云南省昆明市2021届高三模拟考试（三模）英语试题

第页,共页第18页,共18页第页,共页云南省昆明市2021届高三模拟考试（三模）英语试题第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。1.

​Sugarhasbeenlinkedtoseriousdiseaseslikeheartdisease,diabetesandevencancer,whichiswhyit'svitaltocutdownonfoodsanddrinksthatarehighinsugar.Takealookatthedrinksthatcontainasurprisingamountofhiddensugarsandwhatyoushouldbeeatinginstead.

​Fruitjuices

​Whilefruitjuicescancontainsomeimportantvitaminsandminerals,theyaretypicallyfullofsugar.Unfortunately,thefiberthatfruitnaturallycontainsandthathelpsthebodykeepbloodsugarstablehasalsobeenremoved.Tokeepbloodsugarlevelsfromrisingsharply,choosetoeatwholefruitswheneverajuicedesirecomesalong.

​Sportsdrinks

​Sportsdrinksmightseemliketheperfectchoiceforhydrationwhileexercising,buttheycontainahighamountofaddedsugarsastheyweredesignedforathletesduringfierceandlongperiodsofactivity.Theonlypeoplewhoactuallybenefitfromsportsdrinksareprofessionalathletesormarathoners.Unlessthat'syou,juststicktoplainwater.

​Flavoredcoffees

​Flavoredcoffeesaredelicious,buttheycontainhiddensugarsastheyoftenrelyonartificialsyrups(糖浆)forflavoring.Alargeflavoredcoffeeatsomecoffeechainshasupto25teaspoonsofsugar.Youcanstillenjoyyourmorningcupofcoffee.Juststicktounflavoredandunsweetenedversionsandavoidcreamershighinsugar.

​Icedteas

​Icedteascanbeextremelyrefreshingonahotday,butthey'retypicallyover-sweetenedwithsugarorsyrups.Somebrandsoficedteaactuallycontainasurprising33gramsofsugarina355-milliliterserving.So,lookforicedteaswithoutanyaddedsugarormakeyourownathomesoyoucansavemoneyandcontrolwhatgoesintoit.

(1)Howdofruitjuicesbenefitpeople?

A.Theyprovidenecessaryminerals.

B.Theyrefuelpeopleduringsports.

C.Theyenergizepeopleinthemorning.

D.Theyrefreshpeopleonhotdays.(2)Whatarecommonpeopleadvisedtohavewhileexercising?

A.Fruitjuices.

B.Flavoredcoffees.

C.Naturalwater.

D.Icedteas.(3)What'sthepurposeofthetext?

A.Tointroducefournutritiousdrinks.

B.Todiscusstheadvantagesofdrinks.

C.Tosharewaystomakedrinksathome.

D.Towarmreadersagainsthigh-sugardrinks.2.

​

I'dneverheardoftheyangqin-an18thcenturyChinesestringedinstrument-untilthispastSunday,whenIhadthepleasureofhearingEastmangraduateandmusicperformerZhangWenzhuoperformonitinavirtualconcert.

​Wenzhuo,aChinesenative,beganhertrainingontheyangqinatagefive.Whenshewasonly13,WenzhuowasawardedascholarshiptotheArtsSchoolofHebeiProvince;thehighlycompetitiveprogramonlyacceptedasingleyangqinstudenteverytwoyears.Aftergraduation,sheplacedfirstinnationwidecompetitionsandwasadmittedintotheNationalAcademyofChineseTheatreArtsinBeijing,whereshewasawardedherbachelor'sinyangqinperformancein2005.SheobtainedherdoctoratefromBostonUniversityinmusiceducationin2015andstudiedethnomusicologyatEastmanfrom2017to2019.Wenzhuohasperformedwithcountlessorchestrasandgroupsofmusiciansandwoncountlessawardsforherperformances.

​BeforeWenzhuoperformedonheryangqin,shepresentedabriefhistoricalbackgroundoftheinstrument'sorigin,anddiscusseditscontinuedusageuptothepresentday.Determinedbymusicologiststobebasedonthesimilarly-structuredEnglishhammereddulcimer(大扬琴),theyangqinwasfirstusedinChinesefolkmusicperformanceandoperas.Astimewenton,performancesbegantobesponsoredbythecountry,andyangqinperformersweregivenapathtohigherlevelsofsocialmobility.

​Wenzhuoperformedfourpieces,threetracingtheiroriginstocenturies'oldChinesecomposers,andonefromthemodernera.Needlesstosay,Wenzhuo'sperformancessoundedfantastic.Theyangqinisauniqueandbeautifulinstrumentanditssound,coupledwithWenzhuo'smusicalability,allowedthefourgreatlydifferingpiecestostandtogetherasawonderfulintroductiontotheinstrument.

