英语常见派生词

-.z英语常见派生词一、常见前缀-.z1.anti-“反、抗、阻、排斥〞anti-bacterial抗菌的anti-body抗体anti-fascist反法西斯主义者anti-gas防毒气的anti-imperialist反帝的anti-JapaneseWar抗日战争anti-popular反人民的anti-virus抗病毒2.auto-“自动的、自己的〞autoalarm自动报警器autobiographer自传autocoder自动编码器autography亲笔签名automatically自动地automobile汽车、机动车3.bi-“二〞bi-century两百年的bicycle自行车bilingual双语的bi-monthly双月的binocular双目的、双筒的bio*ide二氧化物4.co-“共同、一起〞coauthor合著者之一coheir共同继承人co-operation合作5.counter-“反、逆〞counteragent反作用剂counter-attack还击countercharge反诉、反告countercurrent逆向电流counterrevoluntionist反革命分子countermarch反向行进countermine反水雷的水雷counterproposal反提案counterspy反间谍6.de-“离开、否认、减少〞decentralize分散decentre使离开中心depose分解decontrol解除对...的管制decrease减少deform使变形degrade使降级depress压下、降低desalt除去...的盐分devalue降低价值7.dis-“否认或相反〞disable使无能disability无能disadvantage缺点、弱势disagree不同意disappear消失disapprove不赞同disarrange使混乱discharge卸disclose揭开discolor使褪色、污染disconnect别离discontinuous不连续的discontinue中止discount折扣discourage使泄气discover发现diseconomy不景气disengage解除disfavour不喜欢、不赞成、反感disillusion使幻灭、醒悟disloyal不忠诚的disobedient不服从的disorder混乱disorganize瓦解8.en-,em-“使……，加强〞embitter使痛苦enable使能够encase把……装箱enclose包围enchain使……encourage使……有勇气endanger使……危险enlarge使……扩大enrich使富裕enrobe用…包住enslave使…成为奴隶enthrone加冕entrain登上火车9.e*-“前〞e*ceed(免除、离开)超出e*ception(完全)除外e*pense支出e*pose(向外;超过)揭露e*-soldier退伍军人10.for-，fore-“先，前，预〞forehead前额foreman工头、工长forward向前11.for-“禁，弃〞forbid禁forget忘记forgive原谅12.he*a-“六〞he*ahedron六面体he*agon六角形、六边形13.il-,im-,in-,ir-“不、非〞illegal非法的impossible不可能的inaccurate不准确的inactive不活动的inadvisable不可取的inadaptable不能适应的inapplicable不适用的inartificial非人造的、天然的inconsequent不连贯的inconsiderable不值得考虑的inconstant不稳定的inconvenient不方便的incredible难以置信incurable治不好的incurious不好奇的independent独立的indignity无礼、污辱ineffective无效的ine*istence不存在ine*pert不熟练的ine*tensible不能伸展的infertile不肥沃的informal非正式的infrequent很少发生的injustice非正义的invisible看不见的irregular不规则的irremovable不能移动的irrespective不考虑、不顾irresponsible不承担责任的14.inter-“相互、之间〞interchange交换intermunication相互交流interconnect使相互联系international国际的internet互联网interpose插入15.macro-(大)，micro-“微、小〞macroclimate大气候microscope显微镜产品microclimate小气候microphone麦克风16.mid-“中、半〞midday中午midnight半夜midterm期中的mid-aged中年的17.mini-“微小的〞minibus中客车、面包车minicab微型出租车minicam微型摄像机miniputer微机minimize使缩到最小minimum最小量minipark小公园miniskirt超短裙、迷你裙18.mis-“坏、错、误〞misapply误用、滥用misbee不适合于misbehave使行为不当misbehavior不正当行为misbelief错误的信仰misbirth流产、堕胎miscalculate算错、估错miscarry(信件)送错misconduct办错、对…处理不当misdate写错日期misdeed不端行为、罪行misdirect指错方向misdoing坏事、恶行miseducation错误教育misfortune不幸、灾祸misguide误导、误入岐途misinterpret曲解、译错mislead错导mislike嫌、厌恶mismatch(婚姻)错配misname叫错名misplace放错地方misread读错mistake错解mistime使不合时宜mistrust不信任misunderstand误解misuse误用19.multi-“多〞multiform多形式的multilingual多语言的multimedia多媒体multi-national多民族的multipolar多极的multipurpose多种用途的20.non-，“非、不〞nonmetal非金属noncooperation不合作noneffective无效的、无战斗力的nonessential不重要的none*istence不存在noninvolvement不干预nonlogical不合逻辑的non-mechanized非机械化的nonnatural非天然的、违背自然的nonpayment不支付nonperformance不履行、不实行21.over-“过分、过度、外〞overact做得过分overage过老的overall包括一切的overbalance使失去平衡overblow吹散overbuild过多建筑overbusy太忙的overcareful过分小心的overcoat大衣、外衣overe抑制overcritical批评过多的overcrop过度耕作而使土地贫瘠overcrowd使拥挤overdevelop过度开展overdo把…...