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2021-2022年山东省日照市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________
一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.
Whatkindofanimalaffectedbyman-madechemicalsisnotreferredinthepassage?
A.Polarbears.B.Mammals.C.People.D.Birds.
2.OfficeSpace
Aroundtheturnofthecentury,youcouldn'tgetofficespaceinSanFranciscowithoutfirstshowingyourpotentiallandlordyourbusinessplanandofferingstockoptions.Youhadtopitchyourlandlordthesamewayyoudidyourventurecapitalists.Landlordsrealizedtheycouldpickandchoosetenantsandinterviewthem,ratherthanviceversa.
Sincethedot-combust,however,thathaschangeddrastically.ThevacancyrateinSanFranciscojumpedfrom2%in2000to9%in2001.Now,landlordsarelesspickyandwilloftendivideupfloorsoftheirbuildingstosuitsmallertenants.
WhatFunctionsDoesthespaceNeedtosever
Whendecidingwhatpurposesyouneedyourofficespacetofill,thinkaboutyourexpectedeverydayactivities.Forinstance:
WillyouexpectclientstoVisityouroffice?Thenyouneedanicereceptionarea,easyparking,productdisplayareas,conferenceareas.
Willthoseclientsstayforextendedperiodsoftime?Thenlargermeetingrooms,audio/visualrooms,theimpactandimpressionsthattherestofyourofficespacewillmakeonthem.Shouldtherebeaclosed-offareathatclientsvisit?
Willgroupsofyouremployeeshaveregularprojectmeetings?Thinkabouthavingseveralsmallmeetingroomswithwhiteboards,computerhook-ups,overheadprojectionsystems,etc.
Willmanyofyouremployeestravelextensivelyortelecommute?Thinkaboutsettingupcentral,non-assignedworkstationswhereanyonecanpluginanddotheirworkwithaccesstoe-mail,andvoicemail.
Willyouneedopenspacesthatwillfostercreativethinkingandteamwork?Thinkaboutsettingupseparateareaswherecollaborativeeffortscaneasilybediscussedandbrainstormedwithoutdisturbingothers.
Willyouhaveemployeesinvolvedinphonenegotiations,researchstudy,andothertasksthatrequiremorequietconcentration?--Thinkabout..,privateofficeswheremoreindependentworkandprivatediscussionscantakeplace.
Willyouhaveemployeesorclientswithsightorhearingimpairments,physicalchallenges,etc.?--Thinkabout..,specialaccommodationsforemployeesorclientswithspecialneeds.
Willyouneedabreakroom?--Thinkaboutlunchroomspace,kitchenappliances,gamesandactivitiestorelievestressandfostercreativethought,restfuldecor,energeticdecor,etc.
Willnoisebeanissueinanyrespect?--Thinkabout..,soundproofingmeetingrooms,breakrooms,productdevelopmentareas,manufacturingareas,etc.
Willyouneedloadingandshippingdockareas?--Thinkabout..,futureventuresintoproductlinesyoumaynotoffernow,receivinglargeordersofsupplies,etc.
Thereareprobablyotherusesforyourofficespace,somakesureyou'vethoroughlythoughtthroughalloftheactivitiesyouseebeingperformedonaroutine(andevenanon-routine)basisandwritethemdown.Yourfinalselectedspaceshouldaccommodatemostifnotallofthoseneeds.
Sonowyouknowtheusesthespacewillhave,buthowmuchsquarefootageshouldyoulookfor?Let'sgotothenextsessiontofindouthowtoestimatethesizeofofficeyouneed.
HowmuchspaceIsEnoughspace?
