2023年全球气候变化跟踪报告-Global Gas Flaring Tracker Report

GlobalGasFlaring

TrackerReport

MARCH2023

THEWORLDBANK

IBRDIDA1WORLDBANKGROUP

2GlobalGasFlaringTrackerReport

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GlobalGasFlaringTrackerReport3

Foreword

Afteradecadeoflittleprogress,globalgasflaringvolumesfell

byaround3%in2022.However,despitethiswelcomereduction,greaterandsustainedeffortsareneededtoendthiswastefulandpollutingpractice.

Thegrowingsenseofurgencyintacklingglobalgasflaringis

furtherfueledbyanincreasedconcernregardingtheamount

ofmethaneemittedduringflaring.Thisyear,ourGlobalGas

FlaringTrackerReportconsidersthe‘stateofthescience’andtheuncertaintysurroundingmethanedestructionefficiencyofflares.Itdrawstheworryingconclusionthat,globally,CO2equivalent

emissionsduetoflaringcouldbehigherthanpreviouslyestimated.

Theglobalgasflaringestimatesthatweproduceyearlyallowustobetterunderstandtheevolvingsituationandwhatwe—asapartnershipofgovernments,companies,andmultilateralorganizations—mustdotoendroutinegasflaringby2030.

Thisyear’sGlobalGasFlaringTrackerReport,aleadingglobalandindependentindicatorofgasflaring,findsthat139billioncubic

meters(bcm)ofgaswasflaredatupstreamoilandgasfacilitiesacrosstheglobein2022.Thiswastedgascoulddisplacedirtier

sourcesofenergyandincreaseenergyaccessinsomeofthe

world’spoorestcountries.Routinegasflaringalsorepresentsa

lostopportunitytoprovidemanycountriesworldwidewithmuch-neededenergysecurity.

Indeed,energysecurityhasbeenacriticalconsideration

throughout2022,andreassuringlyourestimatesfindthatevenasmanycountrieshaveshiftedawayfromimportingRussianoilandgas,thishasnotresultedinanoticeableincreaseinRussianflaring.Atthesametime,wefindthattheenergysourcesthat

manycountriesareturningtohave,inmanycases,beenproducedbycountrieswhoarealsotakingstepstoreducetheirgasflaring.

Threecountries—Nigeria,Mexico,andtheUnitedStates—

accountedformostofthedeclineinglobalgasflaringin2022,withtwoothercountries—KazakhstanandColombia—

standingoutforconsistentlyreducingflaringvolumesinthelastsevenyears.

Twodevelopingcountries—AlgeriaandEgypt—alsogiveushopethatprogressongasflaringreductionwillaccelerateaskey

ingredientsforsuccess,suchaseffectiveregulation,political

will,andinfrastructureareputinplace.Inbothcountries,weseenoteworthyflaringreductionsoverthelastfewyearsbut,perhapsmoreimportantly,thereareclearopportunitiesandeffortsto

furtherreduceflaringandutilizeassociatedgas.

Weurgeallgovernmentsandoperatorstocarefullyassesshowtheyproduceoilandgasandidentifyandseizeopportunities

foreffectiveandlong-termflaringreduction.Itisourhopethat

governmentsandoperatorswillusethedataandinsightsin

thisreporttokickstartprojectsintheircountriesandmake

investmentsingasflaringandventingreductionakeypriority,

significantlycontributingtoemissionsreduction,energysecurity,andenergyaccessintheprocess.

ZubinBamji

ProgramManager

GlobalGasFlaringReductionPartnership

WorldBank

TBaker770/Shutterstock

4GlobalGasFlaringTrackerReport

GlobalGasFlaringTrackerReport5

GlobalPerspective

During2022,globalgasflaringreducedby3%from144bcmin2021to139bcm,accordingtosatellite-basedestimates.Inthesame

periodoftime,oilproductionincreasedby5%from77millionbarrelsperday(bbl/d)in2021to80millionbbl/din20221.Thisdecouplingofgasflaringandoilproductionisnotableandledtoareductionintheglobalaverageflaringintensity,theamountofgasflaredper

barrelofoilproduced,from5.1cubicmetersofgasflaredperbarrelofoilproduced(m3/bbl)in2021to4.7m3/bblin2022.

Nigeriacontributedthemosttotheoverallglobalreduction,

reducingitsflarevolumesby1.3bcmin2022,a20%reductionfrom2021levels.Thiswaslargelyattributabletoa14%declineinoilproductionduringthesameperiod,althoughNigeriadid

experienceaslightimprovementinitsflaringintensity,reducingfrom11.8m3/bblin2021to11.1m3/bblin2022.

