高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习

PAGEPAGE13高中英语主谓一致（一）主谓一致的应用1．名词作主语1）某些集体名词，如family,team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Hisfamilyisahappyone.ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.这类名词有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。2）某些集体名词，如people,police,cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如：Thepolicearesearchingforthethief.4）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如：Threeyearshaspassedsincethen.5）不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Eachboyandeachgirlwantstogotothecinema.6）如果主语有morethanone很多非常…或manya许多……构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Morethanonestudenthasreadthebook.Manyagirlhasbeenthere.7）一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。但如果主语用“akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.8）thiskindofmen的谓语动词用单数，menofthiskind的谓语动词用复数，allkindsof后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Thiskindofmenisdangerous.Menofthiskindaredangerous.9）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致原则，作用单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有：means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类），Chinese，Japanese等。如：The(This)glassworkswassetupin1980.(这家玻璃厂建于1980年。)The（These）glassworksareneartherailwaystation.（这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。）10）all，most,half,restof看of后面的词，所指的复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。如：Allofmyclassmateslikemusic.Allofthewaterisgone.11)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.2．由连接词连接的名词作主语1）用and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：Plasticsandrubberneverrot.Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.2）当主语后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由引导词前面的主语而定。如：Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasreadinginthelibrary.３）以or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如：Tomorhisbrothersarewaitingintheroom.Eitheryouorheistogo.3．代词作主语1）关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：Thosewhowanttogopleaseputupyourhands.Someoftheenergythatisusedbymancomesfromthesun.2）疑问代词who,what,which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如：Wholivesnextdoor?ItisXiaoLiu.Wholivenextdoor?ItisZhangandLiu.Whatproduce(s)heat?4．分数、量词作主语1）“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“alotof,lotsofplentyof,alargequantityof,halfof+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语，例如：Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire.Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Three-fifthsoftheworkersherearewomen.和这种情况类似的还有“anumberof+名词复数”谓语用复数译为大量，许多，thenumberof中心词是number,谓语用单数，译为…的数量Anumberofstudentshavegonehome.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookistwohundred.注意：(large)quantitiesof……不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数，例如：Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.短语inquantity,inlargequantities意为“大量”；insmallquantities意为“少量”。2）agreatdealof,alargeamountof修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；largeamountsof修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，例如：Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.3）表示数量的oneandahalf后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，例如：Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.5．名词化的形容词作主语如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeafanddumb,theoppressed,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等；Theblindstudyinspecialschools.Thepoorliveinaundevelepedcountry6．从句作主语1）由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，反之，单数。例如：Whatweneedismoretime.Whatweneedaredoctors.ree______diedintheterriblefireinLuoyanglastwinter.A.hundredspeople B.hundredpeopleC.hundredspeoples D.hundredpeoples2.Eitheryouorthepresident_______theprizestothesegiftedwinnersatthemeeting.A.ishandingout B.aretohandoutC.arehandingout D.istohandout3.I,who______yourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyououtoftrouble.A.am B.is C.are D.be4.TheOlympicGamesintheyear2021______inBeijingofChina,which______knowntousall.A.istohold;is B.istobeheld;wasC.aretohold;is D.aretobeheld;is5.There_____alotofrubbishonthefloorsoIaskedMarytosweep_____up.A.were;it B.are;themC.was;it D.is;them6.Threemilliontonsofcoal______everyyearinthecity.A.isexploited B.areexploitedC.hadexploited D.haveexploited7.StoriesoftheLongMarch_______popularwiththeyoungpeoplenow.A.is B.was C.are D.were8.Mathematics_______thelanguageofscience.A.are B.aregoingtobe C.is D.istobe9.Bothriceandwheat_____growninourcountry.A.is B.are C.was D.were10.________eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?A.Have B.Had C.Has D.Is11.Whatthechildreninthemountainvillageneed________goodbooks.A.is B.are C.have D.has12.Thewholefamily_______TVattentively.A.arewatching B.iswatchingC.isseeing D.areseeing13.Nothingbutseveralglasses________boughtbymyfatherthedaybeforeyesterday.A.was B.were C.havebeen D.wouldbe14.Atthebusstop______asoldierandtwoyoungpeopleontheirwaytothevillage.A.were B.was C.is D.sits15.Iflawandorder______,neitherthecitizennorhisfamilyissafe.A.arenotpreserved B.isnotpreservedC.werepreserved D.havenotbeenpreserved16.There______littlechangeinthatmiddleschool.A.have B.had C.havebeen D.hasbeen17.Whatsuchasunsetis______strangetousall.A.goingtobe B./ C.is D.that18.Seventy-fivepercentoftheearth’ssurface______withwater.A.iscovered B.iscovering C.werecovered D.arecovered19.Thefollowing______someothermentaldiseases.A.being B.are C.was D.were20.NotonlyyoubutalsoI______abletohelphimout.A.are B.is C.am D.were21.“TheKites”______usastoryofthekite’shistory.A.havetold B.tells C.weretold D.wastold22.YouandI_____twinsisters.A.were B.are C.is D.am23.AteacherofEnglishandclassteacher_______ussomethingaboutvolunteerworkers.A.aretelling B.istelling C.aregiven D.weregiven24.Thousandsoftonsofrubbish________overalargeperiodoftime.A.rotsaway B.rotaway C.hasrottedaway D.arerottedaway25.Mayoraswellasvolunteerworkers_______thenewly-builtstadium.A.iscleaning B.arecleaning C.werecleaning D.havecleaned26.Manyastudent______somethingaboutAbrahamLincoln.A.haveknown B.knowsC.isknown D.areknown27.Thedefenceworks______builtlongagotokeeptheenemyaway.A.were B.hasbeenC.hadbeen D.was28.“Haveyouallstudiedthepassage‘UsingtheMindagainstDisease’？”“______.”A.Nobodyofushas B.NobodyofushaveC.Noneofushas D.Noneofusdid29.AgroupofItaliansoldiers______quicklytowardstheirposition.A.wereadvancing B.wereadvancedC.wasadvancing D.advancing30.Everyone,menandwomen,oldandyoung______sportsandgames.A.isenjoy B.wereenjoyingC.enjoys D.enjoy1.解析：选B.hundred一词前面有具体数词修饰时不加-s2.解析：选D.当either…or连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词在人称和数上和后一个主语保持一致。“be+不定式”表示按方案或安排将要发生的动作。3.解析：选A.who为引导定语从句的关系代词，其先行词是I,所以谓语动词要用am.4.解析：选D.主语theOlympicGames意为：奥运会，谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式；后半部分为which引导的非限制情定语从句，其谓语动词要用单数形式。5.解析：选C.therebe句型中be动词的单复数取决于其后的主语，alotofrubbish(不可数名词)，因此后面谓语动词要用单数。6.解析：选A.主语为coal,是不可数名词。根据题意，此处要用被动语态。7.解析：选A.主语StoriesoftheLongMarch是书名，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。8.解析：选C.此处mathematics为学科名词，作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。9.解析：选B.bothand连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。10.解析：选C.either是主语部分的中心词，助动词要与either要数上保持一致。11.解析：选B.what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词要根据后面的名词的数来决定，此处要用非第三人称单数形式。12.解析：选A.此处指：家里的各个成员，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。13.解析：选A.此处nothing句子的主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。14.解析：选A.此句为倒装句，句子的主语是asoldierandtwoyoungpeople.15.解析：选B.此处主语lawandorder指的是同一个概念，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式.16.解析：选D.此处therebe结构中的主语littlechange是不可数名词。17.解析：选C.本句是主语从句，缺谓语，所以要用第三人称单数形式。18.解析：选A.本句缺谓语，主语percent后面是不可数名词，所以要用第三人称单数形式。19.解析：选B.本句的表语是复数形式，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形。20.解析：选C.根据就近一致性原则，谓语用am.21.解析：选B.本句的主语是书名，从整体考虑，谓语是第三人称单数形。22.解析：选B.用and连接两个并列主语时，谓语用非第三人称单数形.23.解析：选B.本句主语是同一个人，谓语用第三人称单数形式。24.解析：选B.本句主语是tons,是复数形式，rot是不及物动词，不可用被动形式。25.解析：选A.本句主语Mayor是单数形式，谓语用第三人称单数形式。26.解析：选B.主语manyastudent意思是复数，形式是单数。谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。27.解析：选D.主语works是集合名词，当成整体考虑，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。Longago表示过去.28.解析：选C.因为问句是完成时态，答句要用完成时态答复，另外主语不可用nobodyofus.29.解析：选A.主语agroupof在本句中表示具体每个人。30.解析：选C.本句主语是不定代词everyone，为单数主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。练习：主谓一致1.I,who____yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourEnglish.2.Therich____notalwayshappy.3.NeitherTomnorJackandI____hisstudents.4.Maryaswellashersisters____ChineseinChina.A.arestudying