Ifyouknowyouneedaphysicalspaceforyourbusiness,andyouknowwhatfeaturesyouneedinthatspace,thenyournextquestionisprobably,"howmuchspacedoIneed?"AccordingtoOfficeF,intypicalofficescenarios,youcanestimate175-250squarefeetperemployee.Ifyouknow,however,thatyou'llneedacoupleoflargeexecutiveofficesthenyouneedtoestimatemoresquarefootageforthose.Typical"presidential"officesrangefrom150-400squarefeet.Secretarialandadministrativespace,ontheotherhand,willrangefrom60-110squarefeet.<
A.YB.NC.NG
3.
Securityisals0abigconcernasBluetoothtechnologyhasanessenceof_______________.
4.Thegovernmenthastodecidehowtoarrangepeople'sassetsifthey______.
5.
Exercisesingratitude,kindnessandoptimismcanmakepeoplehappier—butonlyiftheykeepdoingthemandtheseexercises______.
6.
Whethertheemploymentofwomenhasledtogreateregalitarianismis______.
7.
AccordingtoEuropeanconcepts,aFrencharchitectdesignedamodemIndiancity,named______.
8.
Ahotclogisusuallymadefrompork,heel,turkeyandtofu.
A.YB.NC.NG
9.(9)
10.
Prisontermstobeservedonweekendsonlyare______.
11.
Manufacturesanalyzethebusinessofsellingandbuyingallthetime,thisiscalled______.
12.
Whichofthefollowingismentionedasabenefitofwalking?
A.Itisbeneficialtoyourheartandlungs.
B.Ithelpstobuildstrongupperbodymuscles.
C.Itputsnostressonyourjoints.
D.Itdoesnoharmtothebones.
13.
Newtreeseedlingswillnotsurvivetoreachthecanopylevelunless
14.ResidentsofOldOrderAmishcommunitiesbeganunconsciouslytopractisesustainablelivingfrom______.
15.
Withthedevelopmentof______,therecoveryperiodmaybecomeshorterandshorter.
16.Onceapersonistooweakorlosestheabilitytodothings,alivingwillisareliabledocumentforrequired______.
17.
PeoplewhovoluntarilyworkedasservantsforseveralyearsinexchangeforpassagetoAmericawerecalledindenturedservants.
A.YB.NC.NG
18.Theexistingsatellitesarenotgoodatdetectingthethicknessoftheicepartlybecausetheorbitsofsatelliteswith______donotcovereveryportionoftheocean.
19.
TheYellowRiverinChinafailedtoreachtheseaforthefirsttimeinhistoryintheyearof______.
20.
Oftenstudentsarequite______thattheyaremovingtheirheadswhilereading.
二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.
【B7】
22.
【B4】
23.
【B2】
24.听力原文:W:I'vebeenstudyingallthetime,butIstillcan'tseeanyimprovementinmygrades.
M:Maybeinsteadofstudyinginyourdorm,you'dbettergotosomeplacewheretherearefewerdistractions.
Q:Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?
(19)
A.Studyinaquietplace.
B.Improvehergradesgradually.
C.Changetheconditionsofherdorm.
D.Avoiddistractionswhilestudyinginherdorm.
25.(21)
A.Theintroductionofthedraft.
B.Thefirstpartofthedraft.
C.Theheadingsofthedraft.
D.Themiddlepartofthedraft.
26.SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.
听力原文:Atonetimeitwasthemostimportantcityintheregion—abustlingcommercialcenterknownforitsmassivemonuments,itscrowdedstreetsandcommercialdistricts,anditsculturalandreligiousinsituations.Then,suddenly,itwasabandoned.Withinagenerationmostofitspopulationdepartedand'theatoncemagnificentcitybecameallbutaghosttown.Thisisthehistoryofapre-ColumbiacitycalledTeotihuacán.ThenameistheAztecword,whichmeans"theplacethegodcallshome".Itwasonceametropolisofasmanyas2,000,000inhabitants33milesnorthwestofpresent-dayMexicoCity.AnditwasalsothefocusofagreatempirethatstretchedfromthearidplainsofcentralMexicotothemountainofGuatemala.
