医疗论文英文摘要IV

医疗论文英文摘要IV第四讲各类医学论文英文摘要写作特点

英文摘要写作应用很广。不但参加国际学术会议、向国际学术刊物投稿要写英文摘要，国内级别较高学术期刊也要求附上英文摘要，学位论文更是如此。本讲主要介绍各种实用类型英文摘要写作方法、语言特点以及惯用句型。医疗论文英文摘要IV2/26

第一节实用类型英文摘要分类及特点实用类型英文摘要（以下简称摘要）主要有以下四种：1）随同论文一起在学术刊物上发表摘要：这种摘要置于主体部分之前，目标是让读者首先了解以下论文内容，方便决定是否阅读全文。普通来说，这种摘要在全文完成之后写。字数限制在100-150字。内容包含研究目标、研究方法、研究结果和主要结论。2）学术会议论文摘要：会议文摘普通要在会议召开前几个月撰写。目标是交给会议论文评委评阅，从而决定是否能够录用。所以，该种摘要要比第一个略为详细，长度在200-300字。会议论文摘要开头有必要简单介绍一下研究课题意义、目标、宗旨等。医疗论文英文摘要IV3/263）学位论文摘要：硕士论文摘要普通在400字左右，依据需要能够分为几个段落。内容普通包含研究背景、意义、主旨和目标；基本理论依据；基本假设；研究方法；研究结果；主要创新点；简短讨论。4）脱离原文而独立发表摘要,文摘：这种摘要更应该含有独立性、自含性、完整性。读者无须阅读原文，便能够了解原文主要内容。医疗论文英文摘要IV4/26第二节学术期刊论文英文摘要写作特点这种摘要随同全文一切发表，简短精练是其特点。只需简明扼要地将研究目标、方法、结果和结论分别用1-3句话加以概括即可。至于研究背景或宗旨应在论文Introduction（序言）部分教详细介绍，无须在摘要里介绍。

Sample1

医疗论文英文摘要IV5/26Objective:

1)TostudytheusageofviralloadandCDcellcountmethodsinevaluatingtheeffectsofclinicaltreatmentinHIVinfectedpeople.Method:Totally2)73casesofHIVinfectedpersonswerestudiedwithclinicalObservationandlaboratoryexaminations,3)sixcasesweretreatedwithcocktailtherapy,4)36caseswithChineseherbsandtheother31caseswereuntreated.Results:5)Theresultsindicatedthattheviralloadlevelsincocktailtherapygroupweresignificantlylowerthanthoseoftheothertwogroupswithin3monthsandthenkeptatverylowlevels.6)TheCDTlymphocytelevelsshowedasignificantincreaseafter3monthsandkeptrising.+441.研究病毒载量检测和CD计数在评价人类免疫缺点病毒(HIV)感染者疗效中应用效果.2..对HIV感染者73例临床病例进行了试验和临床观察,其中包含6例鸡尾酒治疗病例、36例中药治疗病例及31例未进行治疗感染病例。3.在进行治疗3个月中，鸡尾酒治疗（即，联合治疗）组病毒载量显著低于其它两组，而且在其后保持很低水平，CD计数水平显著高于其它两组并在其后继续升高。医疗论文英文摘要IV6/26447)TheChineseherbsgroup,however,hadnosignificantdifferenceinviralloadlevelandCDTlymphocytelevelascomparedwithuntreatedgroup.8)ButinclinicalobservationChineseherbsshowedtheeffectofimprovingclinicalstatusinsomecases.Conclusion:

