2021-2022年四川省雅安市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题一卷(含答案)

2021-2022年四川省雅安市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题一卷(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.Morepeoplewouldusenotesandcointoprotect______whenelectroniccashpaymentsareunderstrictmonitoring.

2.

Fortheexerciser,asimplemethodincheckingtheintensityoftheexerciseistoseethatwhetheronecan______whilehavingtheexercise.

3.

People'sconfidenceinreadingmightbedestroyedby______.

4.

What'sthepurposeofthemanufacturers'addingaswitchtomostnewtelevisionsets?

A.Tomakemoremoney.

B.Tospreadthecablesystem.

C.Tomakeordinaryviewingpossible.

D.Toadapttothenewdevelopmentofthecablesystem.

5.

InthefirstyearofChina'sentryintoWTO,0.3%ofChina'sactualGDPgrowthwillbesubmittedtothisorganizationasstatedby______.

6.

EvenafterWal-MartmadeSamWaltonextremelywealthy,hestillledaverythriftylifeandaskedhisemployeestofollowsuit.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

Investmentinenvironment______present-dayeconomicdevelopment.

8.

Cigarettesmanufacturerswereeagerto'quittelevisionandradioadvertisingbecausethecostofadvertisingwasgettingmuchhigher.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.Calories

Foryearsnow,calorieshavebeenalltherage—peopleareCountingthemandcuttingthem,andyou'dbehardpressedtofindsomethingatthesupermarketthatdoeshotlistitscaloriesperservingsomewhereonthepackage.Buthaveyoueverwonderedwhatexactlyacalorieis?

WhatisaCalorie

Acaloricisaunitofenergy.Wetendtoassociatecalorieswithfood,buttheyapplytoanythingcontainingenergy.Forexample,agallon(about4liters)ofgasolinecontainsabout31,000,000calories.

Specifically,acaloricistheamountofenergy,orheat,ittakestoraisethetemperatureof1gramofwater1degreeCelsius(1.8degreesFahrenheit).Onecaloricisequalto4.184joules(焦耳),acommonunitofenergyusedinthephysicalsciences.Mostofusthinkofcaloriesinrelationtofood,asin"Thiscanofsodahas200calories."Itturnsoutthatthecaloriesonafoodpackageareactuallykilocalories(1,000calories=1kilocalorie).Thewordissometimescapitalizedtoshowthedifference,butusuallynot.Afoodcaloriecontains4,184joules.Acanofsodacontaining200foodcaloriescontains200,000regularcalories,or200kilocalories.Agallonofgasolinecontains31,000kilocalories.

Thesameappliestoexercisewhenafitnesschartsaysyouburnabout100caloriesforeverymileyoujog,itmeans100kilocalories.Forthedurationofthisarticle,whenwesay"calorie",wemean"kilocalorie".

WhatCaloriesDo

Humanbeingsneedenergytosurvive—tobreathe,move,pumpblood—andtheyacquirethisenergyfromfood.

Thenumberofcaloriesinafoodisameasureofhowmuchpotentialenergythatfoodpossesses.Agramofcarbohydrates(碳水化合物)has4calories,agrainofproteinhas4calories,andagramoffathas9calories.Foodsareacompilationofthesethreebuildingblocks.Soifyouknowhowmanycarbohydrates,fatsandproteinsareinanygivenfood,youknowbowmanycalories,orhowmuchenergy,thatfoodcontains.

Ifwelookatthenutritionallabelonthebackofapacketbfmaple-and-brown-sugaroatmeal(麦片),wefindthatithas160calories.Thismeansthatifweweretopourthisoatmealintoadish,settheoatmealonfireandgetittoburncompletely(whichisactuallyprettytricky),thereactionwouldproduce160kilocalories(remember:foodcaloriesarekilocalories)enoughenergytoraisethetemperatureof160kilogramsofwater1degreeCelsius.Ifwelookcloseratthenutritionallabel,weseethatouroatmealhas2gramsoffat,4gramsofproteinand32gramsofcarbohydrates,producingatotalof162calories(apparently,foodmanufacturersliketorounddown).Ofthese162calories,18comefromfat(9cal×2g),16comefromprotein(4cal×4g)and128comefromcarbohydrates(4cal×32g).

