2022-2023年河南省许昌市大学英语6级大学英语六级测试卷(含答案)

2022-2023年河南省许昌市大学英语6级大学英语六级测试卷(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Theauthorsaysthatforegoingacollegeeducationisoftennotawisechoicebecause______ofthe50highestpayingjobsrequireafour-yearcollegedegreeexceptforairtrafficcontrollersandnuclearpowerreactoroperators.

2.FactsaboutDepression

Inanygivenone-yearperiod,9.5%ofthepopulation,orabout18.8millionAmericanadults,sufferfromadepressiveillness.Theeconomiccostforthisdisorderishigh,butthecostinhumansufferingcannotbeestimated.Depressiveillnessesofteninterferewithnormalfunctioningandcausepainandsufferingnotonlytothosewhohaveadisorder,butalsotothosewhocareaboutthem.Seriousdepressioncandestroyfamilylifeaswellasthelifeoftheillperson.Butmuchofthissufferingisunnecessary.

Mostpeoplewithadepressiveillnessdonotseektreatment,althoughthegreatmajority—eventhosewhosedepressionisextremelysevere—canbehelped.Thankstoyearsoffruitfulresearch,therearenowmedicationsandpsychosocialtherapiessuchascognitive/behavioral"talk"orinterpersonalthateasethepainofdepression.

What'saDepressiveDisorder?

Adepressivedisorderisanillnessthatinvolvesthebody,mood,andthoughts.Itaffectsthewayapersoneatsandsleeps,thewayonefeelsaboutoneself,andthewayonethinksaboutthings.Adepressivedisorderisnotthesameasapassingbluemood.Itisnotasignofpersonalweaknessoraconditionthatcanbewilledorwishedaway.Peoplewithadepressiveillnesscannotmerely"pullthemselvestogether"andgetbetter.Withouttreatment,symptomscanlastforweeks,months,oryears.Appropriatetreatment,however,canhelpmostpeoplewhosufferfromdepression.TypesofDepression

Depressivedisorderscomeindifferentforms,justasisthecasewithotherillnessessuchasheartdisease.Briefdescriptionsofthemostcommontypesofdepressivedisordersaregivenbelow.However,withinthesetypestherearevariationsinthenumberofsymptoms,theirseverity,andpersistence.

Majordepressionismanifestedbyacombinationofsymptoms(seesymptomlist)thatinterferewiththeabilitytowork,study,sleep,eat,andenjoyoncepleasurableactivities.Suchadisablingepisodeofdepressionmayoccuronlyoncebutmorecommonlyoccursseveraltimesinalifetime.

Alessseveretypeofdepression,dysthymia,involveslong-term,chronic(慢性的)symptomsthatdonotdisable,butkeeponefromfunctioningwellorfromfeelinggood.Manypeoplewithdysthymiaalsoexperiencemajordepressiveepisodesatsometimeintheirlives.

Anothertypeofdepressionisbipolardisorder.Notnearlyasprevalentasotherformsofdepressivedisorders,bipolardisorderischaracterizedbycyclingmoodchanges:severehighs(mania)andlows(depression).Sometimesthemoodswitchesaredramaticandrapid,butmostoftentheyaregradual.

Wheninthedepressedcycle,anindividualcanhaveanyorallofthesymptomsofadepressivedisorder.Wheninthemaniccycle,theindividualmaybeoveractive,over-talkative,andhaveagreatdealofenergy.Maniaoftenaffectsthinking,judgment,andsocialbehavior.inwaysthatcauseseriousproblemsandembarrassment.Forexample,theindividualinamanicphase(状态)mayfeelelated,fullofgrandschemesthatmightrangefromunwisebusinessdecisionstoromanticsprees(放纵).Mania,leftuntreated,mayworsentoapsychoticstate.