9)TheauthorsconcludethattheviralloadandCDcountareefficientmethodsinclinicalevaluationofHIVtreatment,especiallyinroutineanti-HIVtherapy.10)AsfortheChineseherbstreatment,thesetwomonitorsdidnotreflectchangesinclinicalstatus.3.然而，中医治疗组病毒载量水平和CDT淋巴细胞计数水平与未治疗组差异无显著性.但在临床症状中中药组较未治疗组有显著改进。4.本文作者总结病毒载量检测和CD计数是评定临床治疗,尤其是常规抗HIV治疗有效方法。至于中药治疗,以上两种监控指标均未反应出有任何临床症状改变.医疗论文英文摘要IV7/26Tostudytheusageof….(表示研究目标或内容）HIVinfectedpersonswerestudiedwithclinicalobservation…（表示研究对象或方法）Theresultsindicatedthat…（表示调查数据与结果）Theauthorsconcludethat…（表示调查结论）本摘要中主要句型：医疗论文英文摘要IV8/26第三节学术会议论文英文摘要写作特点学术会议论文摘要写得好坏，直接关系到论文能否被录用。摘要起到说服会议论文评审委员会作用，所以，摘要应该首先简明说明研究背景、内容、范围、价值与意义。在研究方法上也能够多花一点笔墨。会议论文摘要普通在200-250词。医疗论文英文摘要IV9/26HepatitisCvirus:Clades(分化枝)andPropertiesHOWARD

ColinR.

DepartmentofPathologyandInfectiousDiseases,RoyalVeterinaryCollege,UniversityofLondon

1.HepatitisCvirus(HCV)isamemberofthevirusfamilyFlaviviridae.2.AtpresentHCVisclassifiedintoadiscretehepacivirusgenusandisrepresentedbysixcladesaccordingtogenomesequencing.

3.EachGladeisfurtherdivisibleintosubtypes,whichmayproveimportantforthestudyofclinicaldifferencesandepidemiologicalstudies.4.LimitedhomologyalsoexistswithhepatitisG/GBviruses,despitethefactthatthehepatotropic(亲肝)

natureofthelatteragentsremainscontentious.5.ThevariabilityamongstthesixHCVcladesislessthanthatobservedbetweenthefourserotypesofdengue,suggestingthateachGlademayrepresentadistinctvirusweretestssuchasplaqueneutralizationtobecomeavailablefor

丙肝病毒被划分为一个分离株,依据基因组结构有6个分化枝噬斑中和作用

医疗论文英文摘要IV10/26

delineatingHCVisolates.6.Thedistributionworldwidevaries,withClades1and2predominating

占优势inmostregions----animportantconsiderationforthedevelopmentofanyvaccine.7.Inaddition,theGladedistributionamongcohortsmayvaryaccordingtoage.8.PointsourceoutbreaksofHCV,forexampleinlargenumbersofwomeninadvertently不注意地infectedwithHCV-contaminatedanti-Dglobulin,offersanopportunitytostudytheevolutionofHCVgenotypesoverseveraldecades.9.ParallelstudiesinchimpanzeeshaveshownthatthehypervariableregionofE2mayplayaroleinHCVimmunity,withquasispeciesrapidlyreplacingthepredominantsubtypeasimmunitydevelopstotheinitiatingvirusstrain.

医疗论文英文摘要IV11/26

10.ThereissomeevidencethatanIFN-sensitivemotifexistsintheNS5genewhichmayhavesomepredictivevalueindeterminingthelikelyoutcomeofIFNtreatment.11.AdatabaseisavailableforallHCVsequences,togetherwithinformationabouttheirpropertiesandguidancefortheevaluationofnewisolates

医疗论文英文摘要IV12/26分析本摘要共11个句子，全部用普通现在时，介绍了丙型肝炎病毒生物特征和研究进展。主要句型结构：AtpresentHVCisclassifiedintoadiscretehepacivirusgenusandisrepresentedbysixcladesaccordingtogenomesequencing.(采取了普通现在时和被动语态，这是描述已经有定论科学事实较惯用方法）Thereissomeevidencethat…（表示对前人研究结果概括）

医疗论文英文摘要IV13/26第四节学位论文英文摘要写作特点学位论文摘要也叫内容提要（Summary）。普通单独占一页，装订在学位论文目录之前。这种摘要与上述两种摘要一样