TherewasalsoareductionofflaringinMexicoofaround0.8bcm,a13%reductionfrom2021levels.ThisreductionoccurredmainlyintheoffshorefieldsofKu-Maloop-Zaap(KMZ)andAkal(partoftheCantarellcomplex),whichtogetherexperienceda0.45bcm

reduction,andintheCactusconventionaloilfieldonshore,whichexperienceda0.3bcmreduction.Weunderstandthesereductionsarearesultoftheshutting-inofwellswithhighgas-to-oil-ratios(GOR).Indeed,flaringinthesefieldsalonehasreducedbyover

1bcminthepasttwoyearsduetothiswelcomepolicychangeinGORcontrol.Overalloilproductionlevelsdidnotmaterially

changeinMexicoduring2022,andthisdecreaseinflaringledtoanimprovementinMexico’sflaringintensityfrom10.3m3/bblin2021to9.0m3/bblin2022.

Figure1Globalgasflaringandoilproduction1996to2022(flaringatupstreamoilandgasandLNGplantsonly)

Flarevolume(bcm)

225

200

175

150

125

100

75

50

25

0

GasflaringOilproduction

19961998200020022004200620082010201220142016201820202022

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Oilproduction(mlnbbl/d)

Source:NOAA,PayneInstituteandColoradoSchoolofMines,EIA,GGFR

1OilproductiondatafromtheUnitedStatesEnergyInformationAdministration(EIA)asreportedthroughNovember2022,withestimatesforDecember.

GlobalGasFlaringTrackerReport7

6GlobalGasFlaringTrackerReport

Flaringintensity(m³/bbl)

Russia

Iraq

Iran

Algeria

Venezuela

UnitedStates

Mexico

Libya

Nigeria

China

Oman

Egypt

SaudiArabia

RepoftheCongo

Indonesia

Angola

India

Malaysia

Gabon

Ecuador

Argentina

Syria

Turkmenistan

Kazakhastan

Qatar

Canada

UAE

Brazil

Cameroon

Yemen

Figure2Changeinflarevolumebetween2021and2022,individualcountrieswithsignificantchangeindicated,restofworldcombined,

overallglobalreductionofaround5bcm

Changeinflarevolume(bcm)

3

2

1

0

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

-6

Algeria

Mozambique

Venezuela

RepoftheCongo

India

Russia

Oman

Malaysia

Kazakhstan

Libya

UnitedStates

Mexico

Nigeria

RestofWorld

0.3

0

5

IncreaseDecrease

0.10.1

0.4

0.4

-0.4

0.5

-0.5

.

-0.5

-0.8

-0.8

-1.3

-1.9

Source:NOAA,PayneInstituteandColoradoSchoolofMines,GGFR

TheUnitedStates(US)continuedtomakesteadyprogressandachieveda9%(0.8bcm)reductioninflaringfrom2021to2022.Moreover,in2022,theUnitedStatesalsosignificantlyincreasedoilproductionby18%,whichledtoareductioninitsoverallflaringintensityfrom2.1m3/bblto1.8m3/bbl,thelowestvaluerecordedfortheUnitedStatesinthelasttenyears.

Alsonoteworthyaretwocountries—KazakhstanandColombia—bothspotlightcountriesinlastyear’strackerreportwhohave

consistently,forthelastsevenstraightyears,achievedadeclineinflarevolumes.

Consistentwithpreviousyears,flaringduring2022was

dominatedbyarelativelysmallnumberofcountries,withthetopnineflaringcountriesresponsiblefor74%offlarevolumesand

45%ofglobaloilproduction.Theseare,inorder,Russia,Iraq,Iran,Algeria,Venezuela,theUnitedStates,Mexico,Libya,andNigeria.

Whenwelookatflaringintensity,inparticularthetrendsover

thelastfiveyears,theRepublicofCongo,IndiaandEcuadorhavesteadilyincreasedflaringintensityyear-on-year.Inaddition,asinpreviousyears,thehighestflaringintensitiescontinuedtobeinfragileandconflict-affectedcountries,suchasSyria,VenezuelaandYemen.Notably,bothVenezuelaandYemenexperienceda

decreaseinflaringintensityfrom2021to2022.