SymptomsofDepressionandMania

Noteveryonewhoisdepressedormanicexperienceseverysymptom.Somepeopleexperienceafewsymptoms,somemany.Severityofsymptomsvarieswithindividualsandalsovariesovertime.Depression

-Feelingsofhopelessness,pessimism

-Feelingsofguilt,worthlessness,helplessness

-Lossofinterestorpleasureinhobbiesandactivitiesthatwereonceenjoyed,includingsex

-Decreasedenergy,fatigue,being"sloweddown"

-Difficultyconcentrating,remembering,makingdecisions

-Insomnia,earlymorningawakening,oroversleepi

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Tothepointofweight,afatcalorieis______fromaproteincaloriebecausetheybothareunitsofenergy.

4.StudyStyles

Youknowwhetheryou'reamorningpersonoranightowl.Youknowwhetheryou'reapickyeaterofahumangarbagepail.Butdoyouknowifyoulearnbetterbyreadingorbyhearing?Ifyou'vesurvivedschoolsofar,youalreadyhavesomesortofstudyroutineforbetterorworse.Weaskedstudentsalloverthecountryforthelowdownontheirmethodsofoperations,andalsocollectedsomehard-wonadvice.Seeifyoucanrecognizeyourownpersonalstudymethodinthelistbelowandlearnhowtostudyeffectively.

TheDreamer

Youmaysayyou'restudying.Youmayevenlooklikeyou'restudying.Butyourmindisintheclouds.Yourtestperformanceseldomreflectsthoselonghoursyouspentatyourdesk,almoststudying.Kim,fromMontreal,says:"WhenIgettothelibrary,Iendupsittingthereandpeople-watching."Cindy,fromLafayette,Pennsylvania,says:"Personally,ItendtowriteeverythingdownonflashcardssoIcanquizmyselflater.EveryoneelsethinksthatI'llace(成绩为A)theexam,butsometimesIfindmyselfspendingsomuchtimewritingdowneverylittledetailthatIdon'thavetimetoactuallystudy."Warning:Ifyouspendalldaypretendingstudying,you'llpayallnightcrammingforreal.(Whatawasteofsocializingtime!)Thisyear'sresolution:Stayontargetbysettinggoals(LikefourchaptersbyWednesday)andaskingyourfriendstotestyou.Also,tuneintoyourinterests:Ifyoufindyourselfdrawingelaboratedoodlesinthemarginswhenyou'resupposedtobeanalyzingShakespeare,takedrawingclassesandsnapoutofyourdaydream.

TheGrind

Onelookatyoursockdrawer,meticulouslyarrangedinrainboworder,suggestscontrol-freaktendencies.Youneverfailtodoafixedamountofstudyingeacheveningandyourgoodgradesshowit.Youcautiouslyplotacoursetoconqueranunrulyassignment,andyourarelybreakyourroutine.Gretchen,fromChicago,describesherhard-coremethod:"Icompletelyorganizeallofmynotes.Then,beforeIdoanythingelse,IplanoutexactlyhowmanyhoursI'mgoingtostudyandhowlongIamgoingtotakebreaks.Inthisway,Ialwaysstayontask.IreadthroughmynotesandthenhighlightthethingsIdon'tknowwell,tocommitthemtomemory."Butshe'snotdoneyet!"ThenIreadmyassignmentsagainandtakenotesandstudythesenotesthesamewayIstudiedmyclassnotes."Sarah,fromScarsdale,NewYork,alsoconsidersherselfaworkerbee."Iplanmyworksothatthere'ssomethingIhavetodoeverynightoftheweek.Butwhenthere'satest,I'lldoallmyassignmentsbeforetryingtodoanoverview.StudyingcomeslastbecauseI'llwaituntilthelastminutetoeventrytoconcentratingonsomethingwithsolittlestructure."Warning:Whileyourself-disciplinewillserveyouwellincollege(orthemilitary),youmightwanttoaddmoreinspirationtoyourperspiration.Noamountofmemorization,orcolor-codingyournotebookswillhelpyouwriteanoriginal,opinionatedessayandyou'llbewritingplenty.Thisyear'sresolution:Varyyourroutineandthinkaboutyourowninsightsmore.Afterreadinganassignment,tryclosingyoureyesandrecallingwhatyoufoundinterestingbeforebuckling(扣住)downwithyourimpeccable(无瑕疵的)notes.Andifyou'vegotahalfhourtospareinyourstudyschedule,trysomethingmessyandcreative,likewritingapoem.

