2019高考英语一轮基础练Unit4Cyberspace(含解析)北师大版必修2

Unit4Cyberspace李仕才Ⅰ阅读理解AOnChristmasEve,1944,mygrandmotherurgedmyuncle,then12yearsold,toslipoutoftheconcentrationcampwheretheywereimprisonednear15mileseastofViennatogotoDeutsch-Wagram.“PeoplearecharitablearoundChristmastime,”GrandmaLilisaidtoherson,Gyuri.“Askforsomefood.Anythingtheycanspare.Tellthemthatwe’reontheedgeofstarvation.Tellthemthatyour3-year-oldsistercannotgetoffthebedbecauseshe’soutgrownhershoes.”Inthedarkofthatnight,GyurisecretlyleftthecampandwalkednearlyfourmilestoDeutsch-Wagram,theclosesttown.Hehappeneduponahouseandknockedonthefrontdoor.Awomanopenedthatdoor.Shewasprobablyalone,hermanfaraway,fightinginthewar,herchildrenasleepintheirbeds.The12-year-oldpiecedtogetherinGermanexactlywhathismotherhadtoldhimtosay.“Comebacktomorrow,"whisperedthewoman.Thenextday,myunclereturned.Thewomanopenedthedoorwithasmile.Shepiledhishandswithbread,clothing,apairofshoesthatherchildhadoutgrownandapairofsocks.Thewomanhadknittedwarmsocksformymother.Afterputtingonthesocksandshoesthatfit,mymothergotoffthebedindelight.Herraggedshoeswerepassedontoayoungerchildwhowasalsolivinginthecamp.Theysharedtheirunexpectedharvestwiththeentirecamp.ItwasaquietcelebrationofhumankindnessaroundChristmastime.InApril1945,mymother,uncleandgrandmotherwereliberated.Anditwasthoseverysocksandshoesthatmymotherworeasshewalkedsome28milesovertwodaystoBratislavaonherwalktoanewlife.Totheunknowngiver,Ithankyou.Inthedesperationofacoldandsnowyland,whenmanyheartswereclosedanddeathwasmorelikelythanlife,especiallyforJews,yougavethemhopeandcomfort.1.WhatdidGyurimanagetodoonChristmasEve?A.Getpermittedtogoout.B.Receivefoodandclothing.C.Expresswhathisfamilyneeded.D.CelebrateChristmasinthecamp2.Whydoestheauthormentionshoessomanytimes?A.Toprovethetruthofthestory.B.Tohelpthedevelopmentofthestory.C.Toattractreaders’attentiontothestory.D.Tomakeclearthebackgroundofthestory.3.Whatfeelingdidtheauthorwritethetextwith?A.DesperationB.Gratefulness.C.ExcitementD.Sorrow.4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.LightindarknessB.PeacetocommonpeopleC.CourageinfaceofdangerD.TheinfluenceofChristmas【文章粗心】本文是一篇记述文。作者叙述了1944年圣诞前夜，奶奶一家在集中营里日子困难，逼不得已12岁的叔叔奥密走出集中营去邻近的乡村求援，一位和善的女士赐予了他们一家一些物质上的帮助。这位好意人的善举给了过着暗无天日的日子的奶奶一家不单是物质上的帮助还有对将来的希望，最后一家人坚持到光明的到来。1.C【分析】细节理解题。依据第二段最后一句The12-year-oldpiecedtogetherinGermanexactlywhathismotherhadtoldhimtosay.并联合第一段的内容可推测，Gyuri努力用德语拼出了他母亲告诉他说的话，表达了他的家人的需要。应选C。3.B【分析】推理判断题。依据最后一段首句Totheunknowngiver,Ithankyou.和“yougavethemhopeandcomfort”并联合全文内容可推测，故事叙述好意人对作者的奶娘一家大方互助，所以推测作者对这位好意人充满感谢之情，故作者叙述这个故事时带着感恩的心态。应选B。4.A【分析】要旨粗心题。纵观全文特别是文章最后一段可知，在积雪覆盖的严寒的冬季，人们关闭自己，死亡比活下去更简单的状况下，这位和善的人不单赐予了奶奶一家物质上的帮助，并且给了他们希望和安慰。就像黑暗中的亮光鼓舞他们走向新的生活。所以推测这2篇文章颂扬了黑暗中人性光明的一面。应选A。B(2017·河北石家庄高三一模)Forvisitors，TellerLakeinColoradolookslikeafishbowlfilledwiththousandsofgorgeousgoldfish.However,totheColoradoParksandWildlifeDepartmenttheyareagroupofdangerousspeciesthatcouldendupdestroyingthelake’secosystem.Theproblemisthatthesefisharen’tnativetothelakewhichmeanstheyhavenopredators(捕食者)．