Whydidthiscitydie?Researchershavefoundnosignsofepidemicdiseaseordestructiveinversions.ButtheyhavefoundsignsthatsuggesttheTeotihuacánsthemselvesburnedtheirtemplesandsomeoftheirotherbuildings.Therewereevidencerevealedthatpilesofweedhadbeenplacedaroundthesestructuresandsetfire.SomespeculatethatTeotihuacán'sinhabitantsmayhaveabandonedthecitybecauseithadbecome"aclumsygiant..."Butotherexpertsthinkthattheancientinhabitantsmayhavedestroyedtheirtemplesandabandonedtheircityinrageagainsttheirgodsforpermittingalongfamine.
(27)
A.It'snearMexicoCity.
B.It'sinGuatemala.
C.It'sstretchedfromtheplainsofcentralMexicotothemountainsofGuatemala.
D.It'sinAmerica.
27.
【B8】
28.听力原文:M:Whatdoyouthinkofthegovernment'snewtax-cutproposal?
W:Thoughitmaygivesomebenefittothepoor,itskeycomponentistheeliminationoftaxondividends.Thatmeanstherichwillgetricher.
Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthegovernment'stax-cutproposal?
(18)
A.Itwillreducegovernmentrevenues.
B.Itwillstimulatebusinessactivities.
C.Itwillmainlybenefitthewealthy.
D.Itwillcutthestockholders'dividends.
29.听力原文:W:Thisfoodisterrible!Ican'tevenfinishmydinner.
M:Iknow.Youthinkwithallthemoneywepaidforroomandboard,theuniversitycouldhireabetterfoodservice.Whereareyouheadednext?
W:I'mgoingovertothestudentrecreationcentertoplaysomebridge.
M:Youarespendingyourtimeonacardgame?
W:Notjustanycardgame.It'soneofthemoststrategicones.
M:SoIhaveheard.Don'tyouplaywithapartner?
W:Yeah!Fourpeopleplay,twoagainsttheothertwo.
M:So,youtrytoplayincooperationwithyourpartner?
W:Actually,thecardsofoneofthefourplayersareturnedfaceup.Thatplayeriscalledthedummy.
M:Iwouldn'twanttobecalledthat.Whenyouarethedummy,whatdoyoudowhilethecardsarebeingplayed?
W:Anythingyouwant.Sitthereandstudy,shuffleanotherdeck,getsnacksforeveryoneIliketostandbehindmypartnerandwatch.
M:Youknow,I'veheardthatbridgeishabitforming.Youshouldbecarefulnottoplaysomuchthatyoudon'tgetyourstudyingdone.
W:Don'tworryaboutme.IonlyplayThursdaysafterdinner,andsometimeswhentheyneedaforthplayer.Ifyoutike,Icouldteachyou.
M:Thanks,butIhaveaprettyheavyworkloadthissemester;IalreadyspendmyeveningsdoingthingsIdon'treallyknowhowtodoyet.
(23)
A.Inthestudentrecreationcenter.
B.Inthecampusdininghall.
C.Intheuniversitybookstore.
D.Inaclassroom.
30.(20)
A.Aboutwhichhousetobuy.
B.Aboutwhichschooltosendtheirchildrento.
C.Aboutwhethertobuythesailing-boat.
D.Abouthowtodecoratethenewhouse.
31.听力原文:UniversityteachingintheUnitedKingdomisverydifferentatbothundergraduateandgraduatelevelsfromthatofmanyoverseascountries.