ItwasfascinatingtolearnabouttheyangqinandajoytowatchWenzhuoperformonit.

(1)WhatcanwelearnaboutZhangWenzhuo?

A.Shehasbeentrainedfor13years.

B.Shetoppedmanycompetitions.

C.ShestudiedethnomusicologyinBoston.

D.ShebecameabacheloratEastman.

(2)Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Wenzhuo'spersonalities.

B.Wenzhuo'snationality.

C.Wenzhuo'scontributions.

D.Wenzhuo'sschooling.(3)WhatmadeWenzhuo'sperformancesfantastic?

A.Herhighlevelofsocialmobility.

B.Herknowledgeoftheinstrument.

C.Hergiftandthecharmoftheyangqin.

D.Herunderstandingofdifferentcultures.

(4)Howdoestheauthorsoundtowardtheyangqin?

A.Favorable.

B.Curious.

C.Strange.

D.Cold.3.

​Bangladesh'sfloatinggardens,builttogrowfoodduringfloodseasons,couldofferacontinuoussolutionforpartsoftheworldwhicharelikelytosufferfromfloodingbecauseofclimatechange,anewstudyhasfound.

​Bangladesh'sfloatinggardensbeganhundredsofyearsago.Thegardensaremadefromnativeplantsthatfloatintheriversandoperatealmostlikerafts(筏),risingandfillingwiththewaters.Historically,theywereusedtocontinuegrowingfoodduringrainyseasonswhenriverswerefilledwithwater.

​Thefarmerslayertheplantsaboutthreefeetdeep,creatingaversionofraised-bedgardensthatfloatinthewater.Then,theyplantvegetablesinsidethoserafts.Astheraft-plantsrotaway,theyreleasenutrients,whichhelpfeedthevegetableplants.

​Butasclimatechangeaffectedthevolumeofwaterinthoserivers,theresearcherswantedtounderstandwhetherBangladesh'sfloatinggardenscouldbeacontinuousfarmingpractice.Theyinterviewedfarmingfamiliesandfoundstrongevidencethatfloatinggardensprovidestability,bothintheamountoffoodavailabletofeedruralpopulationsandinafarmingfamily'sincome.

​Theyfoundthatfarmerstypicallyusehybrid(杂交)seeds,whichmustberepurchasedeachyear,togrowadiverserangeofvegetablesinthefloatinggardens.Thegardensarealsosensitivetopests,sofarmersendupspendingsomemoneyonbothpesticidesandfertilizers.Butevenwiththoseexpenses,theyfound,benefitsoutweighedcosts.Onefarmertoldtheresearchteamthatheearnsuptofourtimesasmuchmoneyfromthegardensasfromtraditionalricefields.

​However,beforegainingprofits,farmersoftentakeouthigh-interestloans(贷款)tocovertheinvestmentcostsoffillingthebedsandstockingthemwithplants.Luckily;therearealsolower-interestloansfromresponsiblegovernmentornon-governmentalorganizations,whichcouldeasethatburden.

(1)Howdovegetableplantsgrowaccordingtothetext?

A.Byabsorbingnutritionfromraft-plants.

B.Bytakingshelterfromclimatechange.

C.Bylivingtogetherwithhybridseeds.

D.Bymovingupanddownwithraisedbeds.

(2)Whatmightbeareplyfromfarmingfamiliesinterviewed?

A.“Ourlifebecomestoughwhenriversflood.”

B.“Fewervegetablesareplantedwhenwaterrises.”

C.“Weharvestmuchmorefoodduringrainyseasons.”

D.“Climatechangehaslittleinfluenceonourincome.”

(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“outweighed”inparagraph5mean?

A.Affected.

B.Brought.

C.Beat.

D.Equaled.(4)Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

A.Asolutiontoclimateproblemhasbeenfound.

B.Thegardensarebuiltwithrottednativeplants.

C.Farmersearnmorefromtraditionalricefields.

D.Low-interestloanslightenthestressoffarmers.4.

​ChinahasjustofficiallyopeneditsFASTradiotelescopetointernationalscientists.Scientistsacrosstheworldcansubmitproposalsforastronomicalobservationsusingthetelescope.

