高中英语状语从句版

v1.0可编写可更正状语从句用法详解在主从复合句中修饰主句的动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫状语从句。一时间状语从句：起时间状语作用的从句。when,while,as,after,before,until/till,since,assoonas,immediately,themoment,everytime,whenever等。1.when,while,aswhen“当......的时候”，表示主从句的谓语动作同时发生或先后紧接着发生。IwasveryhappywhenIheardfromyou.Whenyoudealwiththem,youshouldbecautious.WhenIwasyoung,Iwenttotownmyself.（连续性动词）Whenthefirebrokeout,allthestudentsweresleepingsoundly.（非连续性动词）Asayoungman（=Whenhewasayoungman）,hewasfondofhunting.2）while引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词必定是连续性动词或表示状态的动词，侧重主句动作和从句动作相比较。MyfatherwaspreparingareportwhileIwasplayinggames.Pleasedon'ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.while意为“诚然,尽管”,还能够引导退步状语从句.Whileitwaslate,hewentonworking.（诚然很晚了,但他还在连续工作.）Whileheisinpoorhealth,heworkshard.（诚然他身体不好,但他还是努力工作.）4）连接两个并列句子,表示“比较”关系.比方：Hewentoutforawalk,whileIstayedathome.他出去闲步了,而我却呆在家里.）Ilikesingingwhileshelikesdancing.（我喜欢唱歌,而她喜欢跳舞.）Youlikesports,whileIprefermusic.5）as表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时发生，可译为“一边......，一边......”或“随着......”。Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.11v1.0可编写可更正Astimegoeson,it'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.注意：若是主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用连续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，when,while与as可互换。When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.2.till,until和not...until1）until/till必定句：主句的谓语动词必定是连续性动词，主句、从句都为必定式，意为“某动作素来连续到某时间点才停止”。Heremainedthereuntil/tillshearrived.Youmaystayhereuntil/tilltherainstops.2）否定句：主句的谓语动词必定是非连续性动词，从句为必定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。构成not...until/till，意为“直到......才”。Shedidn'tgotobeduntilIcomeback.Don'tworry.Wewon'tsetoffuntilyouarrive.3）till不可以够置于句首，而until能够。Untilyoutoldmethenews,Ihadnoideaofit.4）not...until句型中的重申解倒装用法。重申句型：ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.倒装句型：NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.（notuntil置于句首，主句要用部分倒装结构）Notuntiltheclockstruck12didsherealizeshemustgohomeatonce.3.before1）before“没有来得及......就”“未......就”“......就......”Someonecalledmeupinthenight,buttheyhungupbeforeIcouldanswerthephone.Theyhadtalkedonlyafewminutesbeforetheyfoundtheywerequitedifferentinopinion.2）before作“......才......”Thebusdriveralmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.Thefirelastedaboutfourhoursbeforethefirefighterswereableto22v1.0可编写可更正controlit.3）before可译为“趁”“省得”“以防”等。I'lldoitbeforeIforgotit.趁还没有忘，我现在就把这事做了。We'dbetterfinishtheworkintimebeforethebossscoldsus.4）before可译为“（情愿......而）不愿”。He'ddiebeforeheapologizestothem.他宁死也不向他们道歉。I'dgiveuptheplanbeforeIturntohimforhelp.注意：“It+be+一段时间+before从句”中的主句和从句的时态有两种情况：若是主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时，意为“多长时间今后某事立刻发生”；Itwon'tbelongbeforewemeetagain.不久我们就会再见的。若是主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为“多长时间今后某事才发生”。Itwas3yearsbeforehecamebackfromabroad.三年后他才从外国回来。since译为“自从......”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。Hehasstudiedveryhardsincehecametoourschool.Ihaven'theardanynoisesinceIslept.HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIwasill.assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,theinstant,nosooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...和once（一......就）这些隶属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译作“一......就......”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。ThemomentIheardthevoice,Iknewfatherwascoming.Nosoonerhadwearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.Theboyburstintotearsimmediatelyhesawhismother.注意：nosooner...than;hardly...when...时态搭配：nosooner与hardly引导的句子的谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子的谓语动词应用一般过去时。当把nosooner和hardly提到句首时，应用倒装语序。Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.33v1.0可编写可更正HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.6.everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,anytime,allthetime等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当......