2023年考研英语排序题原文出处 答案一目了然

第第页2023年考研英语排序题原文出处答案一目了然"ElectronicMorphine"GamblinghasbeenacommonfeatureofAmericanlifeforever,butforalongtimeitwasbroadlyconsideredasin.Nowitisasocialpolicy.NEWSWEEKNov.25issue

OnthenorthbankoftheOhioRiversitsEvansville,Ind.,homeofDavidWilliams,52,andofariverboatcasino.Duringseveralyearsofgamblinginthatcasino,Williams,astateauditorearning$35,000ayear,lostapproximately$175,000.Hehadnevergambledbeforethecasinosenthimacouponfor$20worthofgambling.(PHOTOofGeorgeF.Will)

Hevisitedthecasino,lostthe$20andleft.Onhissecondvisithelost$800.Thecasinoissuedtohim,asagoodcustomer,aFunCard,whichwhenusedinthecasinoearnspointsformealsanddrinks,andenablesthecasinototracktheuser'sgamblingactivities.ForWilliams,thoseactivitiesbecamewhathecallselectronicmorphine.Bythetimehehadlost$5,000hesaidtohimselfthatifhecouldgetbacktoeven,hewouldquit.Onenighthewon$5,500,buthedidnotquit.

In1997helost$21,000tooneslotmachineintwodays.InMarch1997helost$72,186.Hesometimesplayedtwoslotmachinesatatime,allnight,untiltheboatdockedat5a.m.,thenwentbackaboardwhenthecasinoopenedat9a.m.Nowheissuingthecasino,chargingthatitshouldhaverefusedhispatronagebecauseitknewhewasaddicted.Itdidknowhehadaproblem.

InMarch1998afriendofWilliams'sgothiminvoluntarilyconfinedtoatreatmentcenterforaddictions,andwrotetoinformthecasinoofWilliams'sgamblingproblem.ThecasinoincludedaphotoofWilliamsamongthoseofbannedgamblers,andwrotetohimaceaseadmissionsletter.Notingthemedical/psychologicalnatureofproblemgamblingbehavior,thelettersaidthatbeforebeingreadmittedtothecasinohewouldhavetopresentmedical/psychologicalinformationdemonstratingthatpatronizingthecasinowouldposenothreattohissafetyorwell-being.Althoughnosuchevidencewaspresented,thecasino'smarketingdepartmentcontinuedtopepperhimwithmailings.AndheenteredthecasinoandusedhisFunCardwithoutbeingdetected.T

heWallStreetJournalreportsthatthecasinohas24signswarning:Enjoythefun...andalwaysbetwithyourhead,notoverit.Everyentranceticketlistsatoll-freenumberforcounselingfromtheIndianaDepartmentofMentalHealth.Nevertheless,Williams'ssuitchargesthatthecasino,knowinghewashelplesslyaddictedtogambling,intentionallyworkedtolurehimtoengageinconductagainsthiswill.Itisunclearwhatluringwasrequired,givenhiscompulsivebehavior.Andinwhatsensewashiswilloperative?

ThefourtheditionoftheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders(DSM-IV)says/pathologicalgamblinginvolvespersistent,recurringanduncontrollablepursuitlessofmoneythanoftheeuphoricstateoftakingrisksinquestofawindfall.Pathologicalgamblersoftenexhibitdistortedthinking(denial,superstition,overconfidence).Theylietofriendsandfamilytoconcealtheirbehavior,resorttotheftorfraudtofinanceit,andsuccumbtochasing”evermoreriskyandhigh-stakesgamblinginattemptstorecouplosses.Itisworrisomethatsocietyismedicalizingmoreandmorebehavioralproblems,oftendefiningasaddictionswhatearlier,sternergenerationsexplainedasweaknessofwill.

Proddedbyscience,orwhatpurportstobescience,societyisreclassifyingwhatoncewereconsideredcharacterflawsormoralfailingsaspersonalitydisordersakintophysicaldisabilities.However,atleastseveralmillionAmericansdohaveadispositionmentaldisorder?acompulsivedisease”thatseemstomakethemasunabletogambleresponsiblyasanalcoholicisunabletodrinkresponsibly.Thisisasmallportionofthenation'spopulationbutalargepoolofmiseryforthemselvesandlovedones.GamblinghasbeenacommonfeatureofAmericanlifeforever,butforalongtimeitwasbroadlyconsideredasin,orasocialdisease.Nowitisasocialpolicy:themostimportantandaggressivepromoterofgamblinginAmericaisgovernment.

Forty-fourstateshavelotteries,29havecasinos,andmostofthesestatesaretovaryingdegreesdependentonyoumightsayaddictedtorevenuesfromwagering.AndsincethefirstInternetgamblingsitewascreatedin1995,competitionforgamblers'dollarshasbecomeintense.TheOct.28issueofNEWSWEEKreportedthat2milliongamblerspatronize1,800virtualcasinoseveryweek.With$3.5billionbeinglostonInternetwagersthisyear,gamblinghaspassedpornographyastheWeb'smostlucrativebusiness.Theanonymous,lonely,undistractednatureofonlinegamblingisespeciallyconducivetocompulsivebehavior.ButevenifgovernmentknewhowtomoveagainstInternetgambling,whatwouldbeitsrationalefordoingso?Governmentcurbsonpriva