​FASTisshortforFive-hundred-meterApertureSphericalTelescope(球面射电望远镜)anditisalsobelievedtobetheworld'slargestradiotelescopeandthemostsensitivesingle-dishradiotelescope.ThereceivingsurfaceareaofFASTis250,000squaremeters,aboutthesizeof30standardfootballfields.ItsconstructionwascompletedinSeptember2016anditofficiallybeganoperatinginJanuary2020.

​Themajorscientifictaskofthetelescopeistheobservationofpulsars(脉冲星)–therotatingneutronstars.Thestudyofpulsarscanhelptoconfirmtheexistenceofgravitationalradiationandblackholes,andhelpsolvemanyothermajorquestionsinphysics.AnotherscientificgoalofFASTistosearchforouterspacecivilization.

​ThetelescopeislocatedinanaturallydeepandroundkarstdepressioninsouthwestChina'sGuizhouProvince.Thefirstadvantageoftheselectedsiteisthealtitude.TheaveragealtitudeofGuizhouisabout1,100meters,whichmaximizestheeffectivenessoftheobservationequipment.Secondly,theradiotelescopeneedstohavea"bigpan"toreceivebettersignal.Thehugenaturaldepressioncouldreducetheamountofexcavation(挖掘)anddifficultyofconstruction.Moreover,theselectedsiteinGuizhouisfarawayfromcities,andhasasmallpopulation,whichreducestheinterference(干扰)causedbywirelessdevicessuchasTVs,mobilephonesandradiosfromhumanactivities.

​FASThasidentifiedover300pulsars.Expertspredictthatthenumbercouldreach1,000infiveyearsandthatthetelescopecouldlocateandidentifythefirstpulsaroutsidethegalaxy.Withtheopening-uptointernationalscientists,China'sFASTisexpectedtomakemorecontributiontoastronomicalresearchinthefuture.

(1)WhatdoweknowaboutFAST?

A.Itisopenedtoglobalscientists.

B.Itisaprojectunderconstruction.

C.Ithasprovidedservicesince2016.

D.Ithasfoundapulsaroutsidethegalaxy.

(2)WhatisthemaintaskofFAST?

A.Tostudyblackholes.

B.Toobservethepulsars.

C.Toexplorethesun.

D.Toseekspacecivilization.(3)What'sspecialabouttheselectedsite?

A.It'sclosetourbanareas.

B.Itreducesengineeringamount.

C.Itpossessesashallowdepression.

D.It'satthehighestaltitudeinChina.(4)Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.MajorScientificTasksofFAST

B.WaystoSelecttheSiteforFAST

C.ContributionsFASTHasMade

D.FactsaboutFASTRadioTelescope第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项多余选项。5.HowtoShowMaturity

​Sometimesit'sfuntobeakid,butothertimesyouwanttoshowthatyoucanbemature.Maturitycanbeasignpostofmovingfromchildhoodtoadulthood.

​Maturityisnotasetofrulesorexpectations,butitisaconcept.Herearesomewaystohelpyoubecomemature.

​●Livebyyourvalues.Maturityincludesmakingdecisionsbasedonyourvaluesandmorals,insteadofwhatfeelsgoodatthemoment.

​Letyourcharactermasteryourdesires.Showpeoplethatyouarewillingtoliveoutyourvalues,evenifitpresentsminorinconveniencestoyou.

​●

​Whenyouwereyounger,yourschedulewasmadeforyou:youwenttoschoolorsportsordance.Now,youmayhavemoreabilitytomakeyourownschedule.Whenyousayyouwilldosomething,doit.Evenifitisn'tyourideaoffun,showpeoplethattheycancountonyouandthatyouarereliable.

​●Treatpeoplewithrespect.Respectbuildstrustandsupportinarelationship.Makesureyoutreatotherswiththesamerespect,whetheritisyourparents,friendsorromanticpartner.

​

​●Admityourdisadvantages.

​Don'tblameotherpeoplefortheproblemsinyourlife.Allrelationshipsareinteractional,meaningthatyoubothcontributetohowyoufeelandwhathappens.It'smucheasiertoblamepeopleforhowbadyoufeel,butrecognizeyourrole,andtakeresponsibilityforyouractions.

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第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。6.

​Over48,000orangetreesspreadallcornersofSeville,Spain.Theynotonlyfillthecity'sairwiththe

1​

smelloforangeflowersinspring,butalso

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over16,500tonsoffruiteverywinter.ThoughthatgivesSevillethe

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ofbeingEurope'stoporange-producingcity,thefruitistoosourtobe

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fresh.Whilesomeorangesareusedtomakejamandalcohol,mostofthem

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landfills(垃圾填埋场).Orangesarea

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forthecity.However,thatmaychangesoonthankstoanideaofusingtheorangestoproducecleanenergy

7​.

