系统解剖学-附肢骨课件

TheBonesofLimbs附肢骨

医学生学习网

目的和要求

1.掌握上肢带骨、自由上肢骨、下肢带骨、自由下肢骨的位置和形态及上、下肢骨的重要体表标志2.了解腕骨、掌骨、指骨及跗骨、跖骨、趾骨的位置和排列Theappendicularskeleton(附肢骨）thebriefintroductionIncludethebonesofupperlimbsandlowerlimbs.Becauseoftheerectstanding,theupperlimbsarereleasedfromweightbearingandbecometheorgansoflabourwithgreateranddelicatedmobility.sothatthebonesofupperlimbsarelighterandsmallerinshapeandsize.thebonesoflowerlimbsareveryheavyandstrong.

Clavicle（锁骨）“S”shaped,medial2/3convexforwardandlateral1/3convexbackwardSternalend胸骨端mediallyandacromialend肩峰端laterally

上面观下面观

Theweakestpartoftheclavicleisatthejunctionofthemiddleandlateralthirds

骨折部位Threeborders:Superiorborder:(上缘）scapularnotch肩胛切迹coracoidprocess喙突Medial

(vertebral)

border

脊柱缘Lateral(axillary)border

腋缘Superior:oppositetothe2ndrib

Inferior:oppositetothe7thribor7thintercostalsspaceLateral:glenoidcavity关节盂supra-andinfraglenoidtubercles盂上、下结节Threeangles:SuperiorInferiorLateral

Thehumerusisthelongestandlargestboneoftheupperlimb.Ithasabody

andtwoends

Upperend:headofhumerus肱骨头anatomicalneck解剖颈greaterandlessertubercles

大、小结节surgicalneck外科颈(易骨折)Thehumerus（肱骨）Shaft:1.deltoidtuberosity三角肌粗隆onlateralsurface2.asulcusforradialnerve桡神经沟

onposteriorsurface(肱骨中断骨折容易伤及桡神经引起垂腕)capitulum肱骨小头Trochlea肱骨滑车coronoidfossa冠突窝radialfossa桡窝

olecranonfossa鹰嘴窝

lateralandmedialepicondyles内、外上髁sulcusfor

ulnarnerve尺神经沟Lowerend:Fractureofthedistalendoftheradius

Ulnar尺骨Upperend:

olecranon鹰嘴

coronoidprocess

冠突

trochlearnotch滑车切迹

radialnotch

桡切迹ulnartuberosity尺骨粗隆

Lowerend

:

styloidprocess尺骨茎突headofulna尺骨头BonesofLowerLimb

Composition:

Pelvicgirdle:hipbone髋骨Bonesoffreelowerlimb:inthighFemur股骨(patella髌骨)inlegTibia胫骨andfibula腓骨infootTarsals跗骨,metatarsals跖骨,phalangesoftoes趾骨threecomponents:

ilium髂骨Ischium坐骨pubis耻骨Hipbone(髋骨)

Theischium(坐骨)Bodyofischium

坐骨体

toformposteriorandinferior2/5ofacetabulumischialspine坐骨棘lessersciaticnotch坐骨小切迹Ramusofischium

坐骨支

ischialtuberosity坐骨结节

Pubis

(耻骨)

Bodyofpubis

耻骨体―toformanteriorandinferior1/5ofacetabulum,iliopubiceminence髂耻隆起Superiorramusofpubis

耻骨上支:

pectenofpubis

耻骨梳pubictubercle耻骨结节pubiccrest耻骨嵴symphysialsurface耻骨联合面Inferiorramusofpubis耻骨下支:obturatorforamen闭孔

ThefemuristhelongestandheaviestboneinthebodyandconsistsofashaftandtwoendsThefemur(股骨)femoralhead股骨头foveaoffemoralhead股骨头凹neckoffemur股骨颈（易骨折）greatertrochanter大转子lessertrochanter小转子intertrochantericline转子间线intertrochantericcrest转子间嵴

Upperend:Fractureofthefemoralnecklineaaspera粗线glutealtuberosity臀肌粗隆pectinealline耻骨肌线

poplitealsurface腘面

Shaftmedialcondyles内侧髁lateralcondyles外侧髁medialepicondyle内上髁lateralepicondyle外上髁adductortubercle

收肌结节intercondylarfossa髁间窝patellarsurface髌面

Lowerend

Tibia

胫骨Upperend:

medial

and

lateralcondyles内外侧髁

intercondylareminence髁间隆起fibulararticularsurface腓关节面

tuberosityoftibia胫骨粗隆

Shaft:

interosseousborder骨间缘solealline比目鱼肌线Lowerend:

fibularnotch腓切迹medialmalleolus

内踝

Fibula(腓骨)Upperend:fibular

head腓骨头

neckoffibula腓骨颈Shaft:

interosseousborder骨间缘Lowerend:

lateralmalleolus外踝Patella髌骨triangularsesamoidbone腓骨颈骨折损伤腓神经引起的“马蹄内翻足”Tarsalbones

跗骨（7）

距跟舟三楔骰Metatarsalbones跖骨（5）Phalangesoftoes趾骨（14）

4.足骨：跟骨距骨足舟骨楔骨跖骨趾骨骰骨包括7块跗骨TarsalB、5块跖骨MetatarsalB、和14块趾骨PhalangesofToes。Question

theclavicleandthescapula.

上页下页

1．Whatbonesmakeupthes