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2022-2023年河南省商丘市大学英语6级大学英语六级重点汇总(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________
一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.
Bullyproblemisdefinitelymoreseriousthanwhatthesesurveys'figureshaveshown.
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2.
Exceptforphysicalfitness,healthalsoinvolves______.
3.
Halfayearafterhis60thbirthday,Forbeshadhisprostateandlymphnodesremovedandhisbladdertohisurethrareattached(尿道).
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4.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)
Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.
Forquestions1~7,mark
Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;
N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;
NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.
Forquestions8~10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
Euro(欧元)
Nationalcurrenciesarevitallyimportanttothewaymoderneconomiesoperate.Theyallowustoconsistentlyexpressthevalueofanitemacrossbordersofcountries,oceans,andcultures.Wealthcanbeeasilystoredortransportedascurrency.
Currenciesarealsodeeplyembeddedinourculturesandourpsyche.Thinkabouthowfamiliaryouarewiththepriceofthings.Ifyou'vegrownupintheUnitedStates,youthinkofeverythingin"dollars,"justlikeyouthinkaboutdistancesininchesandmiles.
OnJanuary1,2002,theeurobecamethesinglecurrencyof12memberstatesoftheEuropeanUnion.Thiswillmakeitthesecondlargestcurrencyintheworld(theU.S.dollarbeingthelargest).Itwillalsobethelargestcurrencyeventinthehistoryoftheworld.Twelvenationalcurrencieswillevaporate(蒸发)andbereplacedbytheeuro.
DesigningtheEuro
TheEuropeanCommission(EC)wasgiventhetaskofcreatingtheeurosymbolaspartofitscommunicationswork.Therewerethreethingsthedesignhadtoaccomplish:
Ithadtobeeasilyrecognized.
Ithadtobeeasilywrittenbyhand.
Ithadtobepleasingtolookat.
TheEChadmorethan30designsdrawnup.Theyselected10fromthoseandletthepublicvote,whichnarrowedthose10downtotwo.Fromthemtheymadetheirfinalselection.ThedesignthatwasselectedisbasedontheGreekletterepsilon,andalsoresemblesthe"e"asthefirstletteroftheword"Europe."Thetwoparallellinesthroughthecenterofthe"c"representstability.
WhereDidtheIdeaComeFrom?
Theoriginalseedwasplantedin1946whenWinstonChurchillsuggestedthecreationofthe"UnitedStatesofEurope."Hisgoalswereprimarilypolitical,inthathehopedaunifiedgovernmentwouldbringaboutpeaceforacontinentthathadbeentornapartbytwoWorldwars.
Then,in1952,sixwest-EuropeancountriestookChurchill'ssuggestionandcreatedtheEuropeanCoalandSteelCommunity(ECSC)Theseresourceswerequitestrategictothepowerofeachcountry,soarequirementoftheECSCwasthateachcountryallowstheirresourcestobecontrolledbyanindependentauthority.Theirgoal,justasChurchillhadintended,wastohelppreventmilitaryconflictbetweenFranceandGermany.
In1957,theTreatyofRomewassigned,declaringthegoalofcreatingacommonEuropeanmarket.ItwassignedbyFrance,Germany,Italy,Belgium,theNetherlands,andLuxembourg.
Aftermanyfalsestarts,theprocessofcreatingtheEurogotitsrealstartin1989,whentheDelorsReportwaspublishedbyJacquesDelors,presidentoftheEuropeanCommission.Thisimportantreportoutlinedathree-stagetransition(过渡)planthatwouldcreateasingleEuropeancurrency.
PlanningtheTransition
AsoutlinedintheDelorsReport,thetransitiontoasingleEuropeancourtesyfollowedathree-stageplan:StageonebeganonJuly1,1990,andimmediatelyabolished(废止)(atleastinprinci
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5.LynnJosephsuggeststhatbeforeconsideringthejobresearch,thedownsizedshouldfirst
A.modifytheirresumetomakeitmoreattractive
B.trytogetsomereemploymenttraining
C.seekhelpfromprofessionalcareercounselors
D.getoverthehurttotheirfeelingscausedbythelayoff
6.