​Theprogramis

8​bythecity'scouncilandparksdepartment.Juice

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fromorangeswillbelefttoferment(发酵)inanexistingbiogasequipment.Thegasreleasedfromthefermentedliquidwillbeusedto

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amachinetoproducecleanenergy.Theofficialsthinkit'snotjustabout

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moneyandtheysayorangesare

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producingextravaluefromwaste.

​Inthefirstperiodofa(n)

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,1000kilosorangesproduced50kWhofcleanenergy—enoughto

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thedailyelectricityneedsoffivehomes.Ifit's

15​,by2023,thecityhopestorecyclealltheoranges.Ifallthefruitis

16​,itwillproduceenoughenergytopowerasmanyas73,000people.

​Thisprojectwillhelptoreachthe

17​forreducingpollutionandthefightagainstclimatechange.Thelatest

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isamongthemanyplansacrossSpainto

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thecountry'sgoalofswitchingitselectricitysystemto

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sourcesby2050.

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A.pleasant

B.natural

C.familiar

D.strange(2)

A.attract

B.distribute

C.bear

D.collect(3)

A.moment

B.pride

C.state

D.dream(4)

A.protected

B.sold

C.picked

D.consumed(5)

A.gobackto

B.breakawayfrom

C.endupin

D.giveinto(6)

A.problem

B.relief

C.bid

D.strength(7)

A.traditionally

B.creatively

C.briefly

D.slightly(8)

A.conducted

B.abandoned

C.measured

D.recorded(9)

A.purified

B.sought

C.obtained

D.discovered(10)

A.fix

B.drive

C.wash

D.design(11)

A.spending B.earning

C.counting

D.saving(12)

A.urgently

B.occasionally

C.extremely

D.actually(13)

A.experiment

B.experience

C.competition

D.performance(14)

A.expand

B.satisfy

C.survey

D.remove(15)

A.complex

B.flexible

C.successful

D.simple(16)

A.displayed

B.ordered

C.eaten

D.recycled(17)

A.standards

B.targets

C.conclusions

D.agreements(18)

A.effort

B.proof

C.invention

D.style(19)

A.oppose

B.limit

C.interrupt

D.achieve(20)

A.repeated

B.readapted

C.renewable

D.reserved第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。7.

​TheNobelPrizeisthemostfamoushonorintheworld.TheprizeswerefirstawardedonDecember10,1901.ThatwasfiveyearsafterthedeathofAlfredNobel,the

​(create)oftheprizes.Formanyyears,prizeswereawardedinphysics,chemistry,medicine,literature,andpeace.A

​(six)awardforeconomicswascreatedin1968.

​MarieCuriewasthefirstwoman

​(receive)theaward,in1903inphysics.She

​(share)theawardwithherhusbandandanotherscientist.In1911,shewasawardedtheprizeinchemistry.CurieisoneoftheonlytwopeopleevertowinNobelPrizesindifferentareas.

​(surprising),herdaughterIrenealsowontheNobelPrizeinchemistry.Theyweretheonlymother-daughterpairtohavewontheprize.

​Theprizecommitteesaremadeup

​famousscholarsandscientists.Nobelprizewinners

​(choose)verycarefully.Thevotingistopsecret.PrizesarepresentedtothewinnerseveryyearonDecember10.Theprizewinnersaresomeofthemostimportantpeopleintheworld.

​(win)theawardhelpsthemcontinuetheirwork.TheNobelFoundationawardscash,adiploma

​agoldmedaltoeachprizewinner.Thecashamountchangesbasedon

​itisgiventooneindividualorsharedamongagroupofpeople.

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第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）8.

​假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

​增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(A),并在其下面写出该加的词。

​删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

​修改:在错的词下划-横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

​注意:​1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

​2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

​Ihavehadthepleasureofmeetinganiceneighborsincemyfamilymovetothenewcommunity.Weusualjustwavedandsaid"hi"whenwemet.Therefore,anincidentchangedthis.Theotherday,aheavierrainhitourarea.Withstrongwindsblowingthroughouttheday,apartofhiswoodenfence,about6footofit,camedown.WhenIwaswonderingwhattogetitrepaired,hegavemeahand.Withhishelp,thefencewasfixedquickly.ItwaskindactbymyneighborandIwastouchingbyhiskindness.Iwillsoonsendtohimathank-younote.

第二节书面表达（满分25分）9.