；每次......；下......”等。Every/EachtimeIwasintrouble,hewouldcometohelpmeout.Nexttimeyoucome,doremembertobringyoursonhere.ThelasttimeshesawJames,hewaslyinginbed.IthinkofthethingsandthepeoplewhenwestudiedthereeverytimeIgobymymotherschool.二地点状语从句：在句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句，可置于句首、句中或句尾。引导词有where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere等。Makemarkswhereyouhavequestions.Youcangoanywhereyoulike.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.注意：地点状语从句与定语从句的差异where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的词作先行词；而状语从句前则无需用先行词。Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.Gobacktothevillagewhereyoucamefrom.You'dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.（状语从句You'dbettermakeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestions.（定语从句）三退步状语从句引导退步状语从句的连词有although,though,as,evenif,eventhough,while,whether...or...,whether(...)ornot,whatever,nomatterwhat/how/why等。1.though/although引导的退步状语从句1）although和though意义相同，都意为“诚然，即使”，表示退步，可互换使用，差异在于although语气较重，大多置于句首。44v1.0可编写可更正2）though/although引导退步状语从句时，主句若用yet或still引出，更加强调比较性，但不可以出现but。3）though引导的从句能够把表语、状语、动词等提至句首。asthough,eventhough中一般不可以用although代替。同时although不可以当副词用，而though则可。Althoughit'sraining,theyarestillworkinginthefield.Shortthoughitis,thearticleisveryimportant.注意：though还可用作副词，意为“可是，可是”，置于句末。Hesaidhewouldcome;hedidn't,though.他说他会来，可是没有来。2.eventhough/evenif引导的退步状语从句Eventhoughheispoor,sheloveshim.(=Heispoor,yetsheloveshim.)Evenifheispoor,sheloveshim.(=Hemaybepoor,yetsheloveshim.)as引导的退步状语从句,从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词需提前至从句句首，作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需要省去。Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.Thoughhewasachild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.Muchas/thoughIlikeit,Iwon'tbuyit,forit'stooexpensive.Tryas/thoughyoumay,youwillneversucceed.Tiredas/thoughhewas,hecontinuedtowork.4.whether..or/whether(...)ornot引导的退步状语从句You'llhavetoattendtheceremonywhetheryou'refreeorbusy.Whetheryoubelieveitornot,it'strue.5.while引导的退步状语从句表示“尽管”，比though/although语气弱。while引导的退步状语从句一般要位于句首。WhileIlikethecolor,Idon'tliketheshape.我诚然喜欢那颜色，但不喜欢那形状。WhileIunderstandwhatyousay,Ican'tagreewithyou.what-ever引导的退步状语从句,常可换成“nomatter+wh-词”，但在引导名词性从句时只好用wh-ever类词。55v1.0可编写可更正I'llwaitforyouhowever(nomatterhow)lateitis.Whoever(Nomatter)youare,youmustkeepthelaw.注意：“nomatter+疑问词”结构只好引导退步状语从句，而wh-ever类词还能够够引导名词性从句或其他状语从句。I'lleatwhateveryougiveme.（what引导宾语从句）Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.（whoever引导主语从句）四原因状语从句）because语气最强，用以回答why引起的提问，它还可用于重申结构。Shewasafraidtomovebecauseasnakewaslyingbesideher.WhydidtheyfailItwasbecausetheydidn'tdotheirbest.2）as语气弱，较口语化，as从句多置于主句从前。Ashewasinahurry,helefthisbaghome.Asitwasapublicholiday,alltheshopswereshut.3）since的语气比较弱，常表示对方已知的事实，经常相当于汉语的“既然”。since从句多置于主句从前。SinceMondayisBob'sbirthday,let'sgivehimaparty.Sinceyouarefreetonight,whynotdropinandplaychesswithme注意：上述三个词为隶属连词，而for是一个并列连词。for有时可用来作附加说明，必定把其引起的句子放在某一句子此后。Weshouldbemorecareful,foritisalreadydark.nowthat主要用于口语，表示稍微的原因，that有时能够省略。Nowthatyouhavecome,youmayaswellstay.Nowthateverythingissettled,Ihavenoreasonhere.forthereasonthat的用法,that后是一个同位语从句，讲解说明reason的内容。IoftengototheconcertforthesimplereasonthatIlovemusic.ForthereasonthatIhaven'tworkedhard,I'llhavetocrambeforethecomingexaminations.由于平时不努力，考试前我只好临时抱佛脚。that后的从句behappythat,besurprisedthat等中的that从句有时也被认为是原因状语66v1.0可编写可更正从句。I'msorrythatIhaven'tdonesomuchasIshould.Wefeelproudthatourcountryisgettingstrongerandstronger.五方式状语从句as,asif/though等as引导方式状语从句。YoumustdotheexperimentasIdo.asif/though引导方式状语从句。1）asif/though引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或拥有很大可能性时，Sheclosedhereyesasifshewastired.2）若是从句所表示的情况不是事实，平时用虚假语气。Heactedasifnothinghadhappened.HespeaksEnglishasifhewereaforeiner.Itsoundsasifhecouldsolvetheproblem.Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasif/thoughtheyneverexisted.