Coke'sadvertisingonceshowedayoungmandrawingaglassofCokefromoneofthecrockeryurnsthenusedto______.
7.
Onereasonthatteacherswoulddrivestudentstosportsfieldliesinthatitwillprobablyhelptoexhaustthechildrensothattheycansitstillinclass.
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8.Calories
Foryearsnow,calorieshavebeenalltherage—peopleareCountingthemandcuttingthem,andyou'dbehardpressedtofindsomethingatthesupermarketthatdoeshotlistitscaloriesperservingsomewhereonthepackage.Buthaveyoueverwonderedwhatexactlyacalorieis?
WhatisaCalorie
Acaloricisaunitofenergy.Wetendtoassociatecalorieswithfood,buttheyapplytoanythingcontainingenergy.Forexample,agallon(about4liters)ofgasolinecontainsabout31,000,000calories.
Specifically,acaloricistheamountofenergy,orheat,ittakestoraisethetemperatureof1gramofwater1degreeCelsius(1.8degreesFahrenheit).Onecaloricisequalto4.184joules(焦耳),acommonunitofenergyusedinthephysicalsciences.Mostofusthinkofcaloriesinrelationtofood,asin"Thiscanofsodahas200calories."Itturnsoutthatthecaloriesonafoodpackageareactuallykilocalories(1,000calories=1kilocalorie).Thewordissometimescapitalizedtoshowthedifference,butusuallynot.Afoodcaloriecontains4,184joules.Acanofsodacontaining200foodcaloriescontains200,000regularcalories,or200kilocalories.Agallonofgasolinecontains31,000kilocalories.
Thesameappliestoexercisewhenafitnesschartsaysyouburnabout100caloriesforeverymileyoujog,itmeans100kilocalories.Forthedurationofthisarticle,whenwesay"calorie",wemean"kilocalorie".
WhatCaloriesDo
Humanbeingsneedenergytosurvive—tobreathe,move,pumpblood—andtheyacquirethisenergyfromfood.
Thenumberofcaloriesinafoodisameasureofhowmuchpotentialenergythatfoodpossesses.Agramofcarbohydrates(碳水化合物)has4calories,agrainofproteinhas4calories,andagramoffathas9calories.Foodsareacompilationofthesethreebuildingblocks.Soifyouknowhowmanycarbohydrates,fatsandproteinsareinanygivenfood,youknowbowmanycalories,orhowmuchenergy,thatfoodcontains.
Ifwelookatthenutritionallabelonthebackofapacketbfmaple-and-brown-sugaroatmeal(麦片),wefindthatithas160calories.Thismeansthatifweweretopourthisoatmealintoadish,settheoatmealonfireandgetittoburncompletely(whichisactuallyprettytricky),thereactionwouldproduce160kilocalories(remember:foodcaloriesarekilocalories)enoughenergytoraisethetemperatureof160kilogramsofwater1degreeCelsius.Ifwelookcloseratthenutritionallabel,weseethatouroatmealhas2gramsoffat,4gramsofproteinand32gramsofcarbohydrates,producingatotalof162calories(apparently,foodmanufacturersliketorounddown).Ofthese162calories,18comefromfat(9cal×2g),16comefromprotein(4cal×4g)and128comefromcarbohydrates(4cal×32g).
YourCaloricNeeds
Justhowmanycaloriesdoourcellsneedtofunctionwell?Thenumberisdifferentforeveryperson.Youmaynoticeonthenutritionallabelsofthefoodsyoubuythatthe"percentdailyvalues"arebasedona2,000caloriediet—2,000caloriesisaroughaverageofwhataperson.needstoeatinaday,butyourbodymightneedmoreorlessthan2,000calories.Height,weight,gender,ageandactivitylevelallaffectyourcaloricneeds.Therearethreemainfactorsinvolvedincalculatinghowmanycaloriesyourbodyneedsperday:
-Basalmetabolicrate(基本新陈代谢率)
-Physicalactivity
-Thermic(热的)effectoffood
Yourbasalmetabolicrate(BMR)istheamountofenergyyourbodyneedstofunctionatrest.Thisaccountsforabout60to70percentofcaloriesburnedinadayandincludestheenergyrequiredtokeeptheheartbeating,thelungsbreathing,thekidneysfunctioningandthebodytemperaturestabilized.Ingeneral,menhaveahigherBMRthanwomen.
