小学生英语演讲稿(多篇范文)

小学生英语演讲稿goodmorningeveryone,todayismyturntothespeech.firstofall,iwouldliketosaythataquicktest,wehopethatthegoodpreparation,goodtestforall,istheonlywayhomeforagoodyear.myenglishisnothigh,iwishicouldwithinthenexttwoyearstolearnenglishwell.ihopeyouwillbeabletolearnenglishaftergraduationtohaveagoodfuture.finally,iwishthestudentsandteachersahappynewyear,furtherstudyandwork.well!ifinishedthespeech.thankyouforlistening。大家早上好，今天是轮到我讲话。首先，我要说的是，快速测试，我们希望很好的准备，良好的测试的所有，是唯一回家的路上有一个良好的一年。我的英语水平不高，我希望我能在未来两年内学好英语。我希望，你将能够学习英语毕业后有一个美好的未来。最后，我祝愿学生和教师的快乐新的一年里，进一步研究和工作。好!我完成了讲话。谢谢。第二篇：小学生英语演讲稿(精选)小学生英语演讲稿范文myfavouritesuperstarisjj,hehasalovelydimpleandhiseyesarealsoverylovely.nowletmetellyouthestoryaboutjj.heenterdethemusicindestryattheyearXX,beforethatyear,hewasonlyaboywhowrotesongsformanysuperstars,hissongswerelikedbymanypeoplebutnoonecarewhowasthewriter.hewasnolyhardtowritesongsbecausehelikemusic,hethoughtmusichasitsoal,ifyousingitbyheart,itwellbelived.ilikeasongofhim,it'snameiscriesinadistance,thesongtellsus,nothingissadifwebelivethehope.hehasmanydifficulty,buthissongsays,criesinadistance,can'tstopthetremble,i'mjustwaitingmyturn,hidingwillnever,savemeforever,thegunsgonnegetmeforsure.deargodipraywhywon'tyoubemyfriend,etomeandtakemyhand,likemamawouldsayeverythingwillbeok.nowheisnotratherashysingerandperformer,thelyricalsongsmakehimmature,andnowheisamanornotaboy.heisarealsuperstarwithmanyfans,theimprovemarkabigstepforwardconfident.小学生英语演讲稿范文iloveenglishmyhonorableteachers,mybelovedschoolmates.goodmorningeveryone，mayihaveyourattention，please?iamgladtobeabletogivealectureonthisclassroom.thisonce,iwanttotalkaboutenglish.mytopicofconversationisthatiloveenglish.aseveryoneknows,englishisveryimportanttoday.ithasbeenusedeverywhereintheworld.ithasbeethemostmonlanguageoninternetandforinternationaltrade.ifwecanspeakenglishwell,wewillhavemorechancetosucceed.becausemoreandmorepeoplehavetakennoticeofit,thenumberofthepeoplewh(本站推荐：)ogotolearnenglishhasincreasedatahighspeed.butformyself,ilearnenglishnotonlybecauseofitsimportanceanditsusefulness,butalsobecauseofmyloveforit.whenilearnenglish,icanfeeladifferentwayofthinkingwhichgivesmemoreroomtotouchtheworld.whenireadenglishnovels,icanfeelthepleasurefromthebookwhichisdifferentfromreadingthetranslation.whenispeakenglish,icanfeeltheconfidentfrommys.wheniwriteenglish,icanseethebeautywhichisnotthesameasourchinese...iloveenglish,itgivesmeacolorfuldream.ihopeicantravelaroundtheworldoneday.withmygoodenglish,icanmakefriendswithmanypeoplefromdifferentcontries.icanseemanyplacesofgreatintrests.idreamthaticangotolondon,becauseitisthebirthplaceofenglish.ialsowanttousemygoodenglishtointroduceourgreatplacestotheenglishspokenpeople,ihopethattheycanloveourcountrylikeus.iknow,romewasnotbuiltinaday.ibelievethataftercontinuoushardstudy,onedayicanspeakenglishverywell.ifyouwanttobeloved,youshouldlearntoloveandbelovable.soibelieveasiloveenglisheveryday,itwilllovemetoo.iamsurethatiwillrealizemydreamoneday!thankyou!小学生英语演讲稿范文ourschoolgoodmorning,mydearteachersandfriends!mynameislibingke,fromclassfourofive.today,iamveryhappytobehere.mytopicis“ourschool”.mydearfriends,weletoourschool!myschoolisverybeautiful!ithasabigplayground.wecanplayanddosomesportsthere.neartheplayground,thereisagarden.manytreesandflowersarethere.sotheairisverycleanandwecanhearbirdssinginginthetrees.itissowonderful.ourteachingbuildingsarearoundthegardenandlooklikeourteachers’armstoweleus.wecandrawpicturesintheartroomonthefirstfloorandreadstory-booksinthelibraryonthesecondfloor.myclassroomisonthethirdfloor.itiscleanandbright.weliketostudyinit.theputerroomisonthefifthfloor.wecansinganddanceinthemusicroomonthesixthfloor.whatalotoffun!wecanhavelunchinthecanteenneardefangteachingbuilding.inourschool,ourteachersworkhardandhelpuswithourlessons.westudyhardandlistentoteacherscarefully.afterclass,ourteachersplaywithusandwefeelveryhappy.ourschoolissoniceandourteachersaresokind.wealllovethem.dearfriends,doyoulikethem?that'sall.thanks!第三篇：小学生英语演讲稿为各位推荐一份小学生的英语演讲稿，请欣赏dearteacherandclassmates:iamverygladtomakeaspeechhereinthisclassagain!thistime,i\'dliketotalksomethingaboutenglish.iloveenglish.englishlanguageisnowusedeverywhereintheworld.ithasbeethemostmonlanguageoninternetandforinternationaltrade.learningenglishmakesmeconfidentandbringsmegreatpleasure.wheniwasseven,mymothersentmetoanenglishschool.atthere,iplayedgamesandsangenglishsongswithotherchildren.thenidiscoveredthebeautyofthelanguage,andbeganmycolorfuldreamintheenglishworld.everyday,ireadenglishfollowingthetapes.sometimes,iwatchenglishcartoons.ontheweekend,ioftengototheenglishcorner.bytalkingwithdifferentpeoplethere,ihavemademoreandmorefriendsaswellasimprovedmyoralenglish.ihopeicantravelaroundtheworldsomeday.iwanttogotoamericatovisitwashingtonmonument,becausethepresidentwashingtonismyidol.ofcourse,iwanttogotolondontoo,becauseenglandiswhereenglishlanguagedeveloped.ificanridemybikeincambridgeuniversity,iwillbeveryhappy.ihopeicanspeakenglishwitheveryoneintheworld.i\'llintroducechinatothem,suchasthegreatwall,theforbiddencityandanshan.iknow,romewasnotbuiltinaday.ibelievethataftercontinuoushardstudy,onedayicanspeakenglishverywell.ifyouwanttobeloved,youshouldlearntoloveandbelovable.soibelieveasiloveenglisheveryday,itwilllovemetoo.