B.havestudied

C.studies

D.study5.NeithermyfathernorI____athome.6.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoI____goodatpainting.Bothofus____goodpainters.,A.are;are

B.am;am

C.ani;are

D.is;is7.Every'boyandeverygirl____toattendtheeveningparty.8.Over80percentofthepopulationofChina____peasants.9.ThepopulationofChina____largerthanthatof.anyothercountryintheworld.10.Everymeans____triedbutwithoutanyresult.A.havebeen

B.istobe

C.aretobe

D.hasbeen11.Alice,togetherwithtwoboys,____forhavingbrokentherule.A.waspunished

B.punished

C.werepunished

D.beingpunished12.TheLeaguesecretaryandthemonitor____askedtoattendthe.meetingthisafternoon.A.is

B.was

C.are

D.isbeing13.Thegreatwriterandprofessor____.A.isanoldman

B.arebotholdmenC.isanoldmanandayoungman

D.weretwoChinese14.There____apen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.15.Alargenumberofstudentsinourclass____girls.A.are

B.was

C.is

D.be16.Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildroses____muchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.17.TheArabianNights____wellknowntotheEnglish.A.is

B.are

C.was

D.were18.ChairmanMao'sworks____published.19.Achemicalworks____builtthere.A.istobeing

B.havebeen

C.wereto

D.hasbeen20.TheOlympicGames____heldevery____years.A.is;four

B.are;four

C.is;five

D.are;five21.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica

oneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.22.Heistheonlyoneofdiestudentswho____elected.23.Theisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthat____asked.A.have

B.has

C.havebeen

D.hasbeen24.Manyaman____cometohelpus.25."All____presentandall____goingonwell,"ourmonitorsaid.A.is;is

B.are;are

C.are;is

D.is;are26.Thepolice____themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.A.issearchingfor

B.weresearchingforC.aresearchingfor

D.weresearching27.Yourtrousers____dirty.Youmusthave____washed.A.is;il

B.are;it

C.are;them

D.is;them28.Thispairoftrouseis____toolongforhim.29.Oneandahalfbananas____leftonthetable.30.Eighttimeseight____sixty-four.31.Tenminutes____anhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.32.____ofthemoney____nmout.A.Three-fifth;has

B.Three-fifth;hasbeenC.Three-fifths;has

D.Three-fifths;have33.Thewholeclass____theteacherattentively.A.arelisteningto

B.islisteningtoC.arelistening

D.islistening34.1havefinishedalargepartofthebook,therestofwhich___moredifficult.35.Betweenthetworowsoftrees____theteachingbuilding.36.Largequantitiesofwater____forirrigation.A.isneeded

B.has-needed

C.areneeded

D.need37.Thattheywerewronginthesematters____nowcleartousall.38.Whatweneed____goodtextbooks.39.Whatyousaidjustnow____thematterwearediscussing.A.havesomethingtoat

B.hassomethingtodowithC.hadsomethingtodowith

D.hasbeensomethingtodowith40.Morethanonemember____againsttheplan.41.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory____yet.A.hasnotdecided