The
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9.
Theauthorsuggeststhatthewifekeepthemoneywhilethehusbanddecideshowtospendit.
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10.FlyingObjects
Itissometimesreportedthatstrangeobjectshavebeenseenhighupintheair.TheseUnidentifiedFlyingObjects(UFOs)havecausedalotofinterest.Someofthereportsaboutthemaredifficulttobelieve.Somehavebeenexplainedinscientificways.Othershaveneverbeenexplained.
Itisnoteasytodecidewhetherareportistrueornot.OnereportofanunidentifiedobjectcamefromaBritishaeroplaneonitswayfromNewYorktoLondonin1954.TheBritishmachinewasflyingoveranislandat19,000feetwhenthecaptainandothersonboardnoticedsomethingontheleftandratherlowerthantheiraeroplane.Itwasaboutfivemilesaway.
"Itbecameclear,"thecaptainsaid,"thatitwasnotoneobjectbutseveral.Wesawonelargeobjectandsixsmallerobjects.Isentoutaradioreportaboutit,andIreceivedtheanswerthatfighterplaneswerecomingouttomeetus.Beforethefighterswereinsight,thesmallerobjectsenteredthebigobject.Thebigobjectthenbecamesmallerandmovedawayfast—unbelievablyfast."
Thecaptainlateransweredalotofquestionsfromnewspapermen.
"Howlongdidyouhaveforstudyingtheobjects,CaptainHoward?"
"Theystayedwithusforaboutsixminutes."
"Whatshapeweretheobjects?".
"Thelargeonewascontinuallychangingitsshape,buteachoftilesmalleroneswasroundlikeaball."
"Whatdoyoumeanby'changingitsshape',Captain?"
"Well—atonetimethebigonehadtheshapeofatelephonereceiver,butsometimesitwasroundWhenitflewawayitseemedtoberatherlikeaverybigplateinshape."
"Tellus,CaptainHoward—err—wereyouafraid?""ItruthfullysaythatIwasn't.Noneofthepeopleintheplanefeltanyfear.Wetalkedaboutthat,andweallagreedthatinfactwefeltfriendlytowardstheobjects."
Thereareotheraccountsofflyingobjectswhichhavebeenseenfromtheairorfromtheground.AndmanyofthosewhohavetoldusaboutthemaremenlikeCaptainHoward—menofsenseandexperience,menwhosewordcanbetrusted.
DennisBardens,whowrotethebookMysteriousWorlds,tellsusthatheoncesawaUFOhimself.HehaddinneronenightwithafriendnearTripoli,Libya,andafterdinnerthetwomenwalkedacrosstohisroomtolookatsomepapers.Bardensnoticedalighthighupoverthesea.Itwasaredlight.
Heturnedtohisfriend,andmentionedthatthemoonlookedstrangethatnight.
"Itisn'tthemoon,"wasthereply.
Theywatchedthelightandsawthatitwasmoving.Itseemedtobeanobjectratherlikeabigplate.Insomewaysitlookedlikesmokewithalightonit;butitwasnotsmokebecauseitdidnotchangeitsshape.Itwasmovinginaregularway.Thatistosay,itdidnotgosuddenlyfasterormoreslowly,anditdidnotgohigherorlower.Sothetwomendecidedthattheremustbemeninit.
WhenitcamenearertoLibya,Bardenssaysthathefelteyeslookingathim.Hewasbeingwatchedinthedarkness.
Whenitwasnearer,theynoticedthatthebottompartswerebrighterthanthetop.Thebottomwasyellowandthetopred.ThentheobjectsuddenlyturnedawayandleftLibya,movingveryfast.