TheSocialStudier

You'rethekindwholearnsoutloud.Youyakyourwaytoenlightenment,sostudybuddiesareamust.Inschool,youremembermorefromhearingthelecturesthanfromdoingthereading.Roberta,fromPrinceton,NewJersey,says:"IwenttoastudycounselortofindoutthatIlearnbestbylistening.It'strue:UntilIhearsomethingoutloud,it'snotreallyrealtome.WhenI'mstudyingandIdon'tunderstandsomethinginourtextbook,I'llcallmyfriendstogetthescoop."Amy,fromEastLansing,Michi

A.knowwhetheryouareamorningpersonornot

B.learnwhetheryouareanexcellentstudent

C.form.somesortofstudyroutinesofyourown

D.learnhowtostudymoreeffectively

5.

Japanesefirmsarecompetingintheproductionofrobotsspecifically______.

A.usedincarfactories

B.usedinhospitals

C.helpingtheoldpeople

D.helpingtheschoolkids

6.

Assoonastheearthquakeended,peoplecangobackhomeimmediately.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

Thermiceffectoffoodcostsyou______ofallthecaloriesyouconsumeinaday.

8.Accordingtotheauthor,thevastmajorityofhumans______.

A.commitsomecrimesinlife

B.strugglehardbutfailtomakeendsmeet

C.generallysharethesamegoaloflife

D.havethesamelifestyle.regardlessofrace

9.

OneoftheresultsofthefrugalcultureinWal-Martisthat______.

A.storemanagersonlyhavetoworkhalf-day

B.employeesdon'tgethealthinsurance

C.hourlyworkersworkovertimewithpay

D.theheadquartersbuildingismodernized

10.

Thelivingstandardsofeverymemberofthesocietydependonhisorheremployers'abilityto______.

11.

Thesuccessofexpandingforeignmarketshaveinfluencedthedomesticculturalenvironmentaswellasthecountriesthathaveopenedtheirmediamarket.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

Intheyearswheninflationoutpaceswageincrease,manyfamiliesintheU.S.hardlygetby.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispartyouwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions,on,AnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

TheEastIndiaCompany

TheconceptofcorporationswasfirstestablishedunderancientRomanlaw.Butitwasn'tuntilEnglandemergedfromtheMiddleAgesthatitcreatedwhatwerecognizeasthemoderncorporatestructure.ItallbeganonDec.31,1600,whenQueenElizabethIgrantedachartertotheBritishEastIndiaCorporation,namingthecorporation"TheGovernorandCompanyofMerchantsofLondon,tradingwiththeEastIndies".ThecorporationconductedbusinessintheEastIndies(landthatwenowconsiderIndiaandtheMiddleEast)attheorderofthequeen.

TheEastIndiaCompanyestablishedafewmajorprecedentsformoderncorporations.Butitalsoshapedtheworldincountlessotherways.WithboththefinancialandmilitarysupportoftheCrown,theEICservedasaninstrumentofimperialism(帝国主义)forEngland.Thecompanyhaditsownprivatearmyandraisedsoldiersintheareasitconquered.Itsexpansionismspurredseveralwarsthatproducedatleasttwosovereignnations.Amongitsmanyclaimstofame(andnotoriety),theEICindirectlybuiltYaleUniversity,helpedcreatetwonationsandwastheworld's1o~rgestdrug-dealingoperationinthe18thcentury.

Thecompanywasruthless(无情的)initsquestforprofits.ParliamentevencalledtheEICtyrannical(残暴的).However,withouttheEIC,Englandmayhaveneverdevelopedintothenationitistoday.