第四篇：小学生英语演讲稿大全英语演讲稿(1)goodmorning，ladiesandgentlemen.iamtracyfromguangzhouhuameiinternationalschool.iamashinygirl.myfamilylovemeandilovethentoo.doyouknowhowhelpathome?letmetellyouaboutthat.mymomworksveryhardeveryday.sheeshomeverylateintheevening.usuallymydadcooksforus.sometimesihelpmydadtowashthevegetables.sometimesisetthetable.ialwayswashthedisheswhenwefinisheating.afterifinishmyhomeworkioftenwatertheflowers.ialsolookaftermypetfish.ifeedthefishbeforeigotobed.ireallyenjoyhelpingmypartentsathome.doyouthinkianahelpfulgirl?ithinkso!thankyou!英语演讲稿(2)hello!mynameisxxx.i'mten.istudyinwzchildrenartsschool.i'minclassonegradefour.weletoourclassroomthisismyclassroom.thereisasignonthedoor.itsays:weletoourclassroom!therearemanydesks.thisismydesk.mynameisonit.thisismyteacher’sdesk.therearemanyinterestingthings.thereisafishbowlonthecabinet.hisnameisgoldy.hernameisswimmy.thereisalargeblackboardonthefrontwall.myteacherwritesourhomeworkonit.thereisabirthdaychartonthebackwall.myteacherputsournamesandbirthdaysonit.thereisaroundclockabovethedoor.ittellsuswhattimeitis.thereareourdrawingsonthesidewall.thisismine.thisisjenny’s.thereisareadingcouchinthecorner.thisismyfavoriteplace.英语演讲稿(3)hi,everyone!mynameisxxx.todaymytopicis:“iloveenglish”.englishisnowusedeverywhereintheworld,ithasbeethemostimportantlanguageoninternet.learningenglishmaksemeconfidentandbringsmegreatpleasure.wheniwaseight,myfathersentmetoanenglishschool.atthere,iplayedgamesandsangenglishsongwithotherchildren.thenidiscoveredthebeautyofthelanguage,andbeganmycolorfuldreamintheenglishworld.everyday,ireadenglishfollowingthetapes.sometimes,ilikewatchingenglishmoviesforchildren,suchasfindingnemo,harrypotterandsoon.thesemoviesnotonlyimprovedmyenglish,butalsogavemealotoffun.outlookenglishalsohelpmealotinmyenglishstudies,ihavebeenwatchingthisprogramfornearlytwoyears.ihopeicantravelaroundtheworldsomeday.iwanttogotoamerica,becauseamericaisoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.ialsowanttogotoengland,becauseenglishoriginatedinengland.iloveenglish,englishhasbeepartofmylife.doyoulikeenglish,myfriends?ifyoudo,ewithme.let’senjoythefunoflearningenglishbuiltinaday.”that’sall,thankyou!