OnalaterdayBardenstalkedtootherpeopleaboutit,andhefoundsomewhohadseenit.Theyalldescribeditinthesameway.Couldtheyallbemistaken?
OtherpeopleindifferentpartsoftheworldbelievethattheyhaveseenUFOs.Thosewhousedtolaughattheideadonotlaughsooftennow.Alotofreportsandbookshavebeenwrittenonthissubject,anditseemsimpossibletotakenonoticeofthem.Fewpeoplereallybelieveit'sUFOs,butperhapstheywillinthefuture.Letusconsideranotherofthereports.Letus
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11.TheHydrogenEconomy
Itseemslikeeverydaythereisanewannouncementinthenewsaboutautomobilespoweredbyfuelcells.Thepromisesaregreat,sincefuelceilshavethepotentialtoveryquicklydoubletheefficiencyofcarswhilesignificantlyreducingairpollution.
Atthesametime,therehavebeennewsstoriesfordecadesabouttheproblemsassociatedwithpetroleum.Everythingfromoilspillstoozonealertstoglobalwarminggetsblamedonourdependenceonfossilfuels.Thesetwoforcesareleadingtheworldtowardwhatisbroadlyknownasthehydrogeneconomy.Ifthepredictionsaretrue,overthenextseveraldecadeswewillallbegintoseeanamazingshiftawayfromthefossilfueleconomywehavetodaytowardamuchcleanerhydrogenfuture.
ProblemswiththeFossilFuelEconomy
Whilefossilfuelshaveplayedanimportantroleingettingsocietytothepointitisattoday,therearefourbigproblemsthatfossilfuelscreate:
Airpollution—Whencarsburngasoline,theinternalcombustionenginealsoproduces:
-Carbonmonoxide,apoisonousgas
-Nitrogenoxides,themainsourceofurbansmog
-Unburnedhydrocarbons,themainsourceofurbanozone
Environmentalpollution—Theprocessoftransportingandstoringoilhasabigimpactontheenvironmentwheneversomethinggoeswrong.Anoilspill,pipelineexplosionorwellfirecancreateahugemess.
Globalwarming—Thecarbondioxidecomingoutofeverycar'stailpipeisagreenhousegasthatisslowlyraisingthetemperatureoftheplanet.Theultimateeffectsareunknown,butitisastrongpossibilitythat,eventually,therewillbedramaticclimatechangesthataffecteveryoneontheplanet.
Dependence—TheUnitedStates,andmostothercountries,cannotproduceenoughoiltomeetdemand,sotheyimportitfromoil-richcountries.Thatcreatesaneconomicdependence.WhenMiddleEastoilproducersdecidetoraisethepriceofoil,therestoftheworldhaslittlechoicebuttopaythehigherprice.
AdvantagesoftheHydrogenEconomy
Thehydrogeneconomypromisestoeliminatealloftheproblemsthatthefossilfueleconomycreates.Therefore,theadvantagesofthehydrogeneconomyinclude:
Theeliminationofpollutioncausedbyfossilfuels—Whenhydrogenisusedinafuelcelltocreatepower,itisacompletelycleantechnology.Theonlybyproductiswater.Therearealsonoenvironmentaldangerslikeoilspillstoworryaboutwithhydrogen.
Theeliminationofgreenhousegases—Ifthehydrogencomesfromtheelectrolysisofwater,thenhydrogenaddsnogreenhousegasestotheenvironment.Thereisaperfectcycle—electrolysisproduceshydrogenfromwater,andthehydrogenrecombineswithoxygentocreatewaterandpowerinafuelcell.
Theeliminationofeconomicdependence—TheeliminationofoilmeansnodependenceontheMiddleEastanditsoilreserves.
Distributedproduction—Hydrogencanbeproducedanywherethatyouhaveelectricityandwater.Peoplecanevenproduceitintheirhomeswithrelativelysimpletechnology.
Theproblemswiththefossilfueleconomyaresogreat,andtheenvironmentaladvantagesofthehydrogeneconomysosignificant,thatthepushtowardthehydrogeneconomyisverystrong.