YourCaloricNeeds

Justhowmanycaloriesdoourcellsneedtofunctionwell?Thenumberisdifferentforeveryperson.Youmaynoticeonthenutritionallabelsofthefoodsyoubuythatthe"percentdailyvalues"arebasedona2,000caloriediet—2,000caloriesisaroughaverageofwhataperson.needstoeatinaday,butyourbodymightneedmoreorlessthan2,000calories.Height,weight,gender,ageandactivitylevelallaffectyourcaloricneeds.Therearethreemainfactorsinvolvedincalculatinghowmanycaloriesyourbodyneedsperday:

-Basalmetabolicrate(基本新陈代谢率)

-Physicalactivity

-Thermic(热的)effectoffood

Yourbasalmetabolicrate(BMR)istheamountofenergyyourbodyneedstofunctionatrest.Thisaccountsforabout60to70percentofcaloriesburnedinadayandincludestheenergyrequiredtokeeptheheartbeating,thelungsbreathing,thekidneysfunctioningandthebodytemperaturestabilized.Ingeneral,menhaveahigherBMRthanwomen.

The

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

WhooncehadtolearntheAuto-TunetechniquefromT-Pain?

A.DixieChicks.B.Metallica.C.Diddy.D.Prince.

11.

FreudreturnedtoViennain1886andbeganworkasadoctorin______.

12.

Shynessmaybeindicatedby______.

13.

Withinthe______field,psychologistshavecontroversyonhowbesttomeasureandanalyzeintelligence.

A.neurologyB.psychologyC.psychometricsD.notmentioned

14.

Thelocalpeoplelookhungrilyatthegamereserves.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.Enteringriversby______,phosphatesandnitratesasfertilizerscanresultineutrophication.

16.

RudolphFisherandWallaceThurmandiedrespectivelyonDecember______and______,1934.

17.

DeCoubertinamendedtheOlympicChartermanytimes.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.MostofAntarcticaappearstobeimmunetothebigmeltfornowbecauseit'slargelyinsulatedfromglobaltrendsandit'ssobigastogenerate______.

19.

Oilinthisworldwillbeexhaustedoneday,inthefuture,butthatmaynotcomesosoonaswewouldsuppose.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

Whenyouarefacedwithfears,youusuallyfindthesituationis______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Whensomebodycalls,firstofall,thehostwouldofferhimacigaretteandacupoftea.Inthecountryside,【B1】______,oldmenusedtosharewiththevisitinggueststhelong-stemmedChinesepipewhichtheythemselvesweresmoking.Atwedding【B2】______,brideswouldoffercigarettestoailtheguestswhocametoexpresstheir【B3】______andlightthecigarettesforeachofthemoneafteranother.

Allthesewereoriginallyaimedat【B4】______theChinesehospitalityandrespecttowardtheguests,butinrecentyears,theoldtraditionhasbeenusedasameansto【B5】______goodrelations.

Eventhosewhoneversmokehave【B6】______cigarettesintheirpockets.Whenevertheyhavetoseeksomebody's【B7】______,theyusuallyfirstofferhimacigarette.Iftheother【B8】______turnsitdown,heisbeingimpolite.

【B9】___________________________.Butneitherpeoplewhooffercigarettesnorthosewhotakethemfullyrealizeit.

【B10】_____________________________________.

OnceIpaidavisittorelative.【B11】___________________________.Instead,heplacedthecigarettepacketonthetableandtoldme,"Cigarettesproducecarbonmonoxideandnicotine.Butifyoudon'tmindthis,takeityourself."

Hiswayofofferingcigaretteswasuniquebutworthlearning.

【B1】

22.

