2021年中考英语题型突破题型三 语法填空课件

题型三语法填空1命题特点2解题技巧命题特点语法填空题设置为一篇留空的短文，一般为10个空，要求考生在理解短文的基础上，根据语法正确和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内所给单词的正确形式(通常有3个空没有给出提示词)。语法填空题主要考查考生理解语篇的能力、分析句子结构的能力和熟练运用语法的能力。具体考查点如下：1．空白直接填空常见的填词有以下几种：固定搭配、冠词、介词、连词(并列连词、从属连词等)、感叹词、it等。(1)冠词：泛指、特指或固定搭配。(低频考点)(2)介词：基本用法或固定搭配。(3)连词：判断其连接的是并列句还是从句。(4)其他：however，either等根据语境、逻辑关系和句意可以直接填出的词。2．用所给单词的适当形式填空所给词常见类别：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词等。(1)名词提示：名词复数等词形变化。(2)动词提示：时态、语态、非谓语动词等词形变化。(3)形容词、副词提示：比较级、最高级等词形变化。(4)代词提示：宾格、物主代词、反身代词等词形变化。解题技巧(2020•宁夏)LiWenisa15­year­oldboy.Heworkshardand__1__(do)wellinschool.Itishardtobelievethatheusedtohave__2__(difficulty)inschool.Whenhewasalittleboy，heseldomcausedanyproblems，andhisfamily__3__(spend)alotoftimetogether.__4__，thingsbegantochangeafewyearsago.真题剖析Hisparentsmovedtothecitytowork，andtheycouldnotbeathometolook__5__him.Sohebecamelessinterestedin__6__(study)andwasabsentfromclasses.Thenhisparentsweresoworried__7__theydecidedtosendhimtoaboardingschool.Hefoundlifetheredifficult.Onedayhetoldhisteacherthathewantedtoleavetheschool.Histeacheradvisedhisparentstotalkwith__8__(they)soninperson.Thisconversationchangedhislife.Herealizedthathisparentswouldalwayslovehim，andtheywouldbe__9__(pride)ofeverythinggoodthathedid.Nowheismuch__10__(happy)andmoreoutgoingthanheusedtobe.1.______ 2.__________3._____

4.__________5.__________ 6._____________7.__________ 8.____________9.___________ 10._____________doesdifficultiesspentHoweverafterstudyingthattheirproudhappier【文章大意】由于李文的父母到城市去工作不能在家照顾他，他变得厌学并想离开学校，老师建议父母与他谈一谈，李文通过谈话意识到父母对他的爱，变得更开心也更外向了。【解析】1．does根据语境及并列连词and前面的时态(works)可知，此处讲的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时；主语“He”为单数第三人称，谓语动词应用单三式。故填does。命题点：动词的时态2．difficulties根据语境可知，此处指李文过去在学校有困难，强调的是具体意义上的困难的事，应用复数形式。故填difficulties。命题点：名词的复数3．spent根据语境可知，此处说的是李文小时候的事情，结合并列连词and前面的时态(caused)可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填spent。命题点：动词的时态4．However根据语境可知，在李文小的时候，他的家人花很多时间待在一起，然而几年前事情发生了变化，他的父母到城市去工作不能在家照顾他。空格前后构成转折关系，结合空格后的逗号可知，此处应填表转折的副词however，且注意首字母要大写。故填However。命题点：逻辑推理5．after根据语境可知，此处指李文的父母到城市去工作不能在家照顾他。lookafter是固定搭配，意为“照顾”。故填after。命题点：固定搭配6．studying此处应用动名词形式作介词in的宾语。故填studying。命题点：非谓语动词(动名词)7．that句意：然后他的父母如此担忧以至于他们决定把他送去一所寄宿学校。so...that...是固定搭配，意为“如此……以至于……”。故填that。命题点：固定搭配8．their句意：他的老师建议他的父母亲自和他们的儿子谈一谈。空格后有名词“son”，此处应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。命题点：代词的用法(变形)9．proud