注意：asif/though也能够引导一个分词短语，不定式短语或无动词短语。Hestaredatmeasifseeingmeforthefirsttime.Heclearedhisthroatasiftosaysomething.Thewavesdashedontherocksasifinanger.六条件状语从句常用引导词有if,unless,as/solongas,once,incase,onconditionthat,supposing(that),providing(that),provided(that),given(that)等。在条件状语从句中，平时用一般现在时表示一般将来时，IwilldefinitelystudymedicineafterIfinishschool.在条件状语从句中,一般过去时表示过去将来时，Wearrivedattheairportbeforeitrained.现在完成时表示将来完成时。I’llwatchtvassoonasI’vefinishedmyhomework.if引导的条件状语从句Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.Ifyoufailintheexam,youwilllethimdown.77v1.0可编写可更正unless引导的条件状语从句,意为“除非，若不”。Youwillfailtoarrivethereintimeunlessyoustartearlier.Unlessitrains,thegamewillbeplayed.oncondition(that)引导的条件状语从句,“在......条件下”。Icantellyouthetruthonconditionthatyoupromisetokeepitasecret.Iwilldoitonconditionthatyouhelpme.supposing/proving/provided/given(that)能够用作连词，意为“若是,倘若”，引导条件从句表示一种假设条件。Supposing(that)itrains,shallwecontinuethesportsmeetingProviding/Supposing/Given/Provided(that)youpromisenottotellanyoneelse,I'lltellyouthedetails.incase引导的条件状语从句常放在主句前，表示“若是，若是”。Incasehecomes,tellhimtowaitawhile.Incaseanythingimportanthappens,pleasecallmeup.as/solongas引导的条件状语从句,意思是“只要”。Solongasyou'rehappy,itdoesn'tmatterwhatyoudo.As/Solongaswedon'tloseheart,we'llovercomeanydifficulty.once引导的条件状语从句，意为“一旦，一......就”，从句可置于主句前或后。Oncevirtueislost,allislost.一旦道德扔掉了，什么都扔掉了。Onceyoushowanyfear,thedogwillattackyou.七目的状语从句,常用来引导目的状语从句的有so,sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,incase(that),forthepurposethat,lest等。1.inorderthat,sothat引导的目的状语从句需要用神情动词，如may/might/will/would/shall/should/can/could等。Theycarvedthewordsonthestonesothat/inorderthatthefuturegenerationshould/mightrememberwhattheyhaddone.Inorderthatwemightseethesunrise,westartedforthepeakearly.sothat引导的从句只好置于主句此后，其中that有时能够省略。Weclimbedhighso(that)wemightgetabetterview.2.forfear(that),incase,lest引导的目的状语从句88v1.0可编写可更正Wehadameetingandtalkedthematterfacetoface,forfearthatthereshouldbeanymisunderstanding.我们开了一个当面的会议谈论这个问题，省得引起误会。incase表示以防（万一）发生某种情况。Lest意为“以防”。Takeanumbrellawithyouincase/lestitshouldrain.带着伞以防下雨。八结果状语从句1.that,so,sothat,so...that...,suchthat,such...that...等。Wemovedtothecountrysothatwewereawayfromthenoisyanddullcity.Hespokeatthetopofhisvoicesothatthestudentsatthebackheardhim.2.so...that...引导的结果状语从句so+形容词/副词+that从句Lisalefthomesohurriedlythatshelefthercellphonehome.so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+that从句Tomissokindaboythattheyallliketomakefriendswithhim.so+many/much/few/little+名词+that从句Thereissolittletimeleftthatwehavetospeedup.3.such...that...引导的结果状语从句such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+that从句Heissuchagoodteacherthatweallrespecthim.such+形容词+可数名词复数形式/不可以数名词+that从句Theseweresuchdifficultquestionsthatnoneofuscouldanswer.Wehadsuchterribleweatherthatwecouldn'tfinishtheworkontime.so...that...与such...that...的差异so是副词，其修饰的中心词是形容词、副词；such是形容词，其修饰的中心词是名词。Hespokesofastthatnooneunderstandhim.Theyaresuchfineteachersthatweallholdthemingreatrespect.99v1.0可编写可更正Jackissohonestaworkerthatweallbelievehim.=Jackissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim.为了重申形容词或副词，so/such...that...引导的结果状语从句，可把so/such部分置于句首，主句用倒装语序。Soexcitedwashethathecouldnotfallintosleep.Suchgoodnewsdidwegetthateveryonewasexcited.九比较状语从句常用as...as,notas/so...as...,than等连词引导。“the比较级...，the+比较级...”结构也可引导比较状语从句。同级比较常用“as...as...”结构。HespeaksEnglishaswellasyoudo.Hewokeupassuddenlyashehadfallenasleep.不相同级比较常用“notas/so...as...”结构。Hishandwritingisnotasgoodasyours(is).Hedoesn'tspeakEnglishaswellasyoudo.差级或最高等比较常用结构“...than...”。Hewasmoresuccessfulthanwehadexpected.Hecanearnnomoremoneythanyoucan.比较关系的状语从句常用结构为“the+比较级...，the+比较级...”。Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.Thesooneryouareback,thebetteritwillbe.注意：what/as也可引导对称或比较关系的状语从句。Foodistomenwhat/asoilistomachine.食品之于人，好像油之于机器。Enginesaretomachineswhat/asheartsaretoanimals.引擎对于机器而言就恰似心脏对动物相同。十状语从句中的省略在表示时间、地点、条件、方式、比较或退步等的状语从句中