Figure3Flarevolumesforthetop30flaringcountriesfrom2018to2022(sortedby2022flarevolume)

Flarevolume(bcm)

27,500

25,000

22,500

20,000

17,500

15,000

12,000

10,000

7,500

5,000

2,500

0

Russia

Iraq

Iran

Algeria

Venezuela

UnitedStates

Mexico

Libya

Nigeria

China

Oman

Egypt

SaudiArabia

RepoftheCongo

Indonesia

Angola

India

Malaysia

Gabon

Ecuador

Argentina

Syria

Turkmenistan

Kazakhastan

Qatar

Canada

UAE

Brazil

Cameroon

Yemen

20182019201920212022

Source:NOAA,PayneInstituteandColoradoSchoolofMines,GGFR

Figure4Flaringintensityforthetop30flaringcountriesfrom2018to2022(sortedby2022flarevolume)

20182019201920212022

50

40

30

20

10

0

Source:NOAA,PayneInstituteandColoradoSchoolofMines,EIA,GGFR

8GlobalGasFlaringTrackerReport

GlobalGasFlaringTrackerReport9

Photocredit:©AndreiAleksandrovich/Shutterstock

TheRussianInvasionofUkraine&theImpactonGasFlaring

During2022,Europeanenergysecurityhasbeenattheforefrontofpolicymakers’agendas,followingRussia’sinvasionofUkraineinFebruary2022.Thisreportaskstwokeyquestionsrelevanttothecriticalandinterrelatedissuesofenergysupplyandgasflaringasaconsequenceoftheinvasion:

1)IfEuropeisreducingitsgasimportsfromRussia,

isRussiaresortingtoflaringthisgasinstead?

2)Hastherebeenanotablechangeingasflaringin

othercountriesastheyincreasegasexportstoEurope?

GasFlaringintheRussianFederation

DuringJuneandJuly2022,Gazpromdramaticallyreducedgas

flowstoEuropeviatheNordStreampipelinesystem,ostensiblyduetoprolongedmaintenanceissueswithacriticalcompressorstation.DuringAugust2022,thesystemwasoperatingataround32millioncubicmetersofgasperday(mcm/day),just20%ofitsmaximumcapacity.InlateSeptember,pipelineoperationswere

haltedcompletelyafterasubseaexplosionand,atthetimeofwriting,haveyettoberestarted.

In2021,Russiawasoneofthelargestgasexportingcountries

intheworld,exportingaround210bcmviapipelineandsome

40bcmintheformofliquifiednaturalgas(LNG).Ofitspipeline

exports,NordStreamaccountedforaround58bcmin2021,some28%oftotalpipelineexports.So,withasignificantreductionin

gasexportsthroughthesummerof2022,culminatinginthetotalshutdownofNordStreaminlateSeptember,hasthisledtoan

increaseingasflaringinRussia?

Perhapscontrarytosomeexpectations,therehasnotbeenanobservableincrease.

Consideringannualtotalflaringvolumes,Russia’sflarevolumeswerelargelystaticbetween2021and2022,whileoilproductionincreasedslightlyby2%.Thisledtoamarginaldecreasein

Russia’sflaringintensityfrom6.9m3/bblin2021to6.8m3/bblin2022.

Figure5Russianannualflarevolumeandoilproduction,2018to2022

Annualflarevolume(bcm)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

FlarevolumeOilproduction

20182019202020212022

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Oilproduction(millionbbl/d)

Source:NOAA,PayneInstituteandColoradoSchoolofMines,EIA,GGFR

Figure6MonthlygasimportstoEurope(Germany)viatheNordStreampipeline

Gasexportvolume(millionsm3/month)

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0.0

Gasexports

Jan2021

Feb2021

Mar2021

Apr2021

May2021

Jun2021

Jul2021

Aug2021

Sep2021

Oct2021

Nov2021

Dec2021

Jan2022

Feb2022

Mar2022

Apr2022

May2022

Jun2022

Jul2022

Aug2022

Sep2022

Oct2022

Nov2022

Dec2022

Source:

IEAGasTradeFlows

,17February2023

Photocredit:©LeonidEremeychuk/Shutterstock

10GlobalGasFlaringTrackerReport

GlobalGasFlaringTrackerReport11

GasFlaringinKeyGasExportingCountries

In2021,Russiangasexportsaccountedforaround45%ofthe

totalgassupplytotheEuropeanUnion(EU).Overthecourseof

2022,thegasimportsmixoftheEUshifteddramatically,with

severaloil-andgas-producingnationsincreasingtheirgassupplytotheEU,bothviapipelineand,intheformofLNG.