TheCreationoftheEastIndiaCompany

WhentheBritishEastIndiaCompany(EIC)wasformedin1600,therewerealreadyotherEastIndiaCompaniesoperatingonbehalfofFrance,theNetherlands,SpainandPortugal.ThankstothenavalroutethatexplorerVascodaGamadiscovered,richesfromtheOrientwerepouringintoEurope.Withothernationsimportingfortunesingoodsandplunder,QueenElizabethdecidedEnglandshouldgetsome,too.SoshegrantedthecharterfortheEastIndiaCompany.

Thechartersheissuedcreatedthefirstofficialjoint-stockcorporation.Ajoint-stockcorporationiscomposedofinvestorswhoaregrantedsharesinacompany.InreturnfortheirinitialInvestments,shareholdersaregivendividends,orpercentages,ofthecompany'sprofitsbasedonthenumberofsharestheinvestorholds.

SharesanddividendswerenotnewConceptsin.England.TwentyyearspriortotheEIC'scharter,QueenElizabethwasalreadyamajorstakeholderInSirFrancisDrake'sship,theGoldenHind.Althoughit'snotcertainhowmuchshemadefromDrake'svoyagestotheNewWorld,thecaptainhimselfmadea5000percentreturnonhisinitialinvestment.

Soajoint-stockcorporationliketheoneQueenElizabethformedintheEastIndiaCompanywasn'tmuchofafinancialleap.Butitwasthefirstofitskind,andfollowingtheestablishmentoftheEIC,itsDutch,Frenchandothercompetitorsfollowedsuit.ButgrantingchartertotheEICwasn'ttheonlypartoftheprototypeformoderncorporationsthatQueenElizabethdevised.

Underthesupportofherroyalauthority,ElizabethalsolimitedtheliabilityoftheEIC'sinvestors-includinghers.Thismadethecompanytheworld'sfirstlimitedliabilitycorporation(abbreviatedasLLCintheUnitedStatesandLheUnitedKingdom).UnderanLLC,theinvestorsinacorporationaregrantedprotectionfromlosinganymoremoneythantheirinitialinvestmentsintheventure.Ifthecompanygoesunder,theinvestorsonlylosetheamo

A.fromearlyseventeenthcentury

B.fromtheMiddleAges

C.underancientRomanlaw

D.fromtheendingoftheindustrialrevolution

14.

ManyAmericanorganizationsgobankruptcybecauseofimitatingthecodeofJapanese.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

NowintheUnitedStates,about19millionpeoplearesufferingfrommentalillness.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

Coke'sadvertisingonceshowedayoungmandrawingaglassofCokefromoneofthecrockeryurnsthenusedto______.

17.ForpeoplewhoplantodependonUIforaperiodoftime,theyshouldperiodicallyinform.theunemploymentofficeabout______.

18.Whatdoresearchersthinkisthedriveformanyeverydaypreferences?

A.Thehastejudgment.

B.Themechanismofself-feedback.

C.Theinteractionwithothers.

D.Theexpectationforthefuture.

19.

Besidesthewayofthreadinganultrathinwirewithblood-flowsensors,anothernoninvasivewayofdetectingmicro-vasculardiseaseistouse______.

20.

PeoplecansendyoudatawithoutyourpermissionbecausetheBluetoothconnectionis______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.【B5】

22.听力原文：Hello,I'mCallumRobertsonandyou'relisteningtothemusicshowonFM106.5.IntheprogramtodayashislatestprojectrideshighintheUKalbumcharts,wefocusonDamonAlbarn,thedrivingforcebehindsuchbandsasBlur,Gorillaz,andnow,TheGood,TheBad&TheQueen.

DamonwasbornandbroughtupinLondonandwhileatcollegehestartedplayingmusicwithagroupwhowerelatertobecomeBlur.Theirfirstbigcommercialsuccesswasin1994withthistrack,ParkLife.Damonbecameoneofthemusiciansmostassociatedwiththemid-ninetiesmusicsceneknownasBrit-pop.Brit-popwastherevivalofguitar-basedrockpop,andforafewyearstherewasfiercecompetitionbetweenBlurandfellowBrit-popactOasis.OasisweretheroughworkingclassrockersandBlurwereseenasthein-telligentartschoolband.ThebattleoftheBrit-popbandswasonandthenumberonespotwastakenbyBlur.