Anundergraduatecourseconsistsofaseriesoflectures,seminarsandtutorials,andinscienceandengineering,laboratoryclasses,whichintotalaccountforabout15hoursperweek.Artsstudentsmaywellfindthattheirofficialcontactwithteachersislessthanthisaverage,whilescienceandengineeringstudentsmayexpecttobetimetabledforupto20hoursperweek.Studentsstudyingforaparticulardegreewilltakeaseriesoflecturecourseswhichruninparallelatafixedtimeineachweekandmaylastoneacademictermorthewholeyear.Associatedwitheachlecturecourseareseminars,tutorialsandlaboratoryclasseswhichdrawupon,analyze,illustrateoramplifythetopicspresentedinthelectures.Lectureclassescanvaryinsizefrom20to200althoughlargersizedlecturestendtodecreaseasstudentsprogressintothesecondandthirdyearandmoreoptionsbecomeavailable.Seminarsandtutorialsareonthewholemuchsmallerthanlectureclaspsandinsomedepartmentscanbeonaone-to-onebasis.Studentsarenormallyexpectedtoprepareworkinadvance,forseminarsandtutorialsandthiscantaketheform.ofresearchingatopicfordiscussion,bywritingessaysorbysolvingproblems.Lectures,seminarsandtutorialsareallonehourinlength,whilelaboratoryclassesusuallylast2or3hours.Muchemphasisisputonhowtospendasmuchtimeifnotmorestudyingbythemselvesasbeingtaught.IntheUKitisstillcommonforpeopletosaythattheyare"reading"foradegree!
(33)
A.Sciencecoursesaremoremotivatingthanartscourses.
B.Sciencecoursesaremoreinterestingthanartscourses.
C.Artscourseshavemoreclassesthansciencecourses.
D.Sciencecoursesaremoredemandingthanartscourses.
32.(22)
A.Foraneasygrade.
B.Tofollowhisfather.
C.Tochangehisspecialty.
D.Forknowledgeofpoetry.
33.SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe
Fromthechildtooldage,wealluselanguageasameansof【B1】______ourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaroundus.Whenhumansfirst【B2】______,theywerelikenewbornchildren,unabletousethisvaluabletool.Yetoncelanguagedeveloped,the【B3】______forhuman'skind'sfutureattainmentandculturalgrowthincreased.
Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis【B4】______forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They【B5】______thatourhighevolvedbrainprovidesuswithaninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlowerorganism.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatourpotentialforlanguageis【B6】______,butthatlanguageitselfdevelops【B7】______,asafunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecriticalbiologicaltimesforlanguagedevelopment.
Currentreviewsofinnatenesstheoryaremixed,however,evidencesupportingthe【B8】______ofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.Indeed,moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtinthelowergrades.【B9】______.
Althoughsomeaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnate,languagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeenisolatedfromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.【B10】______Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguageacquisitionthananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitative,learnedbehavior.Inotherwords,childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.【B11】______.
【B1】
34.听力原文:M:Youarewashingyourcarevenonvacation.Itmakesmefeelguilty.
W:Youshouldn't.It'sjustthatIhavenothingbettertodoatthemoment.
Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?
(19)
A.She'swatchingthecarsgoby.
B.She'swashingthecarforkillingtime.
C.Themanshouldfeelwellsoon.
D.Themanworksharderthanshedoes.
35.
【B3】
36.听力原文:M:Susan,Ifeelsohappynow.I'vejustgotthenewsthatI'vewonthescholarshipforthenextschoolyear.
W:Youcertainlydeserveit.
Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?
(15)
A.Itisquiteunexpected.
B.Shehasalreadygotthenews.
C.Shehasconfidenceintheman.
D.Itisnotexcitingtolearnaboutit.
37.听力原文:W:(19)Youareanexpertonurbanproblem.Mr.Cross.Iwonderhowyouwoulddescribethecharacteristicsoftheseenormouscities.
M:ThefirstpointtomakeisthattheyaredifferentfromlargecitiesinEuropeandAmerica.
W:Surlyalllargecitiesareessentiallysimilar.
M:It'struethatalllargecitiesexperiencesimilarproblemsprovisioninghousingandservices,butthedifferenceliesinthetimefactor.
W:Surlysomeofthecitiesweareconsideringarejustasoldand,insomecases,mucholder,thancitiesintheUnitedStates,forinstance.