beproudof是固定搭配，意为“为……骄傲”，此处应用pride的形容词形式。故填proud。命题点：固定搭配(词形变化/词性转换)10．happier根据空格前的“much”及后面的“than”可知，此处应用比较级形式。故填happier。命题点：形容词的比较等级1．给出提示词的空(1)若所给单词为名词，一般会从它的复数形式、形容词形式等方面考查。(2)若所给单词为动词，一般会围绕时态、语态、第三人称单数形式以及非谓语动词进行考查，有时也会考查词性转换(如变为名词或形容词)。这就需要根据上下文语境及分析句子成分加以判别。方法点拨(3)若所给单词为形容词或副词，一般会考查它的比较级、最高级形式或者其副词或形容词形式。这就需要掌握形容词变副词的相关规则以及形容词、副词的比较级、最高级的构成形式。(4)若所给词为代词，一般会考查宾格、物主代词或反身代词形式。在动词或介词后作宾语时要用代词的宾格；在名词前做限定词或相当于名词时要用物主代词；强调“某人亲自做某事”以及在一些固定搭配中(如enjoyoneself)常用反身代词。2．没有提示词的空这类题型相较上面的而言，略有难度。因为没有任何提示信息，考生一定要弄清句意及所填词的词性，并结合平时所学的语法知识，作出答案预测，对于有把握的答案可先填入空白处，然后逐一解决困难的选项。一般而言，没有任何提示的空常会考查如下内容：(1)冠词：此类题通常考查冠词的基本用法以及固定搭配。如：alotof，thesameas。(2)介词：此类题会考查介词的基本用法，也涉及动词与介词(或副词)的搭配(如：waitfor，turndown)、形容词与介词的搭配(如：beinterestedin，bestrictwith)或相关介词短语(如：atleast，asaresult)。(3)连接词：此类题要求根据上下文的语意逻辑关系，填入合适的连接词。主要分为两种类型，一种是并列连词(如：and，but，or，so)，另一种是主从复合句连接词，即从句的引导词，(如：that，whether，which，who，whom，where，when，why，how等)。(4)固定句式：此类题也会考查一些常用的固定句式及搭配。如：too...to...，so...that...，as...as...(5)其他考查点：①it作形式主语或形式宾语的用法；②感叹句引导词(what和how)；③部分根据语境、逻辑关系及句意可以直接填出的词【如：either用在否定句句末；however表转折(通常在句首，且有逗号与后面句子隔开，2020宁夏中考已考)】；④形容词作表语，通常不变形(如2019宁夏中考考查了nervous作表语)【注：形容词通常在look，sound，taste，smell等感官系动词或be动词后作表语；形容词原级前常有very，so，too，quite，really等修饰词；在notas/so...as...结构中形容词要用原级】；⑤不定式符号to(如2019宁夏中考考查了不定式作目的状语，需填不定式符号to)【注意常考句型结构中的to：It's＋adj.＋(for/ofsb.)todosth.；It'stime＋(forsb.)todosth.】；⑥动词不定式作使役动词make，let和感官动词see，hear等的宾语补足语时，通常省略不定式符号to，即make/let/see/hear/...sb.dosth.(注意see，hear等感官动词也可接现在分词作宾语补足语，需要根据语境确定)；⑦在情态动词can，should或hadbetter等后要用动词原形。技巧训练(一)(2020•绍兴)About20millionchildreninAmericaattendsummercampeveryyear，accordingtoAmericaAssociation(ACA)．Theylookforwardto__1__(spend)timetherewithfriends.Butwithsocial­distancing(社交距离)rulesin__2__UnitedStates，manysummercampsfacedifficultdecisions.Canthey__3__(safe)welcomecampersthisyear？Dotheyneedtoclosefortheseason？Orshould__4__changehowtheycarryouttheirprograms?“Mostcampsareaskingnotonlywhenthey'regoingtoopen，__5__alsohowthey'regoingtoopen，”saysTomRosenberg，presidentoftheACA.Hesaysthatmanycamps__6__(wait)oninstructionsfromthegovernmentnow.“Thestate'ssummercampscouldopen__7__June，”BethBye，theleaderoftheConnecticutOfficeofEarlyChildhood，saidaweekago.“Butthereneedtobe__8__(strict)healthrulesthanever.Mostprogramswillnot__9__(allow)tohavemorethan30kids.”Byeaddedthatcampsareimportantforbothkidsand__10__(parent)．“Formanyfamilies，”shetoldTheNewYorkTimes，“summercampistheirchildcare.”1.______ 2.__________3._____

4.__________5.__________ 6._____________7.__________ 8.____________9.___________ 10._____________spendingthesafelythebutarewaitinginstricterbeallowedparents(二)(2020•湖州)WhenteacherMargretAtkins，39，wenttorideherbiketoschoollastFriday，shewasshockedtodiscoverit__1__(steal)．Whenourreporterspoketoher，shetoldhimthatshe'dbeenangrywhensherealizedthebikewasgone.Itwasquite__2__oldbikehergrandpahadgivenheryearsago.Shesaiditwas__3__(valuable)giftshe'deverreceived.Sowhatdidshedo？Shedecided__4__(write)anotetothethiefandputitwherethebikehadbeentakenaway.Tohersurprise，she__5__(find)thethiefhadreturnedthebike，togetherwithawrittenapology(道歉)laterthatday.“WhatIdidwas__6__(complete)wrong.I'mreallysorryItookyourbike.Hopeyoucanaccept__7__(I)apology！”Mrs.Atkinstoldreportersshewasnotgoingtocallthepolice__8__shewasnolongerangry.Shewasjustthankfulthatshecouldgotoschoolonherbikeagain.Sheaddedthatshe'dprobablywriteanotherpassagetothethief.“Iwanttothankhim__9__returningthebikeandtellhimI'veforgiven(原谅)him，”sheexplained.“Peoplesometimesmake__10__(mistake)，buttheimportantthingisthattheyownupto(承认)whatthey'vedone，”shesaid.1.______ 2.__________3._____

4.__________5.__________ 6._____________7.__________ 8.____________9.___________ 10._____________wasstolen

anthemostvaluabletowritefoundcompletelymybecauseformistakes(三)(2020•衢州)MrHappyalwayswokeupwithasunnysmile.Hewasoneofthemostcheerful__1__(man)intheworld.Hissmilewaseven__2__(bright)thanthesun.However，hehadonesecretthatmadehimsad，butnobodyknewaboutit.Thenoneday，whilegoingout__3__awalk，MrHappymetMissBeautiful.MrHappysmiledasusualandMissBeautifulsmiledback.ButthenshestoppedandlookedatMrHappy__4__(angry)．“Howrude！”sheshouted.“Youngman，don'tyouknowthatyoushouldraiseyourhat__5__youmeetalady！”For__6__firsttimeinhislife，MrHappylosthissmile.“I'msorry，MissBeautiful.”repliedMrHappy.“Butwithout__7__(I)haton，I'mnotverygood­lookingandthatmakesmesad.”“Really？”askedMissBeautiful.“Well，letmesee.Ipromise__8__(keep)thesecret.”MrHappy__9__(lift)hishat.Hehadthetotalofonlythreehairsonhishead!“Isthatallyou'reworriedabout？”askedMissBeautiful.“Why？Yourbrightsunnysmile__10__(love)byeverybody，nothowmanyhairsyouhave！”MissBeautifulsmiled.Eversincethatday，MrHappyhasn'tstoppedsmiling.Heisalwaysquicktoraisehishattoeveryonehemeets.1.______ 2.__________3._____

4.__________5.__________ 6._____________7.__________ 8.____________9.___________ 10._____________menbrighterforangrilywhen/as/if

themytokeepliftedisloved(四)(2020•宜宾)EverydaybringsnewstoriesandinformationaboutCOVID-­19.Somestories__1__(be)encouraging，whileothersbringbadnews.Howcanyouknowwhototurnto？Canyoutrust