zhongyong?论语?

TheAnalectsofConfucius/Lunyu?孟子?

TheMencius?山海经?

TheClassicofMountainsandRivers?道德经?ClassicsoftheWayandVirtue/DaoDeJing?老子?Laozi?本草纲目?

pendiumofMateriaMedica?资治通鉴?

HistoryRetoldasaMirrorforRulers?西厢记?TheRomanceofWestChamber?三国演义?

TheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms?水浒传?

HeroesoftheMarshes;WaterMargins

?西游记?

PilgrimagetotheWest?红楼梦?

DreamoftheRedMansions(TheStoryoftheStone)?聊斋志异?

StrangeTalesfromMake-doStudio/LiaozhaiZhiyi3.其他庄子Zhuangzi无为non-action墨子Mozi不争non-contention春秋时期theSpringandAutumnPeriod鲁国theStateofLu战国时代theWarringStatesPeriod先秦pre-Qin大唐theGreatTang丝绸之路theSilkRoad西域theWesternRegions飞天apsaras壁画fresco*和下西洋ZhengHe’sVoyagestotheWesternSeas六艺：礼，乐，射，御，书，数si*classicalarts:rites,music,archery,riding,writing,arithmetic朦胧诗mistypoetry三字经three-characterscripture武侠小说talesofrovingknights;martialartsnovel;akungfunovel言情小说romanticfiction;sentimentalnovel八股文eight-partessay;stereotypedwriting五言绝句five-characterquatrain七言律诗seven-characteroctave八、**religions1.佛教

Buddhism释迦牟尼

Sakyamuni佛寺

Buddhisttemple大雄宝殿

theGreatBuddha’sHall藏经楼

depositaryofBuddhistte*ts金刚经

Vajracchedika-sutra素菜馆

vegetarianrestaurant罗汉堂

arhathall观音

Guanyin;GoddessofMercy;Avalokitesvara地藏

GodofEarth四大金刚

FourHeavenlyGuardians(attheentrancetoaBuddhismtemple);FourDevarajas四大天王

FourHeavenlyKings因果报应

karma藏传佛教

Lamaism?大藏经?

Tripitaka转世灵童

reincarnatedsoulboy喇嘛庙

lamasery2.道教

Taoism道观

Taoisttemple道士

Taoistpriest关帝庙

templeofLordGuan3.儒教

Confucianism孔子庙

Confuciantemple孔子

Confucius义，礼，智，信，忠，恕，孝，悌rightness,propriety,wisdom,trustworthiness,loyalty,reciprocity,filialpiety,brotherlylove学儿优则仕

Agoodscholarcanbeeanofficial/Hewhoe*celsinstudycanfollowanofficialcareer.禅宗

ZenBuddhism不立别传，不立文字，直指人心，见性成佛。TherebeliefispassedonoutsidethereligionThereisnorelianceonwrittenscriptsItgoesstraightintopeople’sminds.OnebeesaBuddhathemomentHeseeshisownBuddhanature.4.伊斯兰教

Islam清真寺

mosques古兰经

theKoran5.耶稣教

Christianity耶稣基督

JesusChrist洗礼

baptism6.天主教

Catholicism天主教堂

Catholicchurch九、家族文化祖婆婆great-grandmother太婆婆grandmother祖爷爷great-grandfather太爷爷grandfather父亲father母亲mother儿女sonanddaughter媳妇daughter-in-law女婿son-in-law孙子grandson孙女grand-daughter姑表孙女grand-niecesonthepaternalsides(父亲那边的)姨表孙女grand-niecesonthematernalsides(母亲那边的)侄子cousin亲戚relatives远亲distantrelatives近亲closerelatives请安conveyone’srespectstosb./payone’srespectstosb.族长theheadoftheclan宗祠theAncestralTemple家塾familyschool/studyhall私塾privateschool祖坟ancestralgraveyard无嗣remainheirless领养的儿子adoptedson十、婚姻习俗(嫁娶有媒买卖有保)婚姻marriage把女儿嫁给他marryone’sdaughtertohim与她结婚bemarriedtoher未婚beunmarried/besingle做媒arrangeamatchfor/makeamatchfor媒婆matchmaker天生一对makeaperfectmatch婚姻六礼：si*proceduresofmarriage相亲〔纳彩、问名〕、定亲〔纳吉、纳征〕、成亲〔请期、亲迎〕纳彩employamatchmakertosendtheweddinggiftstoherfamily问名askherbirth-date/a