M:Verytrue,butthelargecitiesofEuropeandtheUnitedStatesgrewrelativelyslowly.(21)Londonhadapopulationofmorethanamillionatthebeginningofthenineteenthcenturyandthisnumberofmorethaneightmillion.Andthisgrowthwasparalleltoindustrialgrowththroughoutthecountry.ThesameistrueofNewYork,forexample.
W:ButthisisnottrueofMexicocityorBuenosAires?
M:No,itisnot.(20)ThroughoutLatinAmericaandinpartsofAsia,citieshavegrownmuchfasterthanindustry,oragricultureforthatmatter.Someofthesecitieshavequadrupledinsizeinlessthantwodecades,whileindustrialgrowthoverthesameperiodmayhaveonlyreachedthirtytofortypercent.
W:Whatdoesthismean?
M:Essentiallythepopulationgrowthisnotequaltothenumberofemploymentopportunities.Muchoftheincreaseisduetoimmigrationfromthecountryside,amovementofpeopleinsearchofbetterconditions.
(20)
A.Thetouristandtheguide.
B.Thestudentandtheteacher.
C.Thereporterandtheurbanexpert.
D.Theworkerandthemanager.
38.(36)
A.Smokingisprohibitedanywhereinthecoach.
B.Smokingcigarettesispermittedanywhereinthecoach.
C.Smokingcigarettesispermittedonlyinthelastthreerowsofseats.
D.Cigarsmokingispermittedinthelastthreerowsofseatsinthecoach.
39.听力原文:W:Asawell-knownpublicspeaker,canyougiveussomesuggestionsonhowtodeliveragoodspeech?
M:(19)Tobeginwith,youshouldaskyourselfaquestion,thatis,whatdoesyouraudienceneedandwant?It'sbettertoquestionyourselfbeforethespeech.
W:Whydoweneedtoknowtheirneedsandwants?
M:(21)IfyouareapublicspeakerLitisabsolutelyessentialtoknowhowtocaptureandmaintaintheinterestofyouraudience,whichmeansyouhavetoknowwhattheywanttoknowandwhattheywanttohear.
W:Youmeanweshouldpayspecialattentiontothecontentofthespeech,right?
M:Yes.Ifyouelaborateonfactsandfiguresthateveryoneisalreadyfamiliarwith,thenitisquitepossiblethatyouwillactuallylosetheattentionofthosewhoarelisteningtoyourpresentation.
W:Whatshouldwedothen?
M:(20)Manysuccessfulspeakerswillsummarizethatpartoraddsomedifferentviewpointstoit.Thisisagoodwaytoincreasetheirlevelofunderstandingofthetopic.Ifyouraudiencecannotfollowyourspeech.it'squitepossiblethatthey'llleaveordozeoff.
W:Howaboutbodylanguage?Iseemanyspeakersusealotofhandgestures.
M:Notonlyhandgestures,butalsofacialexpression,bodymovementandevenvoicechanges.Itisalwaysimportanttorememberthatsometimes,howyousaysomethingwillhavealargerimpactthanwhatyousay.
(20)
A.Askhimselfalotofquestions.
B.Knowhisownneedsandwants.
C.Figureoutwhathisaudienceisinterestedin.
D.Puthisnotesinorderahead.
40.(35)
A.Farmersshoulduselessinsecticide:
B.Farmersshoulduseacombinationoftwoorthreeinsecticidesatonce.
C.Farmersshouldattractnewinsectsontothecropscertaintimes.
D.Farmersshouldregularlyspraycropsasaprecaution.
三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.
【C10】
42.
Accordingtotheauthor,______.