【B9】

23.(47)

24.听力原文：W:Here'sthisweek'sschedule.OnMonday,there'stheboardmeeting.YourspeechattheLion'sClubonTuesday.Then,onWednesday,you'resupposedtoseethedentist.

M:I'mgladIdon'thavetotraveltothebusinessconferenceuntilnextweek.

Q:WhatwillthemandoonTuesday?

(19)

A.Hemustseethedentist.

B.Hemustgiveaspeech.

C.Hehasameetingtoattend.

D.Hemusttraveltoabusinessconference.

25.(13)

A.Hisflightarrivedlate.

B.Shirleyhadalongdrivetotheairport.

C.Hisflighttookthreehours.

D.Shirleyhadtroublefindingtheairport.

26.(32)

A.Notasgoodasitwasin1960.

B.Betterthanitwaslastyear.

C.Especiallygoodforgraduatesinliberalarts.

D.Notverygoodforrecentgraduates.

27.听力原文：Today,IwouldliketobeginbydiscussingearlyEuropeansettlementalongoneofourwell-knownrivers,theHudson,whichemptiesintotheAtlantictoform.NewYorkbay.TheHudsonriverhasacoupleofinterestingphysicalfeaturesthatmadeitveryattractiveforsettlementbytheEuropeans.ThefirstisthatriverextendsinlandfromtheAtlanticOceanformorethan150mileswithnowaterfallsorrapids.Itssurfaceisvirtuallyflatforthatentiredistance,withnoobstacles.Second,thewhole150-milestretchisinfluencedbytidesfromtheAtlanticOcean.Roughlyeverysixhours,theriverreversesdirection,flowingnorthwhenthetideisrisingandsouthtowardtheoceanwhenthetideisgoingdown.ObviouslytherewerenoobstaclestopreventsettlersfrommovingfurtherupstreamontheHudsonriverandthisexplainswhytheDutchpenetratedsofarinland.TheywerethefirstEuropeanstosettleintheHudsonvalley.Ofcourse,togoupstream,theDutchsettlersneededtherightkindofboat,andsotonavigatetheriver,theydesignasloopwithonlyonemastbuttwosails,oneriggedinfrontofthemastandonebehind.Themastwasverytall,inmanycasesover100feettall,sothatthelargesailscouldcatchwindsblowingabovetheshorelinehills.Hudsonriversloopscarriedpassengersandcargo.Thecargorangingfromcoal,lumberandhaytofruit,vegetablesandlivestock.Travelingonlytenmilesanhourinagoodwind,thesloopwasnottoospeedybymodernstandards,butitwasideallysuitedtotheDutchsettlement,andinfactwhenthesteamboateventuallywasintroduced,itcouldn'tkeepupwiththesloop.

(33)

A.Thestrengthofitsshipbuildingindustry.

B.Thephysicalfeaturesoftheriveritself.

C.Theabundanceoffruit,vegetables,andlivestock.

D.ThesimilarityofclimatetothatinEurope.

28.(31)

A.Topresenttheirresults.

B.Toshowofftheirresults.

C.Tomakethemselvesbrave.

D.Tobecomeactivepeople.

29.(29)

A.Theythinkthemfashionable.

B.Theywanttokeepthemselvesfit.

C.Theylookforpleasureandexcitementinactivities.

D.Theyhavealotoffreetimetoenjoythemselves.

30.(21)

A.Theamountofskinaffectedbythecut.

B.Thecauseofthecut.

C.Thenumberofnerveendingsirritated.

D.Theamountofbleeding.

31.听力原文：W:IfeelsouneasyabouttrustingDavidwithourmoney.Howaboutyou?

M:Somepeoplesayhe'snotreliable,butothershavealotofconfidenceinhim.I'mwillingtogivehimthebenefitofthedoubt.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(13)

A.HethinksDavidisnotreliable.

B.He'swillingtotrustDavid.

C.HehastoldhisdoubtstoDavid.

D.HethinksDavidwillbenefitfromthisexperience.