，都是介绍研究背景、内容、目标、方法、结果等。不过，学位论文摘要与其它两种摘要不一样之处是，他必须指出研究结果独到之处或创新点。关于研究内容也能够稍加详细介绍，摘要长度普通在400字左右。如有必要，能够分为几个段落。学位论文摘要能够分三步写：开头部分，能够先介绍一下研究背景、宗旨、意义，提出问题，说明处理某一问题必要性或主要性等；第二步，介绍本研究目标、范围；第三步介绍论文主要内容。最终对研究主要内容，尤其是新创造、新突破、新看法或新方法加以概括总结。医疗论文英文摘要IV14/26Sample

DNAvaccineforHBVandBCVWangQuanchuChronicinfectionswithhepatitisB(HBV)andhepatitisC(HCV)virusesareworldwideproblemsoftenleadingtothedevelopmentofchronicliverdiseaseandhepatocellularcarcinoma.GeneticimmunizationswithDNAencodingforstructuralandnonstructuralproteinsofHCVandHBVinexperimentalmicegenerateabroadbaseCDandCDcellularimmuneresponsewhichmayberequiredforviralclearancefromthehost.DNAbasedimmunizationisapromisingantiviralapproachforthedevelopmentoftherapeuticandprophylacticvaccineagainstHBVandHCV.医疗论文英文摘要IV15/26

DNAvaccines,withwhichtheantigenissynthesizedinvivoafterdirectintroductionofitsencodingsequences,offerauniquemethodofimmunizationthatmayovercomemanyofthedeficitsoftraditionalantigen-basedvaccines.Byvirtueofthesustainedin

vivoantigensynthesisandthecomprisedstimulatoryCpGmotifs,plasmidDNAvaccinesappeartoinducestrongandlong-lastinghumoral(anti-bodies)andcell-mediated(T-help,othercytokinefunctionsandcytotoxicT-cells)immuneresponses.Inanimalmodels,DNAvaccinesagainsthepatitisBvirus(HBV)givehumoralandcellmediatedimmunitysuperiortothatofthecurrenttraditionalanti-basedvaccines,indicatingthepossibilityofmore

effectiveprophylacticvaccine

againstHBV.Furthermore,DNAvaccinescanovercometolerancetoandexpressionofHBVproteinsintransgenicmousemodeloftheHBVchroniccarrier,openingup

thepossibilityofaneffectivetherapeuticDNAvaccinetotreatchroniccarriersofHBV.质体医疗论文英文摘要IV16/26

Onthebasisofthesepreviousstudies,weinvestigatedtheroleofDNAimmunizationinthegenerationofimmuneresponsestheHBV,andevaluatedtheimmunogenicityofdifferentvectorsortargetgenesofHBVgenevaccineinmice,andthechimericDNAvaccineofHBVSgeneandHCVCgenewasconstructedandexpressedusingLipofectinhumanhepatoblastoma7721cells.