Damon'snextcommercialventurewastheGorillaz.Thebandmemberswererepresentedbyfourcartooncharacterswhoallhadtheirowndistinctivecharactersandlifestorieswhichcanbefoundontheirwebsite.Theirfirstalbum2001'sGorillaz,soldover6millioncopiesandearnedthemanentryintheGuinnessBookofRecordsastheMostSuccessfulVirtualBand.

In2006Damonformedhiscurrentband,anameverysimilartothetitleofafilm,TheGood,TheBadandTheUglywhichstarredClintEastwood,afamousactoranddirector.ThebandreleasedtheirfirstsingleinOctoberlastyear.

ToendhereisDamon'sfavoritetrack,NorthWhale.

(33)

A.Blur.

B.TheGood,TheBadandTheUgly.

C.Gorillaz.

D.TheGood,TheBad&TheQueen.

23.

【B3】

24.听力原文：W:IhavebeenwonderingwhatsortofclothesIamgoingtowearformyvisittoLondon.What'stheweatherusuallylikeinyourcountryinJuly?

M:It'snotsobad.Generallyspeaking,therearemorerainydaysinSeptember.Butwhenyoucomehere,itwillbeveryhumidratherthancold.

Q:WhatwilltheweatherbelikeinLondoninJuly?

(14)

A.Itwillberainy.

B.Itwillbecold.

C.Itwillbemoistandhot.

D.Itwillbeverypleasant.

25.(21)

A.Exercisingtheentirebody.

B.Havingyourbloodpressuretakendaily.

C.Losingweightpriortoexercising.

D.Weighinginbeforeeachexercisesession.

26.听力原文：W:Thisisourrock-bottomprice,Mr.Li.Wecan'tmakeanyfurtherconcessions.

M:Ifthat'sthecase,there'snotmuchpointinfurtherdiscussion.Wemightaswellcancelthewholedeal.

Q:Whatarethemanandthewomandoing?

(18)

A.Theyareattendingaconcert

B.Theyarenegotiatingaboutaprice.

C.Theyareplanningtogoforadate.

D.Theyarebuyingsomethingfortheirfirm.

27.(29)

A.Peoplearebecomingcrazy.

B.Somekindsofdangeroussportsisnotpopularasbefore.

C.Thereasonwhypeoplenowadaystakepartinsomedangeroussports.

D.Bungeejumpingisdifferentfromotherdangeroussports.

28.【B4】

29.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Today,airtravelisfarsaferthandrivingacaronabusymotorway.Butthereisadangerthatgrowseveryyear.Fromthemomentanairplanetakesofftothemomentitlands,everymovementiswatchedonradarscreens.Air-trafficcontrollerstellthepilotexactlywhentoturn,whentoclimbandwhentocomedown.Theair-trafficcontrollersaroundabusyairportmayhandle1,000planesaday.Anyplanethatfliesneartheairportcomesundertheordersofthecontrollersthere.Evenasmallmistakeontheirpartcouldcauseadisaster.Recently,suchadisasteralmosthappened,Twolargejetswereflyingtowardstheairport.Onewascarry?g69passengersandhadcomefromToronto.Theotherwascarrying176passengersfromChicago.Anair-trafficcontrollernoticedonhisradarscreenthatthetwoplanesweretooclosetoeachother.Heorderedonetoturntotherightandtoclimb.Buthemadeamistake.Heorderedthewrongplanetodothis.So,insteadofturningawayfromthesecondplane,thefirstplaneturnedtowardsit.Fifteensecondslater,itflewdirectlyinfrontofthesecondplane.Theyavoidedeachotherbythesmallestpartofasecond.Thedistancebetweenthemwaslessthanthatofalargeswimmingpool.Thisisanexampleofthedangerthatgrowseveryyear.