TechnologicalHurdles
Thebigquestionwiththehydrogeneconomyis,"Wheredoesthehydrogencomefrom?"Afterthatcomesthequestionoftransporting,distributingandstoringhydrogen.Hydrogentendstobelargeandtrickyinitsnaturalgaseousform.Oncebothofthesequestionsareansweredinaneconomicalway,thehydrogeneconomywillbeinplace.
WhereDoestheHydrogenComeFrom?
Therearetwopossiblesourcesforthehydrogen:
Electrolysisofwater—usingelectricit
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12.
Rocksin______havebeenoversampledcomparedwiththoseinthetropics.
13.
Itis______thatdrivesbirdstobecomeintelligent.
A.societynecessity
B.physicalneed
C.geneticinformation
D.psychologicalrequest
14.
Abathroomscaleisusuallyusedfor______.
A.planningone'sdiet
B.measuringone'sweight
C.recordingheatvalue
D.regulatethetemperature
15.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)
Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswersheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
What'stherightactivityforme?
Whoeveryouare.there'sanactivityforyou.Andjustasgettingfitterdoesn'thavetomeanpushingyourselftothelimitsofyourendurance,youdon'thavetobetechnicallybrilliantataparticularsporttoderivepleasureandhealthbenefitsfromit.
Somepeopleholdbackfromgettingfitbecausetheyfeelself-consciousabouttheirabilityorbodyandwanttofindanactivitytheycandoontheirown,butorganizedclassesandsportsclubscanprovideyouwithsupportandmotivation,aswellasachancetomakenewfriends.
Ifyou'reinterestedinfootball,hockeyorotherteamsports,forexample,manylocalclubswillhaveseveralteamsofvaryingabilities,whilethereareplentyofaerobicsoryogaclassesspecificallydesignedtocaterforbeginners.
You'renevertoooldtolearntoswim,oryoucantakeclassestoimproveyourtechniqueifthat'swhat'sholdingyouback.
Butmanyactivitiescanbedonebyyourself,andrequireneithertechnicalexpertisenormuchinthewayofequipmentorexpensejustyourwillingnesstogiveitago.
Herearesomeofthebest,easiestandmostpopularwaystostartgettingfit,aswellassomesuggestionsforalternatives,thatgetyoustartedorputyouintouchwithalocalclub.
Walking
Mostofuswalkatsomepointeachdaybutwedoitfarlessthanweusedto.Thegovernmentcalculatesthere'sbeenadeclineofmorethan20percentinthenumberofmileswalkedsincethemid-1980s.
Butwalkingisthesimplestandcheapestofallexercises,andmakingitaregularactivityandfocusingontheintensityordistancecoveredcangreatlyincreaseyourfitness.
Walkingimprovestheconditionofyourheartandlungsandworksthemusclesofthelowerbody.It'saweight-bearingactivity,soitmayimprovebonedensity,yetit'salsolowimpact,puttinglessstressonthejointsthansomeotherformsofexercise.
Asidefromthehealthbenefitsofwalking,someofthecountry'smostbeautifulscenerycanonlybeaccessedonfoot,soifyoudon'ttrywalking,thinkwhatyou'redenyingyourself.Ifyou'reanovice,goingroupsoraspartofanorganizedoutingviaaramblersclub.
Walkinguphillsexpendsmoreenergy--evenwalkingdownagainusesmoreenergythanwalkingontheflat,butifyoudon'tthinkyou'rereadyforthehillsyet,boostyourfitnessbywalkingjustaboutanywhere.
Youcouldtrypowerwalkinginthepark.Forexample:theideaistowalkatsuchafastpacethatitwouldactuallybeeasiertobreakintoarun.Youburnmorecalorieswalkingatthisspeedthanyouwouldrunningatthesamepace.
Running/jogging
Runningmightjustbetheultimatewaytogetfit:it'scheap,canbedoneanywhere,atanytimeand,mostimportantly,isveryeffective.There'sreallynodifferencebetweenrunningandjogging,althoughjoggingisoftenusedtodescriberunningataslowpace.Whateveryoucallit,allyouneedisagoodpairofrunningshoesandalittleenthusiasm.