32.听力原文：W:We'dbettergetmovingifwedon'twanttobelate.

M:Takeiteasy.It'sthreeo'clocknow.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(17)

A.They'dbetterhurrybecausetheyhavenotimetolose.

B.Theyneedn'thurrybecausetheystillhavetime.

C.Theywillnotbelatebecauseitiseasytogetthere.

D.Theyshouldtaketheeasiestwayinordernottobelate.

33.(34)

A.Itwashardtoachieve.

B.Itwentagainstwhattheyhavebeentaught.

C.Itwasbeyondtheircapability.

D.Itwentagainsttheirinstinct.

34.

【B11】

35.听力原文：ItiscommonlybelievedintheUnitedStatesthatschooliswherepeoplegotogetaneducation.Nevertheless,thedistinctionbetweenschoolingandeducationimpliedalot.

Educationismuchmoreopen-endedandall-inclusivethanschooling.Itcantakeplaceanywhere,whetherintheshowerorinthejob.Itincludesboththeformallearningthattakesplaceinschoolsandthewholeuniverseofinformallearning.Theagentsofeducationcanrangefromareveredgrandparenttothepeopledebatingpoliticsontheradio,fromachildtoadistinguishedscientist.Whereasschoolinghasacertainpredictability,educationquiteoftenproducessurprises.Achanceconversationwithastrangermayleadapersontodiscoverhowlittleisknownofotherreligions.Peopleareengagedineducationfrominfancyon.Education,then,isaverybroad,inclusiveterm.Itisalifelongprocess,aprocessthatstartslongbeforethestartofschool,andonethatshouldbeanintegralpartofone'sentirelife.

Schooling,ontheotherhand,isaspecific,formalizedprocess,whosegeneralpatternvarieslittlefromonesettingtothenext.Throughoutacountry,childrenarriveatschoolatapproximatelythesametime,takeas-signedseats,aretaughtbyanadult,usesimilartextbooks,dohomework,takeexams,andsoon.Theslicesofrealitythataretobelearned,whethertheyarethealphabetoranunderstandingoftheworkingofgovernment,haveusuallybeenlimitedbytheboundariesofthesubjectbeingtaught.Forexample,highschoolstudentsknowthatthey'renotlikelytofindoutintheirclassesthetruthaboutpoliticalproblemsintheircommunitiesorwhatthenewestfilmmakersareexperimentingwith.Therearedefiniteconditionssurroundingtheformalizedprocessofschooling.

(30)

A.Atschool.B.Athome.C.Inacommunity.D.Inalibrary.

36.听力原文：GeneralizingabouteducationintheUnitedStatesinvolvessomehazardbecauseeducationisdecentralizedandstandardsvaryfromplacetoplace.Whatismore,diversityisthehall-markofAmericaneducation.

EducationislargelyapublicfunctioninAmerica,butreligiousandprivateinstitutionsdosponsorschools.Theseprivateschools,particularlyintheprimaryandsecondaryfield,arenowenjoyingaresurgence.

MostchildreninAmericabeginschoolinakindergartenclassatage5.Thisfollowswitheightyearsofprimaryeducation,thenfouryearsofhighschool.Educationiscompulsoryuntilaboutage16.Theexistenceoflargeminorities,manywithaprimarylanguageotherthanEnglish,complicatestheeducationalprocess.ManyAmericansdonotbelievethattheirschoolstandardsarehighenough.Thehighrateoffunctionalilliteracygivescredencetothischarge.

HighereducationinAmericaiswidespreadwithabout1,800post-secondaryinstitutions.Theseincludetwo-yearcommunitycolleges,four-yearundergraduatecollegesanduniversities,andmanyschoolswhichhaveextensivegraduateprograms.Someschoolsareprivatelyfunded,butmostreceivethebulkoftheirfundingfrompublicsources.Thereisagreatrangeofqualitybetweenhighereducationalinstitutionsand,someuniversitieshaveoutstandingacademicrecords.Thesequalitydifferencesmaybeoveremphasizedformanynon-prestigeschoolshaveexcellentprograms.Inthelongrun,theindividualdeterminestheeducationhegets.