(27)

A.Crowdedairtraffic.

B.Thelargesizeofairplanes.

C.Mistakesbyairtrafficcontrollers.

D.Badweather.

30.

【B7】

31.(24)

A.Becauseit'sdark.

B.Becauseitmakesherthink.

C.Becausetherearetwo-dimensionalcharactersinit.

D.Becausethedialoguesinitaresuperficial.

32.

【B4】

33.听力原文：M:Hasanythingimportantcomeupyet?

W:Yes,Mr.Smithcalledaboutfifteenminutesago.Heaskedmetohaveyoucallhimbetween10:30and12:00ifit'sconvenientforyou,otherwisehewillcallbackthisafternoon.Ijottedhisphonenumberdownonyourmemopad.

Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?

(15)

A.Mr.Smithwillcomethisafternoon.

B.ThemanwillprobablycallMr.Smith.

C.Mr.Smithcame15minutesago.

D.Mr.Smithcamebetween10:30and12:00

34.

【B9】

35.(19)

A.Sheshouldpresenthimabookonmusic.

B.Theteacherhassomeinterestsotherthanreading.

C.It'sagoodideabecausetheteacherlovesreading.

D.Theteacherwouldliketohaveabookonlanguageteaching.

36.

【B10】

37.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：W:Didyouseethecollegenewspaper?Theywriteaboutourvoterregistrationcampaign.

M:Idid.Maybeit'llsparksomeinterestoncampus.Withoutmorevolunteerswe'llnevermeetourgoal.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(12)

A.Theydon'thaveroomforanymorevolunteers.

B.Hehopesthestorywillraisemoneyforthenewspaper.

C.Morepeopleneedtogetinvolvedinthecampaign.

D.Voterregistrationiscontroversialoncampus.

38.

【B6】

39.(25)

A.He'slateforsocialoccasionsbutnotforwork.

B.He'saquietpersonbutlikestomakegrandentrances.

C.Heexpectsotherstobeontimebutisusuallylatehimself.

D.Helosespayforbeinglatetoworkbutdoesn'tseemtomind.

40.

【B11】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.Accordingtothepassage,whendidHerakleionandEasternCanopusdisappear?

42.

Whydoestheauthorsaythatstringandtinfoilaretreasures?

A.Thewarhasmadethemscarce.

B.Theyareusefultosixteen-year-olds.

C.Helikedthemwhenhewassixteen.

D.Peopleareverywasteful,

43.

WhendidtheNeanderthalsextinct?

A.Morethan30,000yearsago.

B.After30,000yearsago.

C.Beforeabout35,000yearsago.

D.Some13,000to14,000yearsago.

44.

SomeAmericanstrytomakethemselvesfeellessguiltybyattributingthepovertyoftheworkingpeopleto______.

45.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat______.

A.Dr.Chiuwillberememberedforhisspecialcontribution

B.thetrackingofalldocumentsmightresultincontroversies

C.AmericanSecretServiceisheavilyfinancingDr.Chiu'sresearch

D.printermanufacturersarereluctanttoimplementdeliberatebanding

46.

Tobeelectedas______wasClinton'sfirstsuccessfulstepofpoliticalcareer.

47.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Anaccidentaldiscoveryhasbroughtseismologists(地震学家)onestepclosertobeingabletopredictearthquakes.Aspartofanunrelatedefforttomeasureundergroundchangescausedbyshiftsinbarometricpressure(大气压力),ateamofresearchersfoundthatincreasesinsubterraneanpressure(地下压力)precededearthquakesalongCalifornia'sSanAndreasFault(断层)byasmuchas10hours.Iffollow-uptestsadvancethefindings,seismologistsmayeventuallybeabletoprovideafewhours'noticeforpeopletofindsafeplacespriortoquakes.