Mostnotably,theEUhassignificantlyincreaseditsgasimportsintheformofLNGfromtheUnitedStates,Angola,Norway,

Qatar,andEgypt,andviapipelinefromAzerbaijanandNorway.

InadditiontothesignificantreductioningasimportsfromRussia,therehasalsobeenadecreaseinoverallgasimportsviapipelinefromAlgeriaandviaLNGfrombothNigeriaandAlgeria.

Inthefollowingsections,wespotlightafewcountriesthat

exportgastotheEUandexaminetheirprogresstodateonflare

reductionandtheopportunitythatincreaseddemandforgasfromthesecountriespresents.

Figure7ChangeinLNGimportsfromvariousgasexportingcountriestotheEUbetween2021and2022

(year-to-dateNovembercomparisonasthisisthelatestdataavailablefor2022)

DeltaLNGImported(bcm)

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

United

States

Angola

Norway

Qatar

Egypt

Other

Cameroon

Trinidad

&Tobago

Oman

Equatorial

Guinea

United

Kingdom

Peru

Algeria

Nigeria

Russia

1.0

4.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

2.6

2.7

-3.5

3.6

-3.7

14.0

-5.6

IncreaseDecrease

Source:UNComtrade

Figure8ChangeinEUpipelinegasimportsfromvariousgasexportingcountriesbetween2021and2022

(year-to-dateNovembercomparisonasthisisthelatestdataavailablefor2022)

DeltaGasImported(bcm)

20

15

10

5

0

-5

-10

-15

Azerbaijan

Norway

United

Kingdom

Turkey

Restof

World

Ukraine

Libya

Algeria

Russia

IncreaseDecrease

2.30.1

4.8

-0.1-0.6-0.7

7.4

-1.7

-22.4

Source:UNComtrade

GlobalGasFlaringTrackerReport13

12GlobalGasFlaringTrackerReport

OpportunitiesSeized

Spotlight:UnitedStates

Between2021and2022,theUnitedStatesdecreasedits

flaringby9%andreduceditsflaringintensityfrom2.1m3/bblto1.8m3/bbl,a14%reductionandthelowestvaluerecordedfortheUnitedStatesinthelasttenyears.ThissuggestsacontinuationofthesignificantprogressmadebytheUnitedStates(discussedinour2022FlaringTrackerReport)toexpanditsintegratedgasvaluechainandtocommercializemoreassociatedgas.During2022,therewasalsoanincreaseinLNGexportgloballyfromtheUSwithamarkedincreaseintheportionofthoseexportsgoingtoEuropefromearly2022onwards.

TheUnitedStatesdemonstratestheresultsthatcanbeachievedwhenprivatecompanies(upstream,midstream,anddownstream)seektocapitalizeongasmarketopportunitiesandaresupportedbystrongregulationonflaring.

Figure9UnitedStatesannualflarevolumeandoilproduction,

2018to2022.

Annualflarevolume(bcm)

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

FlarevolumeOilproduction

20182019202020212022

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Oilproduction(millionbbl/d)

Source:NOAA,PayneInstituteandColoradoSchoolofMines,EIA,GGFR

Figure10UnitedStatesmonthlyLNGexportsandmonthlytotalflarevolume,2021toNovember2022

LNGexported(bcm/month)

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

TotalUnitedStatesLNGexportsFlarevolume

1.2

1.1

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0

Flarevolume(bcm/month)

Jan2021

Feb2021

Mar2021

Apr2021

May2021

Jun2021

Jul2021

Aug2021

Sep2021

Oct2021

Nov2021

Dec2021

Jan2022

Feb2022

Mar2022

Apr2022

May2022

Jun2022

Jul2022

Aug2022

Sep2022

Oct2022

Nov2022

Dec2022

Source:NOAA,PayneInstituteandColoradoSchoolofMines,EIA,GGFR

Spotlight:Angola

During2022,theEUincreaseditsLNGimportsfromAngolaby4.2bcm.LNGinAngolaisproducedattheAngolaLNG(ALNG)facilitylocatedinSoyo,ajointventurebetweenoperatorsChevron,

AzuleEnergy(ajointventurebetweenbpandEni),TotalEnergies

andSonangol,Angola’snationaloilcompany.ALNGisoneof

theonlymajorLNGfacilitiesintheworlddevelopedtoproduce

LNGexclusivelyusingassociatedgasasafeedgas.Before

ALNG’sdevelopment,significantvolumesofassociatedgaswerewastefullyflaredattheupstreamoilproductionfacilitiesoffshore.ThesefacilitiesnowfeedassociatedgasintoALNG.