做得过头overdose给(药)过量overdrive驱使过度overeat使吃得过多overemphasize过分强调overe*tend使过分延长overfill把…...装得过满overfulfill超额完成overfull太满的overgrow种得过多、长得过快overhang悬于…...之上overheat使过热overlay在...上铺盖overload使超载overlong太长的overlook眺望、检查overman使超编overproduce生产过剩overproduction生产过剩overreach超越overreact反响过度overrun使跑得快oversea在海外oversee鸟瞰、检查oversell卖得过多overwork过度操劳22.pre-“先、前、预先〞prewar战前prehistoric史前的prepay预付precondition先决条件23.re-“重、再、复〞rewrite重写return返回review复习recycle再循环reuse再利用redo再做、重做reread重读24.sub-“附属的、次级的、亚的〞subhead小标题subway地铁submittee小组委员会submarine潜艇subsoil下层土subeditor副编辑、审稿员subhuman低于人类的subsonic来音速的25.tele-“远程的〞telephonetelevision电视telescope望远镜telemunication远程通信26.tri-“三〞、“三次〞、“三倍〞triangle三角形tricycle三轮车triplane三翼飞杨trisect把裁成三断tribasicacid三元酸27.ultra-“过极的〞，“极端的〞ultra-left极"左"的ultra-leftist极左分子ultra-right极右的ultrashort极短的ultrathin极瘦的ultra-conservation过于保守的ultra-democracy极端**的ultrafashionable极其流行的ultramodern极其现代化的ultranationism极端民族主义ultrarapid超速的28.un-“不〞，构成形容词或动词unable不能的unacceptable不能承受的unaffected未受影响的unadaptable不能适应的unadmitted不让进入的unadopted未采用的unadvisable不适当的unallowable不能允许的unapproved未经同意的unartificial非人工的、自然的unassisted无助的unavailable无法利用的unawakened未醒的、潜伏的unaware不知道的unbalance使不平衡unbelief不信unbend弄直unbreakable不易破碎的unbroken未破损的、完整的unbuild拆毁uncertain不确信的unchangeable不变的unclose翻开uncritical不加批判的uncultured未受教育的unfortable不舒服的uncover暴露undated未注明日期的undecided未决定的unemployed未受雇佣的、失业的undetermined未确定的undeveloped未开发的、不兴旺的undiscovered未被发现的undivided未分开的undress使脱衣服uneasy心神不安的unearth开掘uneconomical不节省的unfold展开unhealthy不安康的unimportant不重要的unkind不和蔼的unlock开启(锁)unnecessary多余的unpack翻开(包裹等)unpleasant不快乐的untie解开、松开(绳索等)29.前缀under-(1)用在动词前，“过低，缺乏〞undercapitalize投资缺乏underdo不尽全力做underdevelop开展缺乏underdrain暗渠排水undergo经历underload欠载underman使人员配备缺乏under-nourished营养缺乏的underpaid少付...工资underreport少报、低估(2).用在名词前，“在…下面的、较低的，内〞underage未成年的underclerk下级职员，助理办事员underclothes内衣undercurrent潜流underdrainage地下排水underemployment就业缺乏的undergardener助理花工undergarments(一件)内衣undergraduate研究生underground地下的undergrowth发育不全underline在...下划线underpass地道underpants内裤underpopulation人口稀少underproduction生产缺乏undersea海底的undersecretary助理秘书underskirt衬裙30.前缀vice-，“副、次〞、“代理〞vice-chairman副主席vice-governor副州长vice-premier副总理vice-president副总统-.z二、常见后缀-.z1-able“有……可能的、可以……的〞，构成形容词：acceptable可以承受的、合意的accessible容易接近的、得到的adjustable可调整的、可调节的admirable令人钦佩、值得敬仰的avoidable可防止的unbelievable难以置信的fortable舒适的、感到抚慰的parable可以相比considerable值得考虑的downloadable可下载的endurable可忍的、能持久的e*pellable可驱逐的、应开除的honorable荣誉的、荣耀的incredible难以令人置信的miserable悲惨的、可怜的navigable可航的reasonable合情合理的respectable可敬的responsible有责任的、负责的sustainable能持续的、能维持的terrible可怕的、恐惧的、骇人的unthinkable不可思议的valuable值钱的、贵重的visible看得见的、可视的2–age“身份〞，构成抽象名词disadvantage劣势、弱点marriage婚姻pupilage学生身份passage段落、文章percentage百分数、百分率shortage缺少storage贮藏、保管teenage少年的3al-构成抽象名词arrival到达withdrawal收回refusal拒绝approval批准、认可survival生存revival苏醒、复活dismissal打发、免职proposal提议removal移动、调动revival(对旧时事物的兴趣)恢复terminal终端trial试、试用、审判4–al构成形容词economical节省的、节省的electrical电的elemental根本的emotional冲动的environmental环境的ethical伦理的grammatical语法的memorial记忆的medical医学的maternal母亲的、母方的mental精神的、脑力的municipal都市的、市政/市立的musical音乐的national民族的natural自然界的occasional偶然的、特殊场合的official官员的oriental严厉的、冷酷的、残忍的original起初的、原始的、独创的operational操作的、运作的paternal父亲的、父方的penal刑事的、刑法的periodical周期性的、定期的personal个人的political政治的practical切实际的professional专业的、职业的psychological心理的recreational娱乐的、休养的rural乡下的、田园的、乡味的spiritual精神神上的social社会的technical拔术的tidal潮汐的traditional传统的universal通用的/普遍的、世界的vegetal植物的、植物性的5–an,-ian“人、……职业者〞，构成名词American美国人electrician电学家Italian意大利人Iranian伊朗人librarian图书馆管理员magician魔术师、巫师mathematician数学家musician音乐家Palestinian巴勒斯坦人的politician政治家Russian俄国人statistician统计学家technician技术员、技师vegetarian素食的、素食者6–ant/-ent，构成形容词distant遥远的important重要的silent安静的patient耐心的absent迟到的different不同的convenient方便的e*cellent优秀的intelligent聪明的、有才智的negligent疏忽的obedient服从的permanent永久的resistant对抗的respondent被告servant仆人tyrant暴君urgent紧急的、急迫的subsequent随后的、随继的violent暴力的militant好战的7-ance，-ence构成动作名词或抽象名词acceptance承受appearance外表allowance允许assistance援助、帮助attendance出席avoidance防止consequence后果、结果convenience方便correspondence通讯dependence依靠disturbance打搅difference不同emergence紧急情况entrance进口e*istence存在presence出现performance表演、执行ignorance无知influence影响interference干扰intelligence聪明emergence出现permanence永久的performance執行presence出现endurance忍耐、耐劳absence不在resemblance相似(之处)resistance坚持fluence流利evidence明显、证据diligence勤奋distance距离disturbance打搅guidance指引inference推论innocence清白、无罪intendance监视、管理negligence疏忽、粗心大意permanence永久性、持久性obedience顺从、服从occurrence发生、出现precedence领先、在前preference偏爱offence触怒、冒犯significance重要性subsequence随后、后来violence暴力8-dom构成名词kingdom王国freedom自由9-ed构成形容词amused有趣的是astonished令人惊讶的blessed神圣的、受惠的bored无聊的、无趣的、烦人的plicated复杂的disappointed令人人失望的delighted令人快乐的e*cited兴奋的、激昂的e*perienced有经历的faded褪色的learned博学的related相关的skilled熟练的united联合的、统一的10-ee，-eer，-er，-or，构成表人的名词announcer宣布者、播送员beginner初学者builder建立者calculator计算器/机circulator传播人、循环器petitor竟争人、对手conductor导体、售票员director指导者、导演employee被雇佣者engineer工程师e*aminee受试人indicator指示者interviewee被采访者milker挤奶人nominee被提名者passer过路客placer放置者rubber按摩师runner经营者、赛跑人singer歌手teller讲述人tailor裁缝trainer训练人thinker思考人visitor指导者、理事、导演volunteer志原者waiter效劳生writer作者、写手11-en，形容词后的-en构成及物动词；名词后的-en构成形容词brighten使发亮deepen使…加深flatten把...