Researchersusedahigh-techequivalentofastereospeakerloweredintoaboreholenearParkfield,Calif.,ahalf-miledeepandfiveyardsfromameasuringdevice.Fortwomonthsbeginninginlate2005,researcherstransmittedpulsesignalsthreetimespersecond,fromthespeakertothemeasuringdevice,calculatingtraveltimebetweenthetwostations.Surprisedscientistslearnedtheseismicwavessloweddramaticallyononlytwooccasions:twohourspriortoamagnitude-1temblor(地震),andastartling10hoursbeforeamagnitude-3quake.

Theresearchteamtheorizesthattheimmenseamountofpressurebuildingalongthefaultcausessmallcrackswithintherockduringthefinalhoursbeforeanearthquake,increasingrockdensityandslowingthetransmissionsignals."Themorecracksyouhave,theslowertheseismicvelocity,"saysstudyco-authorPaulSilver,ageophysicistwiththeCarnegieInstitutionofWashington.Stillunknowniswhetherthereisanysignificancetothefactthatthemagnitude-3quakehadamuchlongerpre-seismicsignalthanthelower-magnitudequake,orwhetheritwassimplybecauseitsmagnitudewaslargeranditsepicenterclosertothesensors.

Ifscientistscanfleshoutthenewfindingsduringfutureearthquakes—atwo-yearstudyatthesameseismicallyactivelocationbeginsthisSeptember—itcouldform.thebasisofavastlyimprovedearly-warningsystemforquakes.Currentearthquake-warningsystemsgivejustafewseconds'noticebecausetheydetectonlywaves,thefast-movingseismicwavesthatprecedethemoredestructivewavesreleasedduringaquake.Upgradingtoaseismicstressmeter,however,isstillalongwayof{.Researchershopetotestwhetherthestresssignalswouldstillbedetectableonalargerscale,withthetwosensorsspacedmorethanafewyardsapart.

Barringamajorefforttodrillmultiple,half-mile-deepholesalongfaultlines,researcherswouldalsoneedtodevelopasurface-baseddetectionsystemcapableoffilteringouttemperatureswingsandother"noise"thatcouldconfusetheirseismicreadings.

Thepassagemainlytellsusabout______.

A.theimportanceofpredictingearthquakes

B.anewmethodtopredictearthquakes

C.thegreatdamagescausedbyearthquakes

D.atraditionalmethodtopredictearthquakes

48.

Therailwaybylawsmostprobablyreferto______.

A.newspaperspublishedbyrailwaycompany

B.lengthyregulationsoftherailwaycompany

C.boringadvertisementsaboutuselessproducts

D.cheerfulandwittyadvertisementsonthestation

49.

TheresearcherswouldmostprobablyagreewiththefollowingEXCEPT______.

A.prisonsshouldchangetheirpresentpractice

B.schoolshouldchangetheirconceptsofself-esteem

C.thetraditionviewisbeginningtoloseground

D.self-esteemshouldbepromotedandencouraged

50.WhatdowelearnaboutAndrewBenton'sworkexperience?

A.Hehasnowanunsteadyjobwithoutcorporatewelfarebenefits.

B.WithoutaPh.D.,hewasatadisadvantagewhenapplyingforjob.

C.Hegaveupthechancetotakeatraditionalcorporatejob.

D.Ittakesaboutfouryearsforhimtorealizewhathewantstobe.

51.

Bysayingthat"Cokehashardlybeensittingonitsthumbs",theauthormeansthat______.

A.itisimpossibleforCoketobeindifferenttothesituation

B.itisdifficultforCoketogetoutofthefailuresandreversethesituation

C.Cokecan'tbethebestforeveranditislosingitssharetoPepsi

D.Cokehasrealizedthatitshouldlearnfromotherstoimproveitself

52.Lifeonearthdependsonwater,andthereisnosubstituteforit.Thecurrentassumptionisthatourbasicneedsforwater-whetherfordrinking,agriculture,industryortheraisingoffish-willalwayshavetobemet.Giventhatpremise,therearetwobasicrouteswecango:moreequitable(平衡的)accesstowaterormoredrasticengineeringsolutions.

Lookingattheengineeringsolutionfirst,alotofmyresearchconcentrat