Afterstartingoperationin2013,ALNGwasshutdownbetween

April2014andJune2016torepairdesignflaws.However,since

itsrestartin2016,theimpactofALNGonAngola’sflarevolumesandflaringintensityhasbeenmarkedanddemonstratesthe

tremendousprogressandvaluethatcanberealizedwhenthe

government,thenationaloilcompanyandtheprivatesectorworktogethertodeliversolutionstoreducegasflaring.

Figure11SchematicshowingoffshoreblocksfeedingassociatedgasintoALNG

Democratic

RepublicofCongo

BLOCKS0&14

CongoRiver

KwandaBase

Soyo

LNGPlant

Angola

BLOCK15

ExxonMobil

Operator

LOMBOEAST

BLOCK17

TotalEnergies

Operator

BLOCK18

BPOperator

Source:ANLG

ExistingPipeline

NewPipeline

ChevonOperator

Field

LNGPlant

Cabinda

Figure12Angolaflarevolumeandoilproduction,2012to2022

Annualflarevolume(bcm)

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0

FlarevolumeOilproduction

20122013201420152016201720182019202020212022

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

Oilproduction(millionbbl/b)

Source:NOAA,PayneInstituteandColoradoSchoolofMines,EIA,GGFR

GlobalGasFlaringTrackerReport15

14GlobalGasFlaringTrackerReport

Annualflarevolume(bcm)

OpportunitiesRemain

Spotlight:Egypt

During2022,theEUalsoincreasedLNGimportsfromEgypt,a

countrywhichhasexperiencedanincreaseingasproductionandexportoverrecentyears,thankstosignificantgasdiscoveries

suchastheoffshoreZohrfieldin2015and,morerecently,theNagrisblockinlate2022.EgyptexportsgasintheformofLNGfromitsIdkuandDamiettaliquefactionplants.

Duringthistimeofincreasedgasproduction,Egypthasalso

beensuccessfulinreducingitsgasflaring,havingachieveda

reductioninannualflarevolumesforthelastthreeyears.During2022,Egyptsuccessfullyreducedflaringwhilealsoincreasingoilproduction,leadingtoareductioninEgypt’sflaringintensityfrom10.2m3/bblin2021to9.5m3/bblin2022.

Therehavebeenseveralinvestmentsininfrastructuretoboth

recoverandutilizeassociatedgasinEgypt.Oneexampleisat

thePetrosannan-operatedAlamElShawishareaoftheWesternDesert.Flaringhasbeendramaticallyreducedsince2018duetoinvestmentsinadditionalpipelineinfrastructure(commissionedinJune2019)andtheinstallationofagas-boostingcompressorattheHGfieldtorecoveradditionalassociatedgasin2020.

GivenEurope’sincreasedandsustaineddemandfornatural

gasfromcountriesotherthanRussia,EgypthasatremendousopportunitytocontinueitssuccessinreducingflarevolumesandutilizeitsexistingLNGinfrastructuretocommercialize

associatedgas.

Flare-to-powerActivities

AdditionalflarereductionactivitiesinEgyptincludeeffortsbyoperatorssuchasPetrosilahandKhaldaPetroleum

Companytoimplementgas-to-powerprojects.AttheEl

FayumandKalabshafields,respectively,flaregashasbeenrecoveredandusedtogenerateelectricitytosupplyboththeproductionfacilitiesandthelocalcommunity.Notonlyhavetheseprojectsreducedgasflaringbut,bydisplacingamorecarbon-intensivefuelsuchasdieselwithgas,thereisalsoanemissionreductionbenefit.

Figure13Egyptflarevolumeandoilproduction,2018to2022.

Annualflarevolume(bcm)

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0

FlarevolumeOilproduction

20182019202020212022

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0

Oilproduction(millionbbl/d)

Source:NOAA,PayneInstituteandColoradoSchoolofMines,EIA,GGFR

Figure14EvolutioninflaringatPetroSannan-operatedfieldsinthe

WesternDesertregionduetoimprovedgastakeawayinfrastructure,

2018to2022.

Annualflarevolume(bcm)

00.080.060.040.020

Flarevolume

20182019202020212022

Source:NOAA,PayneInstituteandColoradoSchoolofMines,GGFR

Spotlight:Algeria

Perhapssurprisingly,AlgerianLNGandpipelineexportstothe

EUexperiencedanoveralldecreasebetween2021and2022.ThereductioninpipelineexportswasmainlyduetothecessationofoperationsoftheGazoducMaghrebEurope(GME)pipelineQ4

2021,whichfedgasintoSpainandPortugalwithacapacityof12bcm/year.