​假定你是李华，你的网友Peter对你校即将举行的高中毕业纪念活动很感兴趣，请给他写封邮件介绍此次活动，内容包括：

1.时间；

2.形式；

3.意义。

注意:

​1.词数100左右；

​2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

​

​

​

参考答案1

(1)【答案】A

【解析】:细节理解题。根据Fruitjuices中第一句“Whilefruitjuicescancontainsomeimportantvitaminsandminerals,theyaretypicallyfullofsugar.(虽然果汁含有一些重要的维生素和矿物质，但它们通常富含糖。)”可知，果汁提供必要的矿物质，这对人们的身体有好处。故选A。

(2)【答案】C

【解析】:推理判断题。根据Sportsdrinks中“Sportsdrinksmightseemliketheperfectchoiceforhydrationwhileexercising,buttheycontainahighamountofaddedsugarsastheyweredesignedforathletesduringfierceandlongperiodsofactivity.(运动饮料似乎是运动时补水的完美选择，但它们含有大量的添加糖，因为它们是为在激烈和长时间运动时的运动员设计的。)”和“Unlessthat'syou,juststicktoplainwater.(除非你是运动员，若不是，那就喝白开水吧。)”可推知，普通人运动后建议喝天然水。故选C。

(3)【答案】D

【解析】:推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Sugarhasbeenlinkedtoseriousdiseaseslikeheartdisease,diabetesandevencancer,whichiswhyit'svitaltocutdownonfoodsanddrinksthatarehighinsugar.Takealookatthedrinksthatcontainasurprisingamountofhiddensugarsandwhatyoushouldbeeatinginstead.（糖与心脏病、糖尿病甚至癌症等严重疾病有关，这就是为什么减少含糖量高的食物和饮料至关重要的原因。看看那些含有惊人数量的隐藏糖的饮料，看看你应该吃些什么。)”可知，本文介绍了几种含糖量很高的饮料，以此来建议人们不要喝含糖量高的饮料，尽量远离这些饮料。故选D。2

(1)【答案】B

【解析】:细节理解题。根据第二段“Aftergraduation,sheplacedfirstinnationwidecompetitionsandwasadmittedintotheNationalAcademyofChinese.(毕业后，她在全国比赛中获得第一名，并被中国戏曲学院录取)”以及“Wenzhuohasperformedwithcountlessorchestrasandgroupsofmusiciansandwoncountlessawardsforherperformances.（文卓曾与无数管弦乐队和音乐家团体合作演出，并获得无数奖项。)”可知，她在很多比赛中名列前茅，故选B项。

(2)【答案】D

【解析】:段落大意题。根据第二段“Whenshewasonly13,WenzhuowasawardedascholarshiptotheArtsSchoolofHebeiProvince;thehighlycompetitiveprogramonlyacceptedasingleyangqinstudenteverytwoyears.Aftergraduation,sheplacedfirstinnationwidecompetitionsandwasadmittedintotheNationalAcademyofChineseTheatreArtsinBeijing,whereshewasawardedherbachelor'sinyangqinperformancein2005.SheobtainedherdoctoratefromBostonUniversityinmusiceducationin2015andstudiedethnomusicologyatEastmanfrom2017to2019.（13岁时，文卓获得河北省艺术学校奖学金；这个竞争激烈的项目每两年只招收一名扬琴学生。毕业后在全国比赛中获得第一名，考入北京中国戏剧艺术学院，2005年获得扬琴表演学士学位，2015年获得波士顿大学音乐教育博士学位，2017年至2019年在伊斯曼学习民族音乐学。)”可知，第二段内容主要介绍了文卓的所接受过的学校教育，故选D项。

(3)【答案】C

【解析】:细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Needlesstosay,Wenzhuo'sperformancessoundedfantastic.Theyangqinisauniqueandbeautifulinstrumentanditssound,coupledwithWenzhuo'smusicalability,allowedthefourgreatlydifferingpiecestostandtogetherasawonderfulintroductiontotheinstrument.（不用说，文卓的演奏听起来棒极了。扬琴是一种独特而美丽的乐器，它的声音，再加上文卓的音乐才能，使这四首迥然不同的曲子成为了对扬琴的精彩介绍。)”可知，让表演很棒的是她的天赋和扬琴的魅力。故选C项。

(4)【答案】A

【解析】:推理判断题。根据最后一段“ItwasfascinatingtolearnabouttheyangqinandajoytowatchWenzhuoperformonit.（学习扬琴很有意思，看文卓表演扬琴也很开心。)”可知，作者喜欢扬琴并且享受扬琴表演，由此可推知，作者对于扬琴的态度应是支持的，故选A项。3