Thisallowsthemtomultiplyinlargenumbers.Theofficialsbelievethatmostofthemarearesultofafewunwantedpetgoldfishthatwerethrownintothelake.Whilethatmayappeartobeakindthingtodo,itisextremelydangerous,nottomentionillegal.That’sbecauseasthenon-nativespeciesgrowinnumbers，theycompetewiththeexistingfishforfoodsourceslikesmallinsects.Giventhatthereisonlyalimitedsupplyofresources，thiscouldresultinthegoldfishoverpoweringthenativefishspecies.InthecaseofTellerLake,theofficialsareparticularlyworriedthatthegoldfishwillmovedownstreamandaffectthepopulationofsomeoftheendangerednativespeciesthatlivethere.Anothermajorcauseforconcernisthediseasesthegoldfishmaybecarrying.TheColoradoParksandWildlifebiologists，therefore,havenooptionbuttoremovethefishfromthelakeinthemostefficientmanner.Thefishwillthenbefedtoinjuredbirdslikeeaglesandospreys.Expertssaythatmostownersbelievetheyaredoingthe“rightthing”byreturningtheirpettothewilderness.However,savingonepetoftenresultsindestroyingthearea’secosystemandhurtingotheranimals.Accordingtoexperts，thebestwaytodispose_ofunwantedfishoranyotheranimalistogetadvicefromthepeoplethatsoldthepet.【解题导语】金鱼是一种常有的宠物，为很多人所喜欢。但是近期美国科罗拉多州的特勒湖却被数千条金鱼占有。1．WhydidthedangerousgoldfishappearinTellerLake?A．Theywerebornintothelake.B．Theywerethrownbytheofficials.C．Theywereabandonedbytheirowners.D．Theywerebroughtinbysomebiologists.3分析：细节理解题。依照第二段的最后一句可知，科罗拉多州公园与野生动物保护管理处的官员以为，这几千条金鱼是由被主人扔在湖中的宠物金鱼生殖而得来的，由此可知这些鱼是被主人扔掉的，应选C项。2．Howisthelake’secosystemlikelytobeinfluencedbythegoldfish?A．Newdiseasesmaybebroughtin.B．Nativefishmaybeeatenbythem.C．Thelakewatermaybepolluted.D．Foodsourcesmayincrease.分析：细节理解题。依照第三段的最后一句可知，另一个令人担忧的问题是这些金鱼有可能携带疾病。应选A项。3．Whatwillhappentothegoldfishafterthey’recaught?A．They’llbekilledatonce.B．They’llbecomefoodforbirds.C．They’llbesetfreedownstream.D．They’llberaisedinthefishbowl.B分析：细节理解题。依照第四段的最后一句可知，这些金鱼会被喂给受伤的鸟。4．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“disposeof”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Attendto.B．Takeover.C．Getridof.D．Holdonto.分析：词义猜想题。由上文可知，专家在商讨消除湖中金鱼最有效的方法，所以“disposeof”在本句中是“办理，消除”的意思，应选C项。CTheBritisharesupposedtobefamousforlaughingatthemselves,buteventheirsenseofhumorhasalimit,astheBritishretailerGeraldRatnerfoundouttohiscost.WhenRatnertookoverhisfather’schainof140jewelryshopsin1984,heintroducedaveryclearcompanypolicy.Hedecidedthathisshopsshouldselldownmarketproductsatthelowestpossibleprices.Itwasagreatsuccess.TheBritishpubliclovedhischeapgoldearringsandhistastelesssilverdecorations.By1991,Ratner’scompanyhad2,400shopsanditwasworthover680millionpounds.ButinAprilofthatyear,GeraldRatnermadeabigmistake.AtabitmeetingoftopBritish4businesspeople,hesuitedupandexplainedthesecretofhissuccess—Peoplesay“Howcanwesellourgoodsforsuchalowprice?”.Hesay“Becausetheyareabsoluterubbish.”Hisaudienceburstoutlaughing.ButtheBritishnewspapersandtheBritishpublicwerenotsoamused.PeoplefeltinsultedandstayedawayfromRatner’sshops.Salesfellandsixmonthsafterhisspeech,Ratner’ssharepricehadfallenby42%.Thefollowingyear,thingsgotworseandGeraldRatnerwasforcedtoresign.Bytheendof1992,helosthiscompany,hiscareerandhishouse.Evenworse,25,000ofhisemployeeshadlosttheirjobs.Ithadbeenaveryexpensivejoke.1.WhataretheBritishnotedforaccordingtothepassage?A.Theirjewelryshops.B.Theirloveforjewelry.C.Theirjokesaboutthemselves.D.Theirharmlesshumor.2.HowdidRatnerachievesuccessinhisbusiness?A.Hecutdownhislaborcost.B.Headoptedaneffectivebusinessmodel.C.Heemployedalotofnewstaff.D.HedevelopedgreatrelationswithbusinessVIPs.3.