(33)

A.Therearenotacceptedstandards.

B.Therearetoomanyschools.

C.Decentralizationbringsmuchdiversity.

D.Noonehascriticallystudiedthesubject.

37.

【B7】

38.

【B2】

39.(22)

A.WhyhisparentswantedtogotoGettysburg.

B.Whyhisfamily'svacationplanschangedtenyearsago.

C.Wherehisfamilywentforavacationtenyearsago.

D.Whenhisfamilywentontheirlastvacation.

40.(28)

A.Plantingcrops.

B.Clearingnewland.

C.Buildinghouses.

D.Caringforanimals.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Oneoftheargumentsagainstclosingtherailwaylinewasthat______.

A.afewtouristswouldcomeintothearea

B.peoplefromoutlyingdistrictswouldbeunabletoattendreligiousservices

C.theeconomyofthepeoplewouldsuffergreatly

D.itwouldbedifficulttogofromLyntontoBarnstaple

42.

Inthispassage,whatdoestheauthormentionasanexampleofthepossiblemisuseofscientificknowledgewithseriousconsequences?

43.

【C8】

44.【S6】

45.

【C6】

46.Coincidentwithconcernsabouttheacceleratinglossofspeciesandhabitatshasbeenagrowingappreciationoftheimportanceofbiologicaldiversity,thenumberofspeciesinaparticularecosystem,tothehealthoftheEarthandhumanbeing.Muchhasbeenwrittenaboutthediversityofterrestrial(陆生的)organisms,particularlytheexceptionallyrichlifeassociatedwithtropicalrainforesthabitats.

Relativelylittlehasbeensaid,however,aboutdiversityoflifeintheseaeventhoughcoralreefsystemsarecomparabletorainforestsintermsofrichnessoflife.AnalienexploringEarthwouldprobablygiveprioritytotheplanet'sdominant,mostdistinctivefeature—theocean.Humanshaveabiastowardlandthatsometimesgetsinthewayoftrulyexaminingglobalissues.Seenfromfaraway,itiseasytorealizethatlandmassesoccupyonethirdoftheEarth'ssurface.GiventhattwothirdsoftheEarth'ssurfaceiswaterandthatmarinelifelivesatalllevelsoftheocean,thetotalthreedimensionallivingspaceoftheoceanisperhaps100timesgreaterthanthatoflandandcontainsmorethan90percentofalllifeonEartheventhoughtheoceanhasfewerdistinctspecies.

Thefactthathalfoftheknownspeciesarethoughttoinhabittheworld'srainforestsdoesnotseemsurprising,consideringthehugenumbersofinsectsthatcomprisethebulkofthespecies.Onescientistfoundmanydifferentspeciesofantsinjustonetreefromarainforest.Whileeveryspeciesisdifferentfromeveryotherspecies,theirgeneticmakeupconstrainsthemtobeinsectsandtosharesimilarcharacteristicswith750,000speciesofinsects.Ifbasic,broadcategoriessuchasphylaandclasses(门和纲)aregivenmoreemphasisthandifferentiatingbetweenspecies,thenthegreatestdiversityoflifeisunquestionablyinthesea.Nearlyeverymajortypeofplantandanimalhassomerepresentationthere.

Toappreciatefullythediversityandabundanceoflifeinthesea,ithelpstothinksmall.Everyspoonfulofoceanwatercontainslifeontheorderof100to100,000bacterialcellsplusassortedmicroscopicplantsandanimals,includinglarvae(幼虫)oforganismsrangingfromspongesandcoralstostarfishandclamsandmuchmore.

Themaintopicofthepassageisthat______.