A.thepersonalitiesofathletesproduceviolentconfrontations
B.athletesshouldnothavetoacceptunnecessaryphysicalabuse
C.athletessalariesarealreadytoohigh
D.athletesneedhighersalariestocompensatefortheirinjuries
43.Ironically,intheUnitedStates,acountryofimmigrants,prejudiceanddiscriminationcontinuetobeseriousproblems.Therewasoftentensionbetweeneachestablishedgroupofimmigrantsandeachsucceedinggroup.Aseachgroupbecamemorefinanciallysuccessful,andmorepowerful,theyexcludednewcomersfromfullparticipationinthesociety.Prejudiceanddiscriminationarepartofourhistory,however,thisprejudicialtreatmentofdifferentgroupsisnowheremoreunjustthanwithblackAmericans.
Blackshaddistinctdisadvantages.Forthemostpart,theycametothe"landofopportunity"asslavesandtheywerenotfreetokeeptheirheritageandculturaltraditions.UnlikemostEuropeanimmigrants,blacksdidnothavetheprotectionofasupportgroup;sometimesslave-ownersseparatedmembersofthesamefamily.Theycouldnotmixeasilywiththeestablishedsocietyeitherbecauseoftheirskincolor.ItwasdifficultforthemtoadapttotheAmericanculture.Evenaftertheybecamefreepeople,theystillexperienceddiscriminationinemployment,housing,education,andeveninpublicfacilities,suchasrestroom.
Prejudiceanddiscrimination______.
A.weregone
B.havebeenexistingintheAmericansociety
C.don'texcludenewimmigrantsfromparticipationinthesociety
D.aremainlycausedbytheslavery
44.LikepeopleinJapan,Europeancitydwellersmayalsoundergoashiftfromowningacartousing______.
45.
Themainpurposeofstockoptionsis______.
A.togiveincentivetocutcomerstopumpupstockpricesintheshortterm
B.toinspireCEOstowinandlosewiththerestoflong-termshareholders
C.tolessentheextentofcorporatemalfeasance
D.toimprovecompany'sprofitbycuttingthetaxpaidtothegovernment
46.
【C7】
47.
TheexampleofArpadPusztaiisusedtoillustrate______.
A.publicignoranceofthepotentialrisksinGEfood
B.theroleofTVinpublicizingscientificknowledge
C.theimportanceofscientificfindingstoscientificresearch
D.thethreatfacedbyindependentscience
48.Whichfactorpusheduphouseprices?
A.Manyyoungmen,wholivealone,haveincreaseddemandforhouses.
B.Manyyoungmenneedtorentmorehouses.
C.Itiseasytoapplyforamortgageforyounggeneration.
D.Thenumberofolderpeople,manyofwhomlivealone,becomesbiggerandbigger.
49.
WelearnfromthepassagethatamanfromtheSpeikRiverareaculturewilltrytogrowsuperioryamsprincipallyinorderto______.
A.showflintheworksharderthanothers
B.honorthespiritsofthedead
C.providehisfamilywithnourishingfood
D.demonstratehisownpowerandimportance
50.SectionB
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.
Anewstudyusesadvancedbrain-scanningtechnologytoeastlightonatopicthatpsychologistshavepuzzledoverformorethanhalfacentury:socialconformity.
Thestudywasbasedonafamousseriesoflaboratoryexperimentsfromthe1950'sbyasocialpsychologist,Dr.SolomonAsch.
Inthoseearlystudies,thesubjectswereshowntwocards.Onthefirstwasaverticalline.Onthesecondwerethreelines,oneofthemthesamelengthasthatonthefirstcard.
Thenthesubjectswereaskedtosaywhichtwolineswerealike,somethingthatmost5-year-oldscouldanswercorrectly.
ButDr.Aschaddedatwist.Sevenotherpeople,incahootswiththeresearchers,alsoexaminedthelinesandgavetheiranswersbeforethesubjectsdid.Andsometimestheseconfederatesintentionallygavethewronganswer.
Dr.Aschwasastonishedatwhathappenednext.Afterthinkinghard,threeoutoffoursubjectsagreedwiththeincorrectanswersgivenbytheconfederatesatleastonce.Andoneinfourconformed50percentofthetime.
