Unit 1 知识点复习学案-2022-2023学年高中英语人教版2019选择性必修第一册

选修一Unit1重点短语1.

坚决要求2.

(正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗3.

承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)4.

得出结论5.

对……印象深刻;被……打动6.

流程图7.

为社会做出巨大贡献8.

(开始)掌权;上台9.

担任;任职10.

竖立起来11.

把……错当成……12.

去世13.__________

总结;概括14.leadto

15.getstuck

16.bychance

17.drawout

_________18.otherthan

19.bedistinctfrom

20.standupto

21.asaconsequence

22.undernocircumstances

23.putforward

24.inparticular

25.drawon

重点词汇拓展_________adj.至关重要的;关键性的→___________adv.关键性地________adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的→________adv.极其;绝对→__________n.生命力;活力________n.目标;目的

adj.客观的→___________vi.反对;不赞成n.物体→_______________n.不赞成;反对

___________adj.植物学的→botanyn.植物学_______________植物学家___________vt.评价;评估→_______________n.评估,评价__________adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的→_________________n.差别;区分;卓越________vt.分析→______________n.分析器;分析者→____________n.(对事物的)分析,分析结果_______________adv.显而易见;看来;显然→apparentadj.显而易见;明白易懂____________adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的→______________adv.合乎科学地→sciencen.科学;自然科学→_______________n.科学家_____________adv.主要地;一般地→mostadv.(与两个或两个以上音节的形容词或副词连用,构成最高级)最;(程度上)最大,最多;极其____________v.下结论；_____________n.结论，推论_________n.(小说)__________adj,新颖的_____________小说家____________v.创建；建立______________(pt.)_____________(n.)___________n.政策；____________adj.政治的；__________n.政治；___________n.政治家______________普通的；_____________非凡的；______________n.结果，后果；______________adj.作为结果的，随之而来的；____________adv.结果，因此_________温柔的，文静的；______________adj.温柔地

vt.承诺;保证vi.忠于(某个人、机构等);全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→

adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的→

n.承诺;保证;承担义务;花费金钱、时间、人力等___________n.v.评论；______________(adj.非凡的；显著的)__________v.迅速离开；逃跑____________(pt.)__________(pp.)重点词语用法crucialadj.至关重要的；关键性的acrucialfactor/issue/decision关键的因素/问题/决定becrucialto对......至关重要Andersonplayedacrucialroleintheteam’svictoryonSaturday.安德森在球队周六的胜利中发挥了至关重要的作用2.vitaladj.必不可少的；极其重要的；生死攸关的；充满生机的bevitalto/for…对……是至关重要的bevitaltodosth.做某事是至关重要的avitalrole至关重要的作用performvitalfunction起重要作用Itisvitalthat…(should)do…做……是至关重要的/生死攸关的。1)Perseveranceisvitaltosuccess.毅力对于成功是至关重要的。2)Itwasvitaltogivefirstaidtotheinjuredman.对这位伤者实施急救是至关重要的。3)It’svitalthatwe(should)carryouttheoperationimmediately.我们应立刻开始手术，因为这生死攸关。committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的commitvt.犯（错误、罪行），干（坏事）；承诺，保证；投入vi.投入commitmentn.[C，U]许诺，承诺；[U](对工作或某活动)献身，奉献，投入；[C，U](资金、时间、人力的)花费，使用makeacommitmenttosb./sth.对某人/某物作出承诺makeacommitmenttodosth./todoingsth.保证/承诺做某事carryoutonescommitment履行某人的承诺becommittedto(doing)sth.尽力/承诺做某事commitanerror犯错commitsb./oneselfto(doing)sth.承诺做某事commitacrime犯罪Themostawkwardemailmistakeisusuallycommittedinanger.最尴尬的邮件错误通常是在愤怒中犯的。Buthequicklyfoundthathelovedplayingthisinstrument,andwascommittedtopracticingitsothatwithinacoupleofmonthshewasplayingreasonablywell.但他很快就发现自己喜欢演奏这种乐器并很投入地练习，所以不出几个月他的演奏就相当不错了。4..boilvt.&vi.（使）沸腾；煮开；烧开n.沸腾；沸点boilwithanger怒火中烧，非常愤怒Awatchedpotneverboils.心急吃不了热豆腐。Theyplannedtokeepthebudgetlowbylivingonboilednoodles.他们打算以煮面条为食来降低预算。3)100℃isthetemperatureatwhichwaterwillboil.5.distinctadj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的make/drawadistinction区分开来；区别对待clear/sharpdistinction明显的不同Itisdistinct/clearthat…很清楚（=Distinctly/Clearly,...）Eg.Itisdistinctthatweshouldmakeadistinctionbetweentheprimarytasksandroutineworkinourdailywork.很明显，我们在日常工作中要把主要任务和常规工作区分开来。6.acknowledgevt.承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢acknowledgedoing/havingdone承认做了……acknowledge…as/tobe…承认……是……It'swidely/generally/universallyacknowledgedthat………是大家所公认的。WhenaskedaboutthereceiptofTom’sletter,heacknowledgedit.当问到是否收到汤姆的信件，他承认收到了。Hisservicestothesocietyhavebeenofficiallyacknowledged.他为社会所做的工作得到了官方认可。Theyacknowledgedthatthetopictheywerediscussingaboutwasrelevanttonationalsecurity.他们承认，他们讨论的话题与国家安全有关。Theyacknowledgedhavingabandonedtheshipatlast.最后，他们承认了弃船逃生了。Sheisgenerallyacknowledgedtobe/asoneofthegreatestpianistsintheworld.=Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthatsheisoneofthegreatestpianistsintheworld.她是世界上公认的最卓越的钢琴家之一.7.mostlyadv.主要地；一般地bemostlyfrom主要来自......bemostlyusedtodosth.主要用于做某事bemostlyusedfor主要用于......Thelistenersaremostlymiddleschoolstudents,rangingfrom12to18.听众大多数是中学生，其年龄在12岁到18岁不等。2)Wehear(most)aboutoceanplasticandtheharmdonetoseacreaturesthatmistakeplasticbagsandbitsforfood.8.conclusionn.结论；推论cometo/draw/reachaconclusion得出结论jumptoconclusion匆忙下结论bring...toaconclusion使......结束inconclusion最后Beingabletoreadpeoplehelpskidsfrommisreadingasituationandjumpingtofalseconclusions.能理解他人可以帮助孩子们避免错误判断处境并贸然得出错误的结论。Whatdoyouthinkbringstheprofessortothisconclusion?你认为是什么使教授得出这个结论？Theymadefullinvestigationsprevioustoreachingaconclusion.他们在下结论之前进行了充分的调查。9.circumstancen.条件；环境；状况under/in…circumstances在……情况下under/inthecircumstances在这种情况下；既然这样under/inanycircumstances在任何情况下ifcircumstancesallow/permit如果情况允许under/innocircumstances决不，一点儿也不Undersuchcircumstances,thesepeoplearelikelytoabusetheirpower.在这样的情况下，这些人可能会滥用他们的权力。Undernocircumstancescanyoutaketheriskofleavinghimalone.你绝对不能冒险留下他独自一人。10.flown.流；流动；流畅；供应vi.流；流动theflowofcars车流theflowofthewater水流theflowoffunds资金流stoptheflowofbloodfromthewound止住伤口流血Thesehormonesalsohaveapositiveeffectontheheartandthebloodflow.Manstrugglesupwards;waterflowsdownwards.人往高处走，水往低处流。11.standupto经得住（检验等）standupfor支持，维持standfor代表，象征Facedwiththefailure,somecanstanduptoit,drawusefullessonsfromitandtryhardtofulfillwhattheyaredeterminedtodo.Ithinkthepeopleinthiscountrywillstandupforwhatisright.我认为，该国人民会坚持正义。重点句型：1)Onemedicaltextfromthefourthcenturysuggested_______(use)theextractfromsweetwormwood...2)_______(use)alowertemperaturetodrawouttheextract,shefoundasubstancethatworked.3)Upon______(hear)thatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjustmine...”4)Thisyear’sNobelPrize______PhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoTuYouyou(co-winner),______researchledtothediscoveryofartemisinin,____crucialnewtreatmentformalaria.5)Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,and_________(think)tosave100,000livesayearinAfricaalone.6)Thatsameyear,________waslaterrecordedasamiracleyearinscience,hepublishedfourextraordinaryphysicspapers.7)Later,themedicine_____________(test)onmalariapatients,mostof______recovered.8)Thismedicine，_______wascalledartemisinin,soonbecameastandardtreatment______malaria.9)Itisindeed_____honorforChina’sscientificresearchandChinesemedicine____________(spread)aroundtheworld.10)Hemadenumerous______________(contribute)totheworld,themostwell-known_________(be)thegeneraltheoryofrelativityandthefamousformulaE=mc2.11)Whenhewas16,hetriedtoenteruniversityinSwitzerland,butfailedduetohislowscoresinthegeneralpartoftheentranceexam,despiteobtaining__________(except)scoresinmathandphysics.Afterstudyingforanotheryear,hemanagedtopasstheexam,___________(enter)universityin1896andgraduatingin1900.12)While__________(work)there,outofastrongpassionforknowledge,hecontinuedtostudy,___________(earn)adoctorateinphysicsin1905.13)In1922,he____________(award)the1921NobelPrizeforPhysicsforhis_____________(explain)ofthephotoelectriceffect(光电效应).14)Circumstanceschangedin1933,________HitlercametopowerinGermany.15)Tothepublic,hewasseenasa_______(slight)odd-lookingbutkindandfunnyman.重点短语：insistonwearandtearcommitoneselftodocometoaconclusionbeimpressedbyflowchartmakegreatcontributionstosocietycometopowertakeupaposition