(1)【答案】A

【解析】:细节理解题。根据文章“theyplantvegetablesinsidethoserafts.Astheraft-plantsrotaway,theyreleasenutrients,whichhelpfeedthevegetableplants.（他们在木筏里种蔬菜。当木筏植物腐烂时，它们会释放营养物质，帮助植物生长。）”可知，蔬菜植物是吸收木筏植物的营养生长的。故选A项。

(2)【答案】D

【解析】:细节理解题。根据文章“Theyinterviewedfarmingfamiliesandfoundstrongevidencethatfloatinggardensprovidestability,bothintheamountoffoodavailabletofeedruralpopulationsandinafarmingfamily'sincome.（他们采访了农业家庭，发现了强有力的证据表明，无论是在可供农村人口食用的食物量方面，还是在农业家庭的收入方面，浮动花园都提供了稳定性。）”可知，农业家庭收入很稳定，所以气候变化对收入影响不大。故选D项。

(3)【答案】C

【解析】:词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“Onefarmertoldtheresearchteamthatheearnsuptofourtimesasmuchmoneyfromthegardensasfromtraditionalricefields.”可知，一位农民告诉研究小组，他从菜园中赚到的钱是从传统稻田中赚到的钱的四倍，故此处想表达的是即使农民最终会在杀虫剂和肥料上花一些钱，但是收益也会大于成本。故outweighed意为“大于”。故选C项。

(4)【答案】D

【解析】:推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“However,beforegainingprofits,farmersoftentakeouthigh-interestloans(贷款)tocovertheinvestmentcostsoffillingthebedsandstockingthemwithplants.Luckily;therearealsolower-interestloansfromresponsiblegovernmentornon-governmentalorganizations,whichcouldeasethatburden.（然而，在获得利润之前，农民往往会获得高息贷款(贷款)以支付填充床和储存植物的投资成本。幸运的是；负责任的政府或非政府组织也提供低息贷款，可以减轻这种负担。）”可推知，作者想表达负责任的政府或非政府组织提供低息贷款，减轻了农民的压力。故选D项。4

(1)【答案】A

【解析】:细节理解题。根据文章“Scientistsacrosstheworldcansubmitproposalsforastronomicalobservationsusingthetelescope.（世界各地的科学家可以提交使用望远镜进行天文观测的建议。）”可知，FAST向全世界的科学家开放。故选A项。

(2)【答案】B

【解析】:细节理解题。根据文章“Themajorscientifictaskofthetelescopeistheobservationofpulsars（望远镜的主要科学任务是观测脉冲星）”可知，FAST的主要任务就是观察脉冲星。故选B项。

(3)【答案】B

【解析】:推理判断题。根据文章“Secondly,theradiotelescopeneedstohavea"bigpan"toreceivebettersignal.Thehugenaturaldepressioncouldreducetheamountofexcavation(挖掘)anddifficultyofconstruction.（其次，射电望远镜需要有一个“大盘”来接收更好的信号。巨大的自然洼地可以减少挖掘量和施工难度）”可推知，选择地点的特别之处在于减少了工程量。故选B项。

(4)【答案】D

【解析】:主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了500米口径球面望远镜，包括它的主要任务，选址，建成时间等方面。D项“关于500米口径球面望远镜的实际情况”符合本文标题。故选D项。5

(1)【答案】G

【解析】:上文“Maturitycanbeasignpostofmovingfromchildhoodtoadulthood.（成熟可以是从童年走向成年的路标。）”说明G选项“它可以包括智力、情感甚至精神方面”中的“Itcaninclude”与上文提到的“signpost”话题相符，与上句衔接。故选G。

(2)【答案】D

【解析】:上文“Livebyyourvalues.（按照你的价值观生活。）”说明D选项“让你的价值观指导你的生活”中的关键词“values”与上文的“values”属于同一话题，顺理成章。故选D。

(3)【答案】A

【解析】:根据下文“Whenyousayyouwilldosomething,doit.Evenifitisn'tyourideaoffun,showpeoplethattheycancountonyouandthatyouarereliable.（当你说你要做某事时，就去做。即使这不是你想要的乐趣，也要向人们展示他们可以信赖你，而且你是可靠的。）”说明A选项“信守承诺”中的关键词“commitments”对应“Whenyousayyouwilldosomething,doit.”表示信守承诺。故选A。

(4)【答案】E

【解析】:根据上文“Treatpeoplewithrespect（尊重他人）”说明E选项“以言行尊重他人”中的关键词“Respect”与上文提到的尊重是同一话题。故选E。