弄平frighten使惊慌harden使变硬heighten提高lengthen延长loosen放松ripen使成熟sharpen削尖soften弄软shorten缩短stiffen变疆硬strengthen使…加强、加强thicken加厚threaten威胁tighten使变紧weaken减弱widen使…加宽worsen使…更糟wooden木的woolen羊毛的12-ess构成表“雌性〞的名词actress女演员goddess女神hostess女主人stewardess女乘务员waitress侍者13-free“免……的、无……的〞，构成形容词gravity-free无重力的、无引力的water-free不漏水的ta*-free免税的ice-free不冻的interest-free无息的14-ful“满〞，构成形容词beautiful漂亮的merciful仁慈的careful小心的、慎重的doubtful疑心的、疑惑的dreadful可怕的、令人敬畏的faithful守信的fateful命中注定的fearful可怕的forgetful健忘的frightful可怕的、讨厌的helpful有助的hopeful充满希望的regretful悔恨的resourceful资源丰富的respectful恭敬的skillful熟练的sorrowful悲伤的successful成功的tearful含泪的wonderful精彩的15-ful构成表“容量单位〞名词aarmfulof…一抱basketful一满篮bucketful满桶handful一把mouthful满口spoonful一匙〔的量〕16-hood构成抽象名词childhood童年、早期falsehood谬误、谎话livelihood生活、生计priesthood传教士(身份)17–ic构成形容词automatic自动的basic根本的characteristic特征的classic最优秀的、一流的economic经济的enthusiastic热情的electric电的、导电的energetic精力充分的gymnastic体操的、体育的heroic英勇的historic有历史意义的magic魔法、魔术的(只作定语)materialistic唯物主义的organic有机体的patriotic爱国的、有爱国热情的simplistic过于简化的symbolic象征性的systematic系统的、体系的18-ice“性质〞，构成名词justice公正notice通知19-ics构成学科名词gymnastics体育、体操physics物理学politics政治学mathematics算术、数学20–ing构成名词或形容词amusing逗笑的astonishing惊讶的blessing幸事、赐福boring令人厌烦的bo*ing装箱、拳击flaming燃烧的greeting问候misunderstanding误会promising有前途的remaining剩余物satisfying令人满意的suffering痛苦、苦难training训练21-ish构成形容词feverish发烧的、热病的foolish傻的Swedish瑞典的Spanish西班牙的22-ism“……主义〞构成名词Buddhism佛教munism共产主义escapism逃避现实e*tremism极端主义hegemonism霸权主义imperialism帝国主义patriotism爱国主义protectionism保护主义socialism社会主义terrorism恐惧主义tourism旅游业23-ist“……主义者、从事……职业者〞，构成名词archaeologist考古学家bioiogist生物学家botanist植物学家chemist化学家munist共产主义者colonist殖民地居民、殖民者copyist抄写员economist经济学家e*tremist极端主义分子geologist地质学家imperialist帝国主义者physicist物理学家psychologist心理学者receptionist接待员specialist专家sociologist社会学家scientist科学家terrorist恐惧分子typist打字员tourist旅游者zoologist动物学家24–ive构成否认形容词active活泼的aggressive冒犯的、侵略的attractive吸引人的、有魅力的parative比较的、相对的pensative弥补的conservative保存/防腐的、保守的defensive防御的definitive决定的、确定的effective有效的、生效的indicative象征的、预示的instructive有教育意义的interruptive中断的、阻碍的massive巨大的offensive唐突的、冒犯的oppressive残酷的、压迫的originative有创造力的persuasive有说服力的predictive预言性的、预兆的productive生产的progressive进步的、向前进的protective防护的relative有关系的representative代表的restorative滋补的restrictive限制的、约束的suggestive暗示的、示意的terminative终止的、完毕的25–ize构成及物动词actualize实现、使现实化analyse分析apologize抱歉、辩白categorize分类colonize殖民于organize组织realize实现26–less构成否认形容词cordless无绳的careless粗心的hopeless无望的doubtless无疑的helpless无助的restless还安的rustless无锈的、不锈的27–let“小东西〞构成名词armlet臂环anklet脚镣booklet小册子bracelet手铐hamlet村庄leaflet传单28-ly构成的形容词brotherly兄弟般的costly昂贵的daily日常的friendly友好的lively活泼的lonely孤独的lovely得意的monthly每月的orderly整洁的quarterly每四分之一的weekly每周的yearly每年的29-ly构成的副词accurately准确地annually年度性的apparently明显地basically根本地bitterly痛苦地clearly清澈地coldly冰冷地constantly不断的、经常的coolly凉快地effectively有效地ethically符合道德地e*actly准确地factually事实上fairly相当的fearfully可怕地fiercely凶猛地finally最终地financially节省地forgetfully健忘地frequently频繁地generally一般地gratefully感谢地habitually习以为常地happily幸福地hopefully充满希望地indirectly间接地initially最初的jokingly开玩笑地largely大量地laughingly带着笑地mercifully仁慈地naturally自然地orally口头地particularly特别地personally亲自地properly恰当地permanently永久地possibly可能地potentially潜在地practically实际上primarily起初rarely很少really真正地recently最近relatively相对地roughly粗糙地severely严严地similarly相似地simply间单地singularly单独地slightly轻微地smartly剧烈地smilingly微笑地specially特别地steadily稳定地steadily稳固地steeply陡峭地successfully成功地surprisingly惊奇地swiftly疾速地thickly厚实地thinly稀薄地tightly紧迫地totally统统地、总共地truly真正地understandingly有理解力地usefully有用地usually通常地uselessly无用地utterly彻底地、绝对地30-ment构成抽象名词adjustment调整advertisement广告agreement协议amusement娱乐、消谴announcement宣布appointment约定argument争论arrangement安排astonishment惊讶attachment连接、confinement限制development开展disillusionment醒悟、幻灭disappointment失望embarrassment窘迫equipment装备establishment建立、设立e*citement兴奋government政府improvement改良、改良judgment判断lodgment住宿movement运动pavement人行道reinforcement增援、支援requirement需要settlement定居点supplement增补、补充treatment待遇31-ness构成抽象名词bitterness苦carelessness粗心clearness清楚coolness凉爽correctness正确dampness潮湿darkness黑暗dullness阴沉directness直接eagerness渴望、热切effectiveness有效e*actness准确flatness平坦forgetfulness健忘heaviness重kindness慈祥nervousness紧*permanentness永久性quickness迅速roughness粗糙sadness难过shallowness浅sharpness锐利shortness短slowness慢smartness精明steadiness稳定性usefulness实用32–ous或-ious构成形容词adventurous冒险ambitious有雄心的、野心勃勃的cautious小心的、慎重的conscious有意识的、有知觉的continuous继续的desirous渴望的envious忌妒的、猜忌的humorous幽默的、诙谐的industrious勤奋的infectious传染的、有坏影响的mountainous多山的、山区的mysterious神秘的nervous神经的、易冲动的nutritious有营养的poisonous有毒的prosperous兴旺的、繁荣的rebellious造反的、对抗的religious**的repetitious重复的、反复的tyrannous暴政的、专横的various各样的、多种多样的33-port构成名词passport通行证airport机场seaport海港34–ship表示性质、职业、份、技能等，构成抽象名词citizenship公民身份friendship友谊leadership领导marksmanship射击术professorship教授职位scholarship学者sportsmanship体育道德35-sion构成抽象名词admission允许、成认、首肯aggression侵略collision碰撞parison比较conclusion结论、完毕confession成认confusion混乱conversion变换、转化diversion转向、转移emission散发、发射erosion腐蚀e*pansion*开、伸展e*pression词组、表达式invasion入侵、侵略omission省略、遗漏oppression压迫、压制permission允许procession行列、队伍profession职业、专业revision修正、复习tension拉紧、紧*36-th构成抽象名词birth生育、出生depth深度length长度strength力量warmth温暖width宽度youth青春37-tion构成动作名词或抽象名词actualization实行、使现实化addiction增加、增加物administration管理、经营admiration钦佩、赞美application请求、应用、运用appreciation欣赏、鉴赏calculation计算celebration庆祝、典礼circulation循环、环流classification分类、类别bination结合pensation补尝、酬谢petition比赛plication复杂、混乱concentration集中、专心conduction传导congratulation祝贺conservation保存、保护consideration考虑、思考consolidation稳固、加强construction建造、建筑consumption消耗、消费continuation连续、继续contradiction矛盾creation创造cultivation耕种、开发definition解脱、定义declaration宣布、宣告declination倾斜、衰微description描写描述digestion消化edition版本education教育estimation估计、估算e*hibition展览e*pectation预期、期待e*planation解释e*ploration探索e*tinction熄灭evaluation演变e*amination检查、细查graduation毕业illustration说明、图解imitation模仿、仿造imposition负担、强加infection传染、侵染inflation充气、膨胀indication指示、指出initiation开场、创始inspection检查、审查inspiration鼓舞、鼓励installation安装inscription铭文、碑文insulation孤立interruption中断、遮断introduction介绍、引进investigation调查irrigation灌溉invitation邀请modernization现代化narration表达navigation航行nomination提名nutrition营养、营养物operation操作、运转organization组织origination源于、创始、创造participation参与、参加preparation准备preservation保存、保管prevention预防、防止promotion促进pronunciation发音purification纯化、净化quotatio