Dr,Asch,whodiedin1996,alwayswonderedaboutthefindings.Didthepeoplewhogaveintogroupdosoknowingthattheiranswerswerewrong?Ordidthesocialpressureactuallychangetheirperceptions?
ThenewstudytriedtofindananswerbyusingfunctionalM.R.I.scannersthatcanpeerintotheworkingbrain,atechnologynotavailabletoDr.Asch.
AsinDr.Asch'sexperiments,manyofthesubjectscavedintogrouppressure.Onaverage,Dr.Bernssaid,theywentalongwiththegrouponwronganswers41percentofthetime.
"Weliketothinkthatseeingisbelieving,butthestudy'sfindingsshowthatseeingisbelievingwhatthegrouptellsyoutobelieve."
Theimplicationsofthestudy'sfindingsarehuge,Dr.Bernssaid.
Inmanyareasofsociety—elections,forexample,orjurytrials—theacceptedwaytoresolveconflictsbetweenanindividualandagroupistoinvokethe"ruleofthemajority."Thereisasoundreasonforthis:Amajorityrepresentsthecollectivewisdomofmanypeople,ratherthanthejudgmentofasingleperson.
Butthesuperiorityofthegroupcandisappearwhenthegroupexertspressureonindividuals,Dr.Bernssaid.
Theunpleasantnessofstandingalonecanmakeamajorityopinionseemmoreappealingthanstickingtoone'sownbeliefs.
ThepurposeofDr.Betas'studyisto______.
A.testtheintelligenceofthesubjects
B.determinethepsychologicalhealthofthesubjects
C.improvebrain-scanningtechnology
D.findouthowthesubjectsdealwithgroup/socialpressure
51.
Whatdoestheauthormeanby"betteroff"inParagraph3?
A.richerB.wiserC.happierD.luckier
52.SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Twogroupsofscientistsdemonstratedlastweekforthefirsttimethatthebodylaunchesamassive,effectivecounter-attackonthevirussoonafterinfectionofHIVbegins.Ifdoctorscanfigureouthowtoreproducethatearly,powerfulimmuneresponse,theymightbeabletodevelopbettertreatmentsto(47)______stagesofthedisease.Theresearchersshouldbe(48)______—andmorethanabitofluck.Afterall,tostudysomeoneatthebeginningofarelatively(49)______phaseoftheHIVinfection,theyhadtofindpeoplewhodidnotyetrealizetheyhadcontractedthevirus.It(50)______thatatleastathirdofHIV-infectedpeopledevelopafeveroraseveresorethroatwithinafewweekstomonthsafterfirst(51)______.Suchsigns,whichusuallyclearupintheirown,caneasilybe(52)______asabadflu.InordertoidentifysevenyoungmensufferingfromaprimaryHIVinfection,theresearcherstookthisprojectby(53)______inhospitalemergencyroomsandtalkingtocolleagues.
Usingadvancedlaboratoryteststhathadbeendevelopedonlyinthepastfewyears,bothsetsofscientistsdiscoveredan(54)______growthofvirusinthemen'sbloodstreams.Eachliterofthemen'sbloodcontainedasmanyas10millioninfectiousviruses.
Withindaysafterthevirusburst,theresearchersmeasuredarapidincreaseinthebloodstreamofthenumberofanti-HIVantibodies(抗体).TheseY-shapedbitsofproteinsoughtoutthevirusandtargeteditfor(55)______.Oncetheantibodyattackreachedfullscaleintheseventestsubjects,thelevelofHIVinthebloodstreamdropped(56)______.Inthemajorityofcases,theresearcherscoulddetectlittleornovirustwotothreeweekslater.Inotherwords,thenormalimmunesystemcanshutdowntheAIDSvirus.Nowresearchersmustfigureoutexactlyhowthebodyputst
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