Thestudiesconsistedof:1.InordertodevelopanexperimentalDNAvaccineforthepreventionandtreatmentofhepatitisBvirusinfection,hepatitisBvirussurfaceantigen(HBsAg)DNAwasclonedintotwoeukaryoticexpressionvectorspcDNA3andpCR3.1.Intramuscularinjectionsof30mgoftheplasmidDNAexpressingHBsAginducedhumoralandcellularimmuneresponsesinBalb/cmice.Anti-HBsantibodytitersgradually医疗论文英文摘要IV17/26increasedandpeakedfourweeksfollowingintramuscularDNAinjection.GenerationofHBs-specifichelperTlymphocyteswasalsoinvestigatedthroughMTTmethods.VectoreffectsofHBsDNAwereinvestigatedwithoutmuchresult.Ingeneral,DNA-mediatedHBsimmunizationinducedhumoralandcellularimmuneresponsesinmicethatappearedtostimulateimmuneresponsesinhumanduringthecourseofHBVvaccination,butcomparativeanalysisoftheeffectsoftwovectorsshowednodifference.2.InordertostudydifferentimmuneresponsesinmiceimmunizedwithHBVsurfaceandcoreDNA-basedvaccines,theHBVsurfacegeneandcoregenewereclonedintoaneukaryoticvector(pCR3.1)respectively.TheBalb/cmicewereimmunizedthroughmultiplesitesintramuscularinjectionwithpCR3.1-SandpCR3.1-C.Eachmousewasboosted2weeksafterimmunization.Theanti-HBsandanti-HBc医疗论文英文摘要IV18/26antibodiesweredetectedbyEL1SA,andthestimulatoryindexofsplenocytesonHNsAgorHBcAgwasmeasuredbyMTTmethod.Resultsshowed:ThetiterofspecialantibodyandthestimulatoryindexofspleenocytesfrommicecommunizedwithpCR3.1-SandpCR3.1-Cweresignificantlyhigherthanthoseofthecontrol.SIofimmunizedmiceinjectedwithpCR3.1-CwashigherthanthatofpCR3.1-Sgroup.ThisstudydemonstratedthatimmunizationofCgeneandSgeneofHBVcouldproducehumoralandcellularimmuneresponseofimmunizedmicedifferently.医疗论文英文摘要IV19/263.ToimprovetheimmunogenicityofepitopesfromthecoreproteinofHIV,wedevelopedchimericalDNAvaccinesbyinsertingthesequencesencodingthesurfaceantigen(HBsAg)intothehepatitisC(HCV)coregenetoexaminethepossibilityofmodifyingtheimmuneresponsetoHCVbyintroducingmodificationswiththecarriersHBsAginDNAimmunizationofmice.ThechimericDNAvaccineofHBVSgeneandHCVCgenewasconstructedandexpressedusingLipofectinhumanhepatoblastoma7721cells.医疗论文英文摘要IV20/26Insomeplasmidconstructions,theCsequencewasintroducedintothepreS2regionoftheHBsAg.AlthoughthisregionisnotpresentinallproteinsubunitsoftheHBsAgparticlesproduced,abolishingtheinternaltranslationalinitiationsitefortheSproteinhadnoeffectontheimmuneresponsetoHCVC.expressionofCoregenewiththefusedHBsAgproteinresultedinequalanti-HCVCantibodycytotoxicT-lymphocyte(CTL)responses.

Conclusion:

1.ThetiterofspecialantibodyandthestimulatoryindexofspleenocytesfrommicecommunizedwithpCR3.1-S,pcDNA3-SorpCR3.1-Cweresignificantlyhigherthanthatofcontrol.ButdifferentvectorconstructswiththesameCMVpromoterinducednearlythesameimmuneresponseinmice.医疗论文英文摘要IV21/26

2.SIoftheimmunizedmiceinjectedwithpCR3.1-CwashigherthanthatofpCR3.1-Sgroup.ImmunizationofCgeneandSgeneofHBVcouldproducedifferentcellularimmuneresponsesoftheimmunizedmice.3.HBVSgenecouldbeconedintoHCVCgeneandthechimericDNAvaccinecouldbeexpressedinhumanhepatoblastoma7721cells.Thus,theimmuneresponsetoheterologousepitopescanbealteredbymodificationsinthecarrierHBsAgprotein.ModificationsoftheHBsAgcarriermightinterferewiththedominantimmuneresponsetotheHBsAgepitopes,allowingbetterantibodyinductiontolessimmunogenicforeignepitopes.医疗论文英文摘要IV22/26第五节文摘文摘是一个脱离正文而单独印行科技文体，主要以文摘期刊或文摘卡片形式或光盘形式发行。文摘除向读者介绍相关最新文件主要内容外，还介绍该文件起源，以及查找全文渠道。因为文摘期刊（包含电子出版物）将大量文件搜集、摘录并按类编排，所以文摘也是研究相关领域发展动态主要依据之一。世界上有很多著名文摘机构，比如：科学引文索引SCI(ScienceCitationIndex)科学评论索引ISR(IndextoScientificReviews)科学技术会