Aslongasyou'rehealthyandtakeiteasytostartwith,anyonecanrun.Ifyouhaveahistoryofcertaindiseaseslikechestpain,highbloodpressure,orhavehadrecentsurgeryorarepregnant,consultadoctorfirst.Asahigh-impactactivity,runningmaymaintainorincreasebonedensity.But
A.Offeringreadersinformationaboutsportsactivities.
B.Persuadingreaderstotrycheapwaysofexercise.
C.Attractingpotentialathletestoregisterforsportsevents.
D.Askingpeopletodonateinordertodeveloppublicsports.
16.Oldpeopleshouldn'tbothertochangetheireatinghabitsbecauseit'stoolateforittodothemanygood.
17.WaterProblems
Where'sthewater?
Water.Ifyou'vegotit,youprobablytakeitforgranted.Butaquicklookattheglobe--andachatwiththetinygroupofresearcherswhoareworryingaboutfreshwater---bothindicatethatwatershortagesareveryserious.
Andtheyaren'tnecessarilyinthefuture,either.Here'swhatwe'vereadinthepastweekorso.
...MexicoCity(hometo20millionpeople)issinkingbecausethecitysucksoutundergroundwaterfasterthantheaquifercanberefilled.
...Floridawantstorefillitsoverpumpedaquifer(蓄水层)withuntreatedsurfacewater,despitefederalregulationstothecontrary.
...Texasismovingtowardprivate,for-profitwatersales.Thewaterwillbe"mined"fromaquifersthataredisappearingfast.Nowordonwhattheprivatesuppliers,includingcorporateraiderT.BoonePickens,willdooncetheaquifersrundry.
...Aquifersaroundtheworldarebeingovertappedforirrigatedagriculture,whichfillsabout40percentofthegloballarder.
...TheBushAdministrationhaswithdrawnaproposedtighteningofthearsenicstandardfordrinkingwater.Criticssaytheoldrule,datingto1942,couldallowthousandsofcasesofcancerandotherdiseases.Meanwhile,inBangladesh,what'sbeencalledthe"largestpoisoningofapopulationinhistory"has35to77millionpeopledrinkingarsenic-lacedwater.
...AshowdownisloomingovertheTigris(底格里斯河)andEuphratesRivers(幼发拉底河),whichoriginateinTurkey,theftwaterbothSyriaandIraq.IfTurkeygoes'aheadwithaseriesofdams,thedownrivernationscouldstarve.
Youdon'tmissyourwater,anoldbluessagewiselysaid,untilyourwellrunsdry.DownhereonplanetEarth,thewellisstartingtorundry.We'veseenprojectionsthatthreebillionpeople--halfoftoday'spopulation--willbeshortofwaterin2025.
Placesshortofwater
Seenfromaglobalwatermap,waterisshortestinequatorialcountries,oftenwherepopulationsarerising.Herearesomeexamplesofcountriesfacingwatershortageproblem.
China,with1.26billionpeople,is"theoneareaworryingmostpeoplemostofthetime,"saysMarqde:Villiers,authoroftherecentlypublished"Water".IndryNorthernChina,hesays,"thewatertameisdroppingonemeterperyearduetooverpumping,andtheChineseadmitthat300citiesarerunningshort.Theyaredivertingwaterfromagricultureandfarmersaregoingoutofbusiness."SomeChineseriversaresopollutedwithheavymetalsthattheycan'tbeusedforirrigation,headds.
"They'redisgraceful,unusable,industrialsewers,"saysdeVilliers.Asfarmersgooutofbusiness,Chinawillhavetoimportmorefood.
InIndia,hometo1.002billionpeople,keyaquifersarebeingoverpumped,andthesoilisgrowingsaltierthroughcontaminationwithirrigationwater.IrrigationwasakeytoincreasingfoodproductioninIndiaduringthegreenrevolution,andasthepopulationsurgestowardaprojected1.363billionin2025,itscropswillcontinuetodependoncleanwaterandcleansoil.
