it做形式主语和形式宾语

一.It作形式主语常见句型动词不定式，动名词或主语从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语动词前，而用it作形式主语，放到句首，it作形式主语时没有具体的意义常见句型有:1.It+be+形容词+主语从句，如:ItisuncertainwhetherhecancometoJenny’sbirthdaypartyornot.2.It+be+名词词组+主语从句，这类名词有:afact,apity,ashame,anhonourIt’sapitythatyoumissedtheexcitingfootballmatch.LItremainsaquestionwhetherhewillcomeornot3.It+be+过去分词+主语从句，这类过去分词有:announced,believed,expectedhoped,decided,reported,said,shown等，如:Itisreportedthat16peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.Itisnotdecidedwhowillgivetheoperationtothepatient.4.It+不及物动词(seem，appear，happen等)+主语从句，这类不及物动词有:appear,happen,seem等，如:VItseemedthathedidn’ttellthetruth.IthappenedthatIwasoutwhenhecalled.5.It+be+形容词+forsb.)+动词不定式这类句型常用形容词easy,difficult,hard,important,possible，wise等作表语，有时今日候为了强调不定式动作的执行者，常在不定式前加forsb，如:这类句型常用形容词easydifficult,hard,important,possible,wise等作表语，候为了强调不定式动作的执行者，常在不定式前加forsb，如:It’snecessaryfortheyoungtomastertwoforeignlanguage.Itisunwisetogivethechildrenwhatevertheywant.这类形容词有:casy,difficult,hard,important,possible,wise6.It+be+形容词+ofsb.+动词不定式，这类形容词常是表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词,如:kind,nicestupid,clever,foolish,polite,impolite,silly,selfish,considerate来后等。某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。如:It’sverykindofyoutohelpmewiththework=Youarekindtohelpme.Itseemedselfishofhimnottosharehisdictionarywithothers.=Heseemedselfishnottosharehisdictionarywithothers.7.It+be+名词词组+动词不定式，如:Itisnotagoodhabittostayuptoolate.8.It+be+名词或形容词+动名词，这类名词和形容词常常是:good,nogood,nouse,awasteof,useless,senseless等，如:It’sawasteoftimetalkingtoheranymore.Itisnousearguingaboutthematterwithhim.9.It+take(sb.)+时间(金钱)+动词不定式，如:Ittooktheworkersalmostthreeyearstofinishbuildingthedam.Itwilltakeawholedaytogettothetopofthemountainonfoot.1.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever2.Infactisahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it3.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It4.Is____necessarytotakeoffourshoeswhenweenterthelab?A.everyoneB.thisC.herD.it5._____willtakeyoualotoftimetofindhiminthecrowd.A.ItB.IC.WeD.They6.Itisnousehis___there,thesituationishopelessnow.A.togoB.tobegoingC.goingD.havinggone7.Itisnevertoolatetolearn,____?A.isitB.isn’titC.doesitD.doesn’tit8._____isknowntoallthatShenzhouVILaunchedSuccessfullyA.AsB.WhatC.ItD.That9.____isreportedinthenewspaper,theEarthquakeincastChina'sJiangdProvincekilled13peopleA.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What10.____certainthathisinventionwillmakepeopie’slifeconvenient.A.That’sB.ThisisC.It’sD.What’s11.____thatthereisanotherfootballmatchontheairthisevening.A.ItsaysB.ItwassaidC.ItissaidD.Whatwassaid12.______thattheirdaughtergotanopportunitytostudyabroad.A.It’saexcitingnewsB.ThisisanexcitingnewsC.ThisisexitingnewsD.It’sexcitingnews参考答案:1--5BDDDA6--10CACAC11--12CD二.it作形式宾语时，可以代替三种形式:不定式、动名词和宾语从句。it作形式宾语时，需具备两个条件:①真正的宾语是不定式、动名词或从句2)有宾语补足语具备了这两个条件，形式宾语it一定要用。1.it代替不定式短语think/find/feel/consider/make/regard…+it+形容词/名词+不定式短语Ifinditpleasanttoworkwithhim.Theyfeltitdifficulttofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.Allthesenoisesmadeitimpossibleformetogoonwiththework.2.it代替动名词短语(这只限于少数句型，在多数情况下用不定式时更多一些①Theprofessorconsidersitnogoodreadingwithoutunderstanding.这位教授认为阅读而不理解没有益处。③Hefoundituseless(nouse)arguingwithhim.④Hethoughtitabsolutelysenselessattemptingtheimpossible.3.it代替宾语从句:Weallthoughtitapitythattheconferenceshouldhavebeencancelled②Itookitforgrantedthattheywerenotcoming.我想他们准是不会来的了。I’llseetoitthateverythingisreadyintime.我负责使一切都按时准备好。三、形式主语、形式突语零项练习1.It'seasier____than__A.say;doB.tosay,todoC.says,doesD.saying,doing2.Ittakesme30minutes____toschoolbybikeeverydayA.goingB.togoC.gocsD.go3.It’snoteasy_____us__aforeignanguage.A.for;learningB.of;learningC.of;tolearnD.for;tolearn4.Childrenfind__interestingtoplaycomputergames.A.thatB.whichC.itD.it’s5.Doyouthinkitimportant__computerwell?A.playB.playsC.toplayD.playing6.Is____necessarytocompletethedesignbcforeNationalDay?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he7.Idon'tthink........possibletomasteraforeignlanguagememorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it8.Does____matterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it9.Tom’smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but____didn’thelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it10.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It11.Ihate___whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfullA.itB.thatC.theseD.them12.Ilikeintheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one13.____happened___heisunfitfortheoffice.A.This;thatB.That;thatC.It;thatD.He;that14.Wetook_____forgrantedthattheywouldacceptouradvice.A.thatB.thisC.itD.them15._____thatthescientistwillgiveusatalknextmonth?A.IstrueB.IsittrueC.It’strueD.It’struly16.____doesn’tmattermuch__dressyouaregoingtowear.A.This;thatB.That;whoC.It;whichD.It;who17.__isgoingtoAmericaforfurtherstudy.A.HeissaidthatB.PeoplesaidthatheC.ItwassaidheD.Itissaidthathe18.Theyaregoodfriends._____isnowonderthattheyknoweachothersowell.A.ThisB.ThatC.ThereD.It19.Is___possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.thisB.thereC.thatD.it20.Sheliked___whenhekissedher.A.himB.thatC.oneD.it21.__willdoyougoodtodosomeexerciseeverymorning.A.ItB.ThereC.ThoseD.One22.Wethink__ourdutytopaytaxestoourgovernment.A.thatB.thisC.itsD.it23.I’dappreciate__ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.A.thatB.itC.thisD.you24.-Whatdoyou