FlarevolumesinAlgeriaincreasedslightlyduring2022.However,despitethis,Algeriahashadsomesuccessreducingflarevolumesoverrecentyears,havingachievedareductioninbothflarevolumeandflaringintensitybetween2020and2021andacontinued

improvementinflaringintensitythrough2022.

Thisreductioninflaringintensityisunderstoodtobetheresultofseveralinvestmentsinassociatedgasrecoveryatkeyoil-

producingsitesinAlgeriaoverthelastfewyears.Forexample,

intheoil-producingregionofHassiMessaoud,thelargestin

Algeria,thenationaloilcompanySonatrachhasmadeseveral

facilityupgradesandimprovementstoincreasetherecovery

andreinjectionofassociatedgasintothewellsanddebottleneckprocessingfacilities.Satelliteobservationssuggesta44%

decreaseingasflaringatHassiMessaoudsince2020.

AsisthecaseforEgypt,recoveryofassociatedgasvolumesandinclusioningasexportsystems(bothLNGandpipeline)presentsapotentialopportunityforAlgeriatoreduceitsgasflare

volumesandgeneraterevenuesfromthisotherwisewastedenergyresource.

PromisingDevelopments

During2022,Sonatrachalsosignedagreementsthat

includeextensiveinvestmentsinflarereductionatthe

InSalah/InAmenasfields(partnersEniandEquinor)andblocks404and208(partnersEni,Oxy,andTotalEnergies)tobringadditionalgasintothenationalgasinfrastructuretosupplyboththedomesticandexportgasmarkets.

Figure15AlgerianGasPipelinesintoEurope

ExistingPipeline

NewPipeline

Field

Portugal

Medgaz

Transmed

InAmenas

Algeria

El-Aricha

Morocco

Arzew

InSalah

BenSaf

Spain

Tunisia

Libya

LNGPlant

Skikda

Italy

GME

Source:S&PGlobalPlattsAnalytics

Figure16Algeriaflarevolumeandflareintensity,2018to2022.

Annualflarevolume(bcm)

12.0

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0

FlarevolumeFlareintensity

202020212022

24

20

16

12

8

4

0

Flaringintensity(m3bbl/d)

Source:NOAA,PayneInstituteandColoradoSchoolofMines,EIA,GGFR

Figure17AnnualflarevolumesatHassiMessaoud2020to2022

Flarevolume

202020212022

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0

Source:NOAA,PayneInstituteandColoradoSchoolofMines,GGFR

Photocredit:©LeonidIkan/Shutterstock

Photocredit:©AlejandroSolo/Shutterstock.

16GlobalGasFlaringTrackerReport

GlobalGasFlaringTrackerReport17

ImportedFlareGasIndex

Inadditiontoflarevolumeandflaringintensity,GGFRalsotracks

theImportedFlareGas(IFG)Indexofcrude-importingcountries.

TheIFGIndexhighlightstheflaringconsequencesofcrudeoil

imports,underscoringtheburdenofresponsibilityforflaring

reductionbetweenbothcountriesthatproduceandthecountries

thatimportthecrudeoil.Itisbasedonthepremisethatifa

countryisimportingcrudeoilfromproducingcountries,itisalso

importingtheflaringintensityoftheseproducingcountriesin

proportiontotheamountofcrudeoilimported.

Analysisof2022dataindicatesthat,aswithpreviousyears,

manycountriesthatimportsignificantvolumesofcrudeoil,such

asGreece,Italy,Spain,andtheNetherlands,are‘exposed’tohigh

levelsofgasflaringastheyimportcrudefromcountrieswitha

highflaringintensity,suchasAlgeria,Libya,andIraq.

Figure18IFGIndexversusvolumeofcrudeoilimportedforcountriesimportingmorethan250kbbl/d)

ImportedFlareGas(IFG)Index(m3/bbl)

9.00

8.00

7.00

6.00

5.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

1.00

0.00

.Greece

Indonesia

●Spain

Malaysia

Netherlands

China

GlobalAverageFlaringIntensity

Italy

India

Brazil

.Poland

Germany

Korea

UnitedKingdom

USA

Canada

Japan

Sweden

Belgium

0100020003000400050006000700010000

Volumeofcrudeoilimported(kbbl/d)

Source: