介词加关系代词定语从句

“介词

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关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”型定语从句五大考点“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是英语语法中的难点和重点,近年来高考对这一语法结构的考查大有升温之势。在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如先行词是物，引导词用which；如先行词是人，则引导词用whom。如：ThisistheshipbywhichIwenttoShanghai.ThisisthestudentforwhomIboughtthebook.考点1简单介词+关系代词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom,指物时只能用which；介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定；或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。（1）根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词或介词搭配，构成动词短语。例如：Isthisthecarforwhichyoupaidahighprice?(payfor)Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.(turntosbforhelp)ThemanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnowisourEnglishteacher.(shakehandswithsb)（2）根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。例如：ThetwothingsaboutwhichKarlMarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidioms.(besureabout)TheteacherofwhomthestudentsinourclassarefondisMrWang,ourEnglishteacher.(befondof)（3）根据定语从句所修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的联系。当“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语时，可分别用when,where,why替换。例如：I”llneverforgetthedayonwhich(=when)Ijoinedthearmy.Thefactoryinwhich(=where)hisfatherworksisfarawayfrommyhometown.Idon”tknowthereasonforwhich(=why)hewaslate.（4）根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词不是由固定的动词短语构成的，这时，要根据句子所要表达的意思，选用不同的介词。例如：ThisisthepilotforwhomIboughtacamera.Thisisthepilotwithwhommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.Thisisthepilotbywhommysonwassaved.1.(2004全国卷)Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_______thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich解析：关系代词which指代thejourney,定语从句恢复为独立的句子是：Thesailingtimeofthejourneywas226days.故答案选A。2.(2004全国卷)TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.LINKWord.Document.8D:\\2\\temp\\介词加关系代词定语从句.docOLE_LINK1\a\rA.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich解析：本句主句部分应是TheEnglishplayattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.从句补全为独立的句子是:Mystudentsactedintheplay.故答案选C。3.(2004上海卷)Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_______theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom解析：先行词为someone,被关系代词whom代替在从句中作talkwith的宾语，介词with可以放在关系代词之前，identify...as...意为“把……当作……”，故答案选D。考点2复杂介词+关系代词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which,whom,whose。常用于该结构的复杂介词有：asaresultof,atthebackof,becauseof,bymeansof,forwantof,infrontof,incaseof,onaccountof等。例如：Wegottoahouseatthebackofwhichwasalargegarden.IsthereacertaintestbymeansofwhichtheNo.1willbedecided?考点3简单介词+关系代词+名词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which,whose。介词的选择取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句子的含义。高考考例：(1995上海)Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m._______timemanypeoplehavegonehome.A.whoseB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich解析：介词by表示时间的意思是“到那时为止”。这句话的意思是“在办公室里，我似乎直到下午5：30才有空，那时许多人都已经回家了”。故答案选D。考点4the+名词+of+关系代词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词只有which。该结构表示所有关系,口语中常用“whose+名词”代替。非正式文体中可以用“ofwhichthe+名词”。高考考例：(2000上海)RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_______wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose解析：答案选B。本题就是一个考查the+名词+of+关系代词结构的一个典型例子。这里thepriceofwhich指代thepriceofthevase,答案也可以是whoseprice。考点5表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词知识归纳：此时，指人的关系代词只能是whom,指物的关系代词只能是which。表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词all,both,none,neither,either,some,any,数词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数)；数词+名词；the+最高级/比较级，以及表示数目或数量的词语many,most,few,several,enough,halfa,aquarter。高考考例：1.(2004湖北卷)Therearetwobuildings,________standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich解析：答案为D。thelargerofwhich指代thelargerofthetwobuildings;B选项缺少一个连词。2.(2004辽宁卷)Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_______aresoldabroad.A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat10.Theproblem_______youarguedaboutyesterdayhasbeensolved.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.forwhich11.Myauntboughtmeabook,thename_______Ihaveforgotten..A.ofitB.whichC.whoseD.ofwhich12.OnthewayhomeImetmyfriendJohn,from_______homethethiefhadstolenacomputer.A.whomB.whichC.thatD.whose13.Ihatetheway_______youtalktoyourmother.A.bywhichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.which14.Atlastwefoundtheholeinthewall_______themousegotintothehouselastnight.A.inwhichB.whichC.throughwhichD.bywhich15.Therearethreegirlsintheroom,________isTom'ssister.A.thetallestofwhichB.thetallestofwhomC.tallestofthatD.tallestofwhich16.I'llneverforgettheday_______Iboughtmyownguitarwithmyownmoney.A.whereB.onwhichC.onwhenD.that17.Sheisjustthegirl,with_______mybrothercametovisitmelastmonth.A.whomB.herC.thatD.who18.Lastnightwesawtwomovies,_______wasinteresting.A.bothofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.bothofthem