B.isnotdecidedC.arenotdecided

D.havenotdecided42.Halfofthefruit____bad.A.are

B.has

C.is

D.have43.____eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?A.Have

B.Had

C.Has

D.Is44.Mathematics____thelanguageofscience.A.are

B.aregoingtobe

C.is

D.istobe45.Myfamily____small.A.is

B.were

C.are

D.makes46.Thefollowing____someotherexamples.A.are

B.is

C.was

D.were47.Theybothhavesomefriends;buthis____moreactive.A.is

B.willbe

C.was

D.are48.Bothriceandwheat____growninthatcountry.A.is

B.are

C.was

D.has49.Earlytobedandearlytorise____agoodhabit.A.are

B.is

C.were

D.was50.Toplaybasketballandtogoswimming____usefulforcharacter-training.A.was

B.is

C.are

D.were51.EitherheorI____toattendthemassmeetingthisevening.A.is

B.am

C.are

D.be52.____eitherheorItoattendthemassmeetingthisevening.A.is

B.am

C.are

D.be53.Anironandsteelworks,withsomesatellitefactories,____tobebuilthere.A.are

B.were

C.is

D.will54.Sheaswellasherbrother____aLeaguemember.A.are

B.were

C.will

D.is55.Hisfamily____abigone.Nowthefamily____watchingTV.A.is,are

B.are,is

C.is,is

D.are,are56.ItisIwho____goingtoattendthemeetingtomorrow.A.is

B.am

C.are

D.be57.Morethan60%ofthestudents____thecountryside.A.is

B.are

C.isfrom

D.arefrom58.Manyaman____thenovel.A.hasread

B.haveread

C.isread

D.areread59.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswho____goingtoswimthisafternoon.A.is

B.was

C.are

D.were60.Here____apen,afewpencilsandsomepaperforyou.A.are

B.is

C.was

D.were答案：1~5AAACA

6~10CBDAD

11~15ACABA

16~20AABDB

21~25ADCBC26~30BCAAA

31~35ACAAB

36~40CABBA

41~45BCCCA

46~50ADBBC51~55BACDA

56~60BDAAB

论大学生写作能力写作能力是对自己所积累的信息进行选择、提取、加工、改造并将之形成为书面文字的能力。积累是写作的基础，积累越厚实，写作就越有基础，文章就能根深叶茂开奇葩。没有积累，胸无点墨，怎么也不会写出作文来的。写作能力是每个大学生必须具备的能力。从目前高校整体情况上看，大学生的写作能力较为欠缺。一、大学生应用文写作能力的定义那么，大学生的写作能力究竟是指什么呢？叶圣陶先生曾经说过，“大学毕业生不一定能写小说诗歌，但是一定要写工作和生活中实用的文章，而且非写得既通顺又扎实不可。”对于大学生的写作能力应包含什么，可能有多种理解，但从叶圣陶先生的谈话中，我认为：大学生写作能力应包括应用写作能力和文学写作能力，而前者是必须的，后者是“不一定”要具备，能具备则更好。众所周知，对于大学生来说，是要写毕业论文的，我认为写作论文的能力可以包含在应用写作能力之中。大学生写作能力的体现，也往往是在撰写毕业论文中集中体现出来的。本科毕业论文无论是对于学生个人还是对于院系和学校来说，都是十分重要的。如何提高本科毕业论文的质量和水平，就成为教育行政部门和高校都很重视的一个重要课题。如何提高大学生的写作能力的问题必须得到社会的广泛关注，并且提出对策去实施解决。二、造成大学生应用文写作困境的原因：（一）大学写作课开设结构不合理。就目前中国多数高校的学科设置来看，除了中文专业会系统开设写作的系列课程外，其他专业的学生都只开设了普及性的《大学语文》课。学生写作能力的提高是一项艰巨复杂的任务，而我们的课程设置仅把这一任务交给了大学语文教师，可大学语文教师既要在有限课时时间内普及相关经典名著知识，又要适度提高学生的鉴赏能力，且要教会学生写作