Israel(population6.2million),inventedmanywater-conservingtechnologies,butwaterwithdrawalsstillexceedresupply.Overpumpingofaquifersalongthecoastisallowingseawatertopollutedrinkingwater.LikeneighboringJordan,IsraelislargelydependentontheJordanRiverforfreshwater.
WaterFight
Egypt,whosepopulationof68millionmayreach97millionby2025,getsessentiallynorainfall.AllagricultureisirrigatedbyseasonalfloodsfromtheNileRiver,andfromwaterstoredbehindtheAswanHighDam.AnyinterferencewithwaterflowbySudanorEthiopiacouldstarveEgypt.
"TheNileisoneIworryabout,"saysSandraPoste
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18.
TheInternet's___________________programmingisn'tsuitableformobilephones.
19.
HurricaneAndrewwasthesecondcostliestnaturaldisasterintheUnitedStates.
20.FlirtWithSuicide
ThelifeofDavidWoodswasthestuffofanAustralianboy'sdream.Heplayedprofessionalrugbyleaguefootballinacountrythattreatsathletesas,idols.At29,hehadalovingfamily,agirlfriend,a3-month-oldbaby,plentyofmoney,everythingtolivefor.Andforinexplicablereasons,nothingtolivefor.OnNewYear'sEve,Woodscalledhismothertoannouncethathehadsignedanewcontractwithhisteam,GoldenCoast,recallshiselderbrother,Tony.Thenextmorning,heranahosefromtheexhaustpipetothewindowofhisMitsubishisedan(轿车)andgasseshimself.Hisfamilystillhasnoideawhy.
ThedeathofDavidWoodscameasawake-upcalltoAustralia,whichisoftenvotedastheidealplacetobringupkids.Butthesun,thebeachesandthesportingculturearethecheerybackdroptoadisturbingtrend:youngAustralianmenarenowkillingthemselvesattherateofoneaday--tripletherateof30yearsago.ThoughmostAustraliansaren'tparticularlysuicidal,theirboysare.In1990suicidesurpassedcaraccidentsastheleadingcauseofdeathamongmalesaged15to24.Fun-lovingAustraliaisnowfarworseoffthanAsiannationsknownforstrictdiscipline.TheyearlysuiciderateforyoungAustralianmalesis2.5timeshigherthaninJapan,HongKong,orSingapore.
PossibleCausesforSuicide
Whyboys?Anationofwide-openspacesandruggedindividualism,AustraliastillidolizesthefilmstarGaryCoopermodelofmasculinity:thestrong,silenttypewhonevercomplains,whoalwaysgetsthejobdone.Inrecentyearsschoolsandsocialinstitutionshaveconcentratedoncreatingnewopportunitiesforequalityforgirls--whileleavingtroubledboyswiththeclassiccommandoftheAustralianfather:pullyourselftogether.It'spasttimetotakeamuchcloserlookatthelivesofyoungmen,someresearchersargue."Peoplethink,'Mykidsaren'tdoingdrugs,mykidsaresafeathome',"sayspsychiatristJohnTillerofMelbourneUniversity,whostudied148suicidesand206attemptsinthestateofVictoria."Theyarewrong."
TheHaywards,acomfortablywell-offfamilyinWyong,northofSydney,figuredtheyweredealingwiththenormalproblemsoftroubledteenhood.TheirsonMarkhadputupaposterofrockstarKurtCobain,a1994suicidevictim,alongwithaCobainquote:"IhatemyselfandIwanttodie.""Fromtheageof12,Markhadhisupsanddowns--moodswings,depressionandlowself-esteem,"sayshisfather.TheHaywardssentMarktovariouscounselors,noneofwhomwarnedthathehadsuicidaltendencies.BylastyearMarkwas19,fightingbouts(回合)ofunemploymentandadrugproblem.Hetriedchurch,strugglingtodotherightthing.LastSeptemberhedroppedoutadetoxification(戒毒)program,andapologize
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