A.humansaredestroyingthousandsofspecies

B.therearethousandsofinsectspecies

C.theseaisevenricherinlifethantherainforests

D.coralreefsaresimilartorainforests

47.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

MuchofCanada'sforestryproductiongoestowardsmakingpulpandpaper.AccordingtotheCanadianPulpandPaperAssociation,Canadasupplies34%oftheworld'swoodpulpand49%ofitsnewsprintpaper.Ifthesepaperproductscouldbeproducedinsomeotherway,Canadianforestscouldbepreserved.Recently,apossiblealternativewayofproducingpaperhasbeensuggestedbyagriculturalistsandenvironmentalists:aplantcalledhemp.

Hemphasbeencultivatedbymanyculturesforthousandsofyears.Itproducesfibrewhichcanbemadeintopaper,fuel,oils,textiles,food,andrope.Forcenturies,itwasessentialtotheeconomiesofmanycountriesbecauseitwasusedtomaketheropesandcablesusedonsailingships;colonialexpansionandtheestablishmentofaworld-widetradingnetworkwouldnothavebeenfeasiblewithouthemp.Nowadays,ships'cablesareusuallymadefromwireorsyntheticfibres,butscientistsarenowsuggestingthatthecultivationofhempshouldberevivedfortheproductionofpaperandpulp.Accordingtoitsproponents,fourtimesasmuchpapercanbeproducedfromlandusinghempratherthantrees,andmanyenvironmentalistsbelievethatthelarge-scalecultivationofhempcouldreducethepressureonCanada'sforests.

However,thereisaproblem:hempisillegalinmanycountriesoftheworld.Thisplant,sousefulforfibre,rope,oil,fuelandtextiles,isaspeciesofcannabis,relatedtotheplantfromWhichmarijuanaisproduced.Inthelate1930s,amovementtobanthedrugmarijuanabegantogatherforce,resultingintheeventualbanningofthecultivationnotonlyoftheplantusedtoproducethedrug,butalsoofthecommercialfibre-producinghempplant.Infact,marijuanacannot,beproducedfromthehempplant,sinceitcontainsalmostnoTHC(theactiveingredientinthedrug).

Inrecentyears,amovementforlegalizationhavebeengatheringstrength.Itisconcernedonlywiththehempplantusedtoproducefibre;thisgroupwantstomakeitlegaltocultivatetheplantandsellthefibreforpaperandpulpproduction.

WhyispulpandpaperproductionimportanttoCanada?

A.Canadaneedstofindawaytouseallitssparewood.

B.Canadapublishesalotofnewspapersandbooks.

C.PulpandpaperexportisamajorsourceofincomeforCanada.

D.HempisatraditionalplantofCanada.

48.

Incomparisonwithcivilianclothes,boththeinitialexpenseandmaintenancecostofuniformsare______.

49.

AccordingtotheassumptiongiveninLastPara.,wedon'texactlyknow______.

50.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Thoughexplainingtheentirehumangeneticblueprintisstillafewyearsaway,scientistshavebegunlayingclaimtothestretchesofDNAwhosecodestheyhavesucceededincracking.InrecentyearsresearchershavefloodedtheU.S.PatentandTrademarkOfficewithapplicationsforthousandsofgenesandgenefragments—andtheyhavestirredalotofcontroversyintheprocess.

Thebiggestproblemwithpatentinggenesisthatwhilescientistshaveatleastageneralideaofwhatspecificstrandsofgeneticcodingdo,oftenit'sjustthat—general.Investigatorsdosometimessucceedinisolatingasingle,crispgenewithasingleknownfunction.Often,however,researcherstryingtomapgenesgetnofurtherthanmarkingofffragmentarystretchesofDNAthatmaybethousandsofbasesinlength.Theseso-calledexpressedsequencetagsmayhaverealgeneticinformationembeddedinthem,butdeterminingwherethosefragmentsareandwhattheirstructureistakesmoredigging.GeneticistshavelatelybeenfilingpatentapplicationsfortheseESTsanyway."Iwouldguessthatinmanycasesthescientistsdidn'tevenexamineallthematerial,"saysBruceLehman,commissionerofthePatentandTrademarkOffice.