(5)【答案】B

【解析】:根据上文“Admityourdisadvantages.（承认你的缺点。）”，说明B选项“这是一个非常成熟的行动”中的关键词“action”与上文意思相符，说明此处想要表示承认缺点是一种行动，符合题意。故选B。6

(1)【答案】A

【解析】:考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们不仅在春天使城市空气中弥漫着桔子花的宜人气味，而且每年冬天结出超过16500吨的水果。A.pleasant令人愉悦的；B.natural自然的；C.familiar相似的；D.strange奇怪的。根据文中“smelloforangeflowers”可知，此处描述的是桔子花的味道，用“令人愉悦的”符合句意。故选A项。

(2)【答案】C

【解析】:考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们不仅在春天使城市空气中弥漫着桔子花的宜人气味，而且每年冬天结出超过16500吨的水果。A.attract吸引；B.distribute分配；C.bear结果实；D.collect收集。根据文中“over16,500tonsoffruit”可知，此处表示结出超过16500吨的果实。故选C项。

(3)【答案】B

【解析】:考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管这让塞维利亚成为欧洲最大的橘子生产城市，但这种水果太酸了，不能新鲜的食用。A.moment片刻；B.pride自豪，骄傲；C.state状态；D.dream梦。根据句意可知塞尔维亚成为欧洲最大的橘子城是令人骄傲的。故选B项。

(4)【答案】D

【解析】:考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管这让塞维利亚成为欧洲最大的橘子生产城市，但这种水果太酸了，不能新鲜的食用。A.protected保护；B.sold售卖；C.picked选择；D.consumed消费，食用。根据句意“thefruitistoosour”可知，水果太酸了，不能新鲜食用。故选D项。

(5)【答案】C

【解析】:考查动词短语辨析。句意：虽然一些橙子被用来做果酱和酒，但它们大多数最终都会被填埋。A.gobackto回到；B.breakawayfrom挣脱；C.endupin结束于；D.giveinto屈服于。根据上文“Whilesomeorangesareusedtomakejamandalcohol”可知，虽然有些橙子被用来制作果酱和酒，但大多数还是会被填埋，endupin“结束于”符合题意。故选C项。

(6)【答案】A

【解析】:考查名词词义辨析。句意：橘子对这个城市来说是个问题。A.problem问题；B.relief宽慰；C.bid投标；D.strength力气。根据上文“mostofthemendupinlandfills”可知，此处想表示橘子都被填埋了，所以橘子对于这个城市来说是一个问题。故选A项。

(7)【答案】B

【解析】:考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这种情况可能很快就会改变，这要归功于利用橙子创造性地生产清洁能源的想法。A.traditionally传统上；B.creatively创造性地；C.briefly短暂地；D.slightly略微。根据文中“thankstoanideaofusingtheorangestoproducecleanenergy”可知，此处表示这个是一个新的想法，所以是有创造力的。故选B项。

(8)【答案】A

【解析】:考查动词词义辨析。句意：该项目由市议会和公园部门负责。A.conducted执行，安排；B.abandoned抛弃；C.measured测量；D.measured记录。根据句意可知，此处表示市议会和公园部门负责该项目。故选A项。

(9)【答案】C

【解析】:考查动词词义辨析。句意：从橙子中提取的果汁将留着在现有的沼气设备中发酵。A.purified净化；B.sought寻找；C.obtained获得；D.discovered发现。根据句意可知，此处表示橘子变成橘子汁，即从橘子中提取橘子汁。故选C项。

(10)【答案】B

【解析】:考查动词词义辨析。句意：从发酵液中释放出来的气体将被用来驱动机器生产清洁能源。A.fix安装；B.drive驾驶，驱动；C.wash洗；D.design设计。根据文中“machinetoproducecleanenergy.”可知，此处表示驱动机器来生产清洁能源。故选B项。

(11)【答案】D

【解析】:考查动词词义辨析。句意：官员认为认为这不仅仅省钱，他们还说橘子实际上是从废物中产生了额外的价值。A.spending支出；B.earning赚得；C.counting计算；D.saving节省。根据下文“theysayorangesareactuallyproducingextravaluefromwaste”可知，此处表示官员认为，机器生产清洁能源并不仅仅是为了省钱。故选D项。

(12)【答案】D

【解析】:考查副词词义辨析。句意：官员认为认为这不仅仅省钱，他们还说橘子实际上是从废物中产生了额外的价值。A.urgently紧急地；B.occasionally偶然；C.extremely极其；D.actually事实上。根据句意可知，此处表示橘子事实上产生了额外的价值。故选D项。