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“insulted”?A.Offended.B.Amazed.C.Abused.D.Attracted.4.WhatdoesthestoryofGeraldRatnersuggest?A.Actionspeakslouderthanwords.B.Whatgoesaroundcomesaround.C.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.D.Amanmaydighisgravewithhisteeth.【文章粗心】本文为记述文。叙述的是英国零售商GeraldRatner因为自嘲时说错话而导致失败的故事。2.B【分析】推理判断题。依据第二段第一句话中的“heintroducedaveryclearcompany5policy.”和第二句话Hedecidedthathisshopsshouldselldownmarketproductsatthelowestpossibleprices.可知他采纳了一种有效的商业模式——以最廉价销售产品，应选B。3.A【分析】词义猜想题。依据第二段最后两句话可知人们感觉遇到了欺侮冲犯，都不去他的商铺了，由此可知该词与offended一致，应选A。D(2017·安徽六校高三素质测试)TheAfricanelephant,thelargestlandanimalremainingonearth,isofgreatimportancetoAfricanecosystem.Unlikeotheranimals,theAfricanelephantistoagreatextentthebuilderofitsenvironment.Asabigplant-eater,itlargelyshapestheforest-and-savanna(大草原)surroundingsinwhichitlives,thereforesetting_the_termsofexistenceformillionsofotheranimalsthatliveinitshabitat.Itistheelephant’sgreatdesireforfoodthatmakesitadisturberoftheenvironmentandanimportantbuilderofitshabitat.Initscontinuoussearchforthe300poundsofplantsitmusthaveeveryday,itkillssmalltreesandunder-bushes,andpullsbranchesoffbigtrees.ThisresultsinnumerousopenspacesinbothdeeptropicalforestsandinthewoodlandsthatcoverpartoftheAfricansavannas.Intheseopenspacesarenumerousplantsinvariousstagesofgrowththatattractavarietyofotherplant-eaters.Taketherainforestsforexample.Intheirnaturalstate,thespreadingbranchesoverheadshutoutsunlightandpreventthegrowthofplantsontheforestfloor.Bypullingdowntreesandeatingplants,elephantsmakeopenspaces,allowingnewplantstogrowontheforestfloor.Insuchsituationstheforestsbecomesuitableforlargehoofedplant-eaterstomovearoundandforsmallplant-eaterstogettheirfoodaswell.WhatworriesscientistsnowisthattheAfricanelephanthasbecomeanendangered6species.Iftheelephantdisappears,scientistssay,manyotheranimalswillalsodisappearfromvastareasofforestandsavanna,greatlychangingandworseningthewholeecosystem.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。非洲象对非洲丛林和大草原的生态系统十分重要，它们的觅食对生态环境有很大影响。此刻，令科学家们担忧的是，非洲象正濒临灭绝，这也就意味着整个非洲的生态系统正在遭到威迫。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“settingtheterms”mostprobablymean?A．Improvingthequality.B．Worseningthestate.C．Fixingthetime.D．Decidingtheconditions.D分析：词义猜想题。依据第一段内容可知，非洲象对非洲的生态系统十分重要，它们在很大程度上是生态环境的创建者，它们塑造了非洲的丛林和大草原的环境。由此可推断出，非洲象决定了在它们的栖息地上生活的其余动物的生计条件。所以，“settingtheterms”的意思应为“决定了条件”。应选D。2．Thepassageisdevelopedmainlyby________．A．showingtheeffectandthenexplainingthecausesB．givingexamplesC．pointingoutsimilaritiesanddifferencesD．describingthechangesintimeorderA分析：写作手法题。依据文章内容可知，第一段内容主要介绍了非洲象对整个非洲生态环境的重要影响，接下来的三段话主要解说了为何它们会有这么大的影响。所以全文应是依照先给出结果、再说明原由的方式睁开的。应选A。3．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．ForestsandsavannasashabitatsforAfricanelephants.B．TheeatinghabitofAfricanelephants.C．DisappearanceofAfricanelephants.D．TheeffectofAfricanelephants’searchforfood.D分析：要旨粗心题。依据文章内容可判断出，本文主要叙述了非洲象对非洲丛林和大草原的生态系统的重要性，它们的觅食对生态环境有很大影响。应选D。4．Whatdoweknowabouttheopenspacesinthepassage?A．Theyarehometomanyendangeredanimals.B．Theyresultfromthedestructionofrainforests.C．Theyareattractivetoplant-eatinganimalsofdifferentkinds.7D．TheyprovidefoodmainlyforAfricanelephants.C分析：细节理解题。依据第二段最后一句Intheseopenspacesarenumerousplantsinvariousstagesofgrowththatattractavarietyofotherplant-eaters.可知，那些宽阔的地方对各样食草动物很具吸引力。应选C。Ⅱ七选五(2017·临沂市模拟)TheDosandDon’tsofLearningaNewLanguagePeopledecidetolearnanotherlanguageformanydifferentreasons.SomelearnanotherlanguagebecausetheywouldliketoliveinanotherSomepeoplehavetostudyalanguageatschoolandothersmightdecidetolearnalanguagejustforfun!I’vebeenlearningFrenchforjustovertwoyears.IdecidedtolearnitbecauseIwantedtolearnsomethingnewandIloveFrenchculture.LearningFrenchhasbeenafunandexcitingjourneybutit’salsobeenchallenging.I’velearntalotaboutthechallengeswhilelearninganewlanguageandhaveputtogethersome“dos”and“don’ts”tohelpotherlanguagelearners.2.________Learninganewlanguagecanbeahardprocessthatrequiresalotofmotivation.Trydifferentactivitiestomakeyourlanguagelearningmoreenjoyable.WhynottrywatchingyourfavouriteTVseriesinthatlanguageorlisteningtomusicinthatlanguage?Dowritedownyourmistakes3．________IliketowritethemistakesthatImakeinasmallpocketbook.Don’tsetunrealisticexpectationsIfyouhaverecentlystartedlearninganotherlanguage,itmaybeunrealistictoexpecttobefluentwithinacoupleofmonths.Beawarethatitcouldtakeawhile.4.________It’sverydifficulttohaveanativeaccent.Themostimportantthingisthatyou’reclearandpeoplecanunderstandyou.·Don’tbescared5．________Iworriedaboutmyaccent,pronunciation,grammaranddidn’tmakethemostofspeakingopportunities.Lookingback,itseemssillyandnowI’mmorethanhappytospeakFrench.Don’tbeafraidoroverthinkit,justbeconfidentandspeak.A．Beconfident8B．DoenjoyitC．Thesamethinggoesforaccents.D．Othersdecidetolearnalanguagebecauseoftheirjob.E．Iwasn’tconfidentwhenIfirststartedspeakingFrench.F．Takeyourtimeandcelebratetheprogressthatyou’vemadesofar.G．Apersoncorrectingyouisagoodthinganditwillhelpyouimprove.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者经过自己的语言学习的经历，叙述了语言学习过程中需要注意的有关事项。1．D分析：上文提到一些人学其余语言是因为想在那个国家居住；下文提到一些人不得不在学校学习其余语言，而有些人则是为了风趣。故空格处也是学习其余语言的原由。D项“其余人决定学一门语言是因为他们的工作”可以联系上下文，切合语境。应选D。2．B分析：依据本段内容可知，学习语言需要踊跃性，试试不一样的活动让语言学习成为一种享受，比方看这类语言的电视剧或听这类语言的音乐。B项“必定享受它”可以归纳本段内容，合适作本段小标题。应选B。3．G分析：依据本段小标题“Dowritedownyourmistakes”可知，该段叙述的是要把你的错误写下来。G项“有人为你纠错是好事，它会帮助你提升”切合语境。应选G。4．C分析：依据空格后的“It’sverydifficulttohaveanativeaccent.”可知，要想达到地道的口音很难。C项“(学习一门语言都会碰到)同一个问题，就是口音问题”可以联系下文，切合语境。应选C。5．E分析：下文提到作者担忧自己的语音、语调等问题。由此可推知，E项“我刚开始讲法语时，很不自信”可以引出下文，切合语境。应选E。Ⅲ、七选五Areyouhavingtroubleconcentratingwhenyou'rereadingabookorlisteningtoalecture？Thislistofactivitiesmighthelptoimproveyourstudyhabits.Makealist.Weoftenhavetroublepayingattentiontoonethingbecauseourbrainwantstothinkaboutsomethingelse.1Youdon'tworryaboutwhateverelseyoushould