Notonlycansuchfilingsbecarelessgenetics,theycanalsobebadbusiness.ESTapplicationsmayleadtoso-calledsubmarinepatents,claimsthataremadetodayandthenvanish,onlytoreappearwhensomeunsuspectingscientistfindssomethingusefultodowithgeneshiddeninthepatent.

Moretroublingisaneconomicissue.Iftheentiregeneticschematicispreemptively(抢先)ownedbytheresearchteamsstudyingitnow,whereistheincentiveforindependentscientists—oftensourcesofgreatinnovation—toworkonitlater:Licensingcosts,warnsJeffreyKahn,directoroftheUniversityofMinnesota'sCenterforBioethics,couldholdmedicalprogresshostage.Patentingsupportersinsistthatanequallypersuasiveargumentcouldbemadethatthelargegenome-mappinggroupsneedpatentprotectiontomaketheirworkworthwhiletothem.

Stickierthantheeconomicquestionistheethicalone.Mostofusshrinkfromtheideaofanyone'sowningtherightstoanypartofthehumanform.Besides,ifthefirstanatomist(解剖学家)tospot,say,thepancreas(胰腺)wasnotgrantedtitletoit,whyshouldmoderngenomemappingscientistbeabletoclaimevenasinglegene:Thatkindofargumentisgroundednotinlawbutintheveryideaofwhatitmeanstobehuman—anissuethateventhehighestfederalcourtisnotlikelytosettle.

Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheexpressedsequencetags?

A.Theyaredifficulttomarkoff.

B.Theycontainunidentifiedgeneticinformation.

C.Theycontaintheentirehumangeneticinformation.

D.Theyaregeneswhosespecificfunctionshavebeenidentified.

51.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Thewarwasthemostpeacefulperiodofmylife.Thewindowofmybedroomfacedsoutheast.Mymotherhadcurtainedit,butthathadsmalleffect.Ialwayswokeupwiththefirstlightand,withalltheresponsibilitiesofthepreviousdaymelted,feltmyselfratherlikethesun,readytoshineandfeeljoy.Lifeneverseemedsosimpleandclearandfullofpossibilitiesasthen.Istuckmyfeetoutunderthesheets—IcalledthemMrs.LeftandMrs.Rightandinventeddramaticsituationsfortheminwhichtheydiscussedtheproblemsoftheday.AtleastMrs.Rightdid.Sheeasilyshowedherfeelings,butIdidn'thavethesamecontrolofMrs.Left,soshemostlycontentedherselfwithnoddingagreement.

TheydiscussedwhatMotherandIshoulddoduringtheday,whatSantaClausshouldgiveafellowforChristmas,andwhatstepsshouldbetakentobrightenthehome.Therewasthatlittlematterofthebaby,forinstance.MotherandIcouldneveragreeaboutthat.Ourswastheonlyhouseintheneighborhoodwithoutanewbaby,andMothersaidwecouldn'taffordonetillFathercamebackfromthewarbecauseifcostseventeenandsix.Thatshowedhowfoolishshewas.TheGeneysuptheroadhadababy,andeveryoneknewtheycouldn'taffordseventeenandsix.Itwasprobablyacheapbaby,andMotherwantedsomethingreallygood,butIfeltshewastoohardtoplease.TheGeneysbabywouldhavedoneusfine.

Havingsettledmyplansfortheday,Igotup,putachairundermywindow,andliftedtheframe.highenoughtostickoutmyhead.Thewindowoverlookedthefrontgardensofthehomesbehindours,andbeyondtheseitlookedoveradeepvalleytothetall,red-brickhouseuptheoppositehillside,whichwereallstillshadow,whilethoseonoursideofthevalleywerealllitup,thoughwithlongstorageshadowsthatmadethemseemunfamiliar,stiffandpainted.

AfterthatIwentintoMother'sroomandclimbedintothebigbed.ShewokeandI