(13)【答案】A

【解析】:考查名词词义辨析。句意：在实验的第一阶段，1000公斤的橙子产生了50千瓦时的清洁能源——足以满足五个家庭的日常用电需求。A.experiment实验；B.experience经验；C.competition竞争；D.performance表演。根据文中“Inthefirstperiodof”可知，此处表示做实验的第一阶段。故选A项。

(14)【答案】B

【解析】:考查动词词义辨析。句意：在实验的第一阶段，1000公斤的橙子产生了50千瓦时的清洁能源——足以满足五个家庭的日常用电需求。A.expand扩大；B.satisfy满足；C.survey民意调查；D.remove移开。根据上文“1000kilosorangesproduced50kWhofcleanenergy”个下文的“thedailyelectricityneeds”可知，此处表示50千瓦的清洁能源足以满足五个家庭的日常用电需求。故选B项。

(15)【答案】C

【解析】:考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果成功的话，到2023年，该市希望回收所有的橘子。A.complex复杂的；B.flexible灵活的；C.successful成功的；D.simple简单的。根据下文“thecityhopestorecyclealltheoranges”可知，此处表示试验成功后该市的措施。故选C项。

(16)【答案】D

【解析】:考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果所有的水果都被回收利用，它将产生足够的能量为多达73000人提供动力。A.displayed陈列；B.ordered组织有序；C.eaten吃；D.recycled回收利用。根据上文“thecityhopestorecyclealltheoranges”可知，此处表示橘子被回收利用。故选D项。

(17)【答案】B

【解析】:考查名词词义辨析。句意：该项目将有助于实现减少污染和应对气候变化的目标。A.standards标准；B.targets目标；C.conclusions结论；D.agreements协定。根据下文的“reducingpollutionandthefightagainstclimatechange”可知，实现减少污染和应对气候变化是一个目标。且下文的“thecountry'sgoal”也是提示。故选B项。

(18)【答案】A

【解析】:考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项最新努力是西班牙众多计划中的一项，这些计划旨在实现该国到2050年将电力系统转换为可再生能源的目标。A.effort努力；B.proof证据；C.invention发明；D.style方式。根据上文“Thisprojectwillhelptoreachthetargetsforreducingpollutionandthefightagainstclimatechange.”可知，此处表示这项计划是最新的努力。故选A项。

(19)【答案】D

【解析】:考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项最新努力是西班牙众多计划中的一项，这些计划旨在实现该国到2050年将电力系统转换为可再生能源的目标。A.oppose反对；B.limit限制；C.interrupt打断；D.achieve实现。根据文中“thecountry'sgoal”可知此处表示实现目标。故选D项。

(20)【答案】C

【解析】:考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项最新努力是西班牙众多计划中的一项，这些计划旨在实现该国到2050年将电力系统转换为可再生能源的目标。A.repeated重复的；B.readapted重新适应的；C.renewable可再生的；D.reserved矜持的。根据文章大意可知，本文主要内容是可再生能源，所以此处应填入renewable，符合句意。故选C项。7

(1)【答案】creator

【解析】:考查名词。句意：那是该奖项的创始人阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔（AlfredNobel）去世5年后。此处说明AlfredNobel的身份，他是诺贝尔奖项的创始人，所以应用名词creator，故填creator。

(2)【答案】sixth

【解析】:考查序数词，句意：1968年设立了第六个经济学奖。由语境结合常识可知，前面已出现5个经济学奖，此处表示“第六个”经济学奖，所以应用序数词sixth，故填sixth。

(3)【答案】toreceive

【解析】:考查非谓语动词。句意：1903年，玛丽·居里是第一位获得该奖项的女性物理学家。分析句子可知，句子已有谓语was，receive在句中用非谓语动词形式，结合序数词thefirst可知，此处应填入动词不定式作后置定语，the+序数词+todo表示“第……个做某事”，故填toreceive。

(4)【答案】shared

【解析】:考查谓语动词。句意：她与丈夫和另一位科学家共同获奖。分析句子可知，句子缺少谓语，share在句中作谓语，由语境及时间状语1903年可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填shared。

(5)【答案】Surprisingly

【解析】:考查副词。句意：令人惊讶的是，她的女儿艾琳也获得了诺贝尔化学奖。分析句子可知，空处作状语修饰整个句子，应用副词形式，故填Surprisingly。

(6)【答案】of

【解析】:考查介词。句意：评奖委员会由著名的学者和科学家组成。由句意“组成”和aremadeup可知此处应填入介词of