第五篇：小学生英语演讲稿欣赏以下是由好范文推荐的小学生英语演讲稿ialwaysfeeltiredaftereightclassesaday,somydreamschoolstartsat8:30a.m.andendsat3:30p.m.therearethreelessonsinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.wecanchooseourfavoritelessonstolearn.wecanspendmoretimedoingsomeoutsidereading.thestudentsdoafter-schoolactivitiesforoneandahalfhourseveryday.weneedn’tdoalotofhomework.weareallhappytostayatschool.besidesthat,mydreamschoollookslikeabiggarden.therearemanykindsofflowersaroundthemodernbuildings.sweetperfumesarediffusedallaround.ifiwanttohavearest,icanlieonthegrass,listentomusicbythelakeorlookoutattheflowersfromtheclassroomwindows.theteachersherearekindandhelpful.theyarenotonlyourteachersbutalsoourgoodfriends.thestudentsarepoliteandfriendly.weallknowhowtokeepourschoolcleanandtidy.thereisnolitteraroundthecus.ilovemydreamschool.wewillgrowuptobehappierthere.小学生英语演讲稿10句“干嘛呢？”“吃了吧？”这是著名的中国习语，见面问候。那么外国人呢？他们的习惯用语又是什么呢？我总结了下面十种习惯用语，都是简单又实用的：1)如果别人在你旁边罗嗦个没完，你感到厌烦了，说＂youaresoboring＂(你真烦！)。“shutup!”(闭嘴！)自然没错，可人家受得了吗？不如来一句“oh,eon.givemeabreak!”(帮帮忙，让我歇歇吧！)这地道幽默吧？2）要想说人“气色好”。“youlookfine!”当然不错，可如果你说“you’reinthepink!”就妙得多了，实际上，在口语中，表示颜色的词用起来非常形象生动。3）“他精力充沛”美国人说：“heisbouncy”而不说＂heisenergetic＂,牢记一些日常对话中的活句式是你一把必备的钥匙。如：久仰，"igetmindofyou"比”iheardalotaboutyou.”轻松得多。4）代问他人好当然能用＂pleaseremembermetoyoursister”或＂pleasegivemybestwishestoyourfather＂不过，若是很好的朋友，何不说，“pleasegivemylovetojim。”5）在中国可不能随便说“我想你”，然而，当和西方人分手时说“imwillmissyou”要比说“good-bye”或“seeyousoon”有趣得多，不妨一试。6）有人开会迟到了，你若对他说“youarelate”，听起来象是废话，若说“didyougetlost?”，则更能让他歉然，可别说成“getlost!”那可是让人滚蛋的意思。7）别人问你不愿公开的问题，切勿用“it’smysecret,don’tasksuchapersonalquestion”回答，一来显得你没有个性，二来也让对方尴尬。你可以说“iwouldrathernotsay”(还是别说了吧！)。8)有时候，你想说什么，可说是想不起来，你可以说“well…”、“letmesee”、“justamoment”或“it’sonthetipofmytongue”等，相比之下，最后一个句型是最地道的。9)交谈时，你可能会转换话题，不要只说“bytheway”实际上，“tochangethesubject”、“beforeiforget”、“whileiremember”、“mindyou”都是既地道有受欢迎的表达。10)遇到你不懂的问题时可别不懂装懂，“iknow”可能是中国人用得最多，而美国人最不能接受的一句话。当一美国教师向你解释某个问题时，你如果连说两遍“iknow”,我敢保证，他不会再跟你说什么了。用“igotit”就顺耳得多，要是不懂就说“i’mnotclearaboutit.”不过如果你会说“it’spastmyunderstanding”或“it’sbeyondme.”你的教师定会惊讶不已的。第二篇：10句常用的英语结尾句国家加入ｗｔｏ已经有一段时间了，外国企业在华投资也越来越多了。至于对求职者来说，中文求职信可能因为咱们是中国人，语言上没有多大问题。但是英文的的，尤其应届生英文求职信技巧要点似乎有点模糊了。这样一心想进外企的会很心急的问如何用英语写好求职信怎样写呀？一封好的求职信，内容一定要反映出你对应聘工作的态度和你自身的能力，结尾也不可马虎。英文求职信的写法也是一样的。下面是一些求职信结尾经常用到的十句话，看一看也许你会得到启发，写出自己风格的结尾来！1.iwouldappreciatetheprivilegeofaninterview.imaybereachedattheaddressgivenabove,orbytelephoneat32333416.2.iwouldbegladtohaveapersonalinterview,andcanprovidereferencesifneeded.3.thankyouforyourconsideration.4.iweletheopportunitytomeetwithyoutofurtherdiscussmyqualificationsandyourneeds.thankyouforyourtimeandconsideration.5.ihaveenclosedaresumeaswellasabriefsleofmywritingforyourreview.ilookforwardtomeetingwithyoutodiscussfurtherhowicouldcontributetoyourorganization.6.thankyouforyourattentiontothismatter.ilookforwardtospeakingwithyou.7.theenclosedresumedescribesmyqualificationsforthepositionadvertised.iwouldweletheopportunitytopersonallydiscussmyqualificationswithyouatyourconvenience.8.iwouldweletheopportunityforapersonalinterviewwithyouatyourconvenience.9.ifeelconfidentthatgiventheopportunity,icanmakeanimmediatecontributiontoanycorporation.iwouldappreciatetheopportunitytomeetwithyoutodiscussyourrequirements.iwillcallyourofficeonfriday,toscheduleanappointment.thankyouforyourconsideration.10.ilookforwardtospeakingwithyou.相关阅读：写英语求职信的关键是什么办公室文员英文简历模板第三篇：感恩父母英语10句countyourblessings1、itdoesn’tmatterwhomyfatherwas,itmatterswhoirememberhewas。——annesexton爸爸是什么样的人并不重要，重要的是在我心目中爸爸是什么样的人。2、amotherisnotapersontoleanonbutapersontomakeleaningun-necessary.——d.c,fisher母亲不是赖以依靠的人，而是使依靠成为不必要的人。3、alliam,orcanbe,iowetomyangelmother.——abrahamlincoln我之所有，我之所能，都归功于我天使般的母亲。4、weneverknowtheloveoftheparentsuntilwebeeparentsourselves.——henrywardbeecher不养儿不知父母恩5、thefamilyyoucamefromisn'tasimportantasthefamilyyouaregoingtohave.——d.herbertlawrence你将拥有的家庭比你出身的那个家庭重要。6、agoodmotherisworthahundredschoolmasters.——georgeherbert一位好母亲抵得上一百个教师。7、themostimportantthingafathercandoforhischildrenistolovetheirmother.——englishproverb一个父亲可以对孩子们所做的最重要的事情就是去爱孩子们的母亲。8、awisesonbringsjoytohisfather,butafoolishsonmothertoshame.——englishproverb智慧之子使父亲快乐,愚昧之子使母亲蒙羞.9、youthfades;lovedroops;theleavesoffriendshipfall.amother’ssecrethopeoutlivesthemall.——oliverwendellholmes青春会逝去；爱情会枯萎；友谊的绿叶也会凋零。而一个母亲内心的希望比它们都要长久10、godcouldnotbeeverywhereandthereforehemademothers.——jewishproverb上帝不能无处不在，因此他创造了母亲。第四篇：哀求情人的10句英语第1页共1页哀求情人的10句英语1．don’tleaveme,please.求你不要离开我。2．canwegiveitonemoretry?我们可不可以再试试看？3．ican’tlivewithoutyou.没有你我活不下去。4．ican’tstandlosingyou.我不能失去你。5．i’llchange,ipromise.我会改的，我保证。6．iwon’thurtyouanymore.我不会再伤害你了7．mylifewouldbemiserablewithoutyou.没有你我的生活会很凄惨的。8．pleasegivemeonemorechance.请再给我一次机会。9．don’tyouknowhowmuchiloveyou?难道你不晓得我有多爱你吗？10．iknowit’sallmyfault.i’llneverbreakyourheartagain.pleaseforgiveme.我知道都是我的错。我再也不会伤你的心。请原谅我。追女孩必背甜蜜芬芳的英文有感情，但不确定有爱情的说法：ihaveacrushonyou.我对你有点动心。icareaboutyoudeeply.我非常关心你。保守含蓄的说法：i'mfondofyou.我对你有好感。强烈的、戏剧化的说法：youlightupmylife.你照亮我的生命。ican'tlivewithoutyou.我没有你活不下去。youmeantheworldtome.你对我来说是最重要的。myheartbelongstoyou.我的心属于你。youtakemybreathaway.你让我忘记呼吸。还有那句连3岁的孩子也会的iloveyou第五篇：10句有关脸部英语描述搞笑篇许多人学了一辈子的英语可能都不知道自己身体所生产的一些「特产」要怎么讲.举个例子来说吧,你知不知道「鼻屎」「耳屎」的正确讲法呢?我想一定有不少人在纳闷,不就是"noseshit"和"earshit"吗?如果真是这样的话,我建议你还是赶快往下看吧.1.it’ssocold.icanevenseemybreath.天气好冷啊,我甚至可以看到我呼出来的空气.记得去年冬天时我陪一个美国小女生去参观校园,刚好那天天气特别地冷,(说真的要不是有美女相伴我才懒得踏出大门呢!)结果呢,她一出门就作了一个很可爱的动作,她呼出了一道白色的空气说,"wow,it’ssocold.icanevenseemybreath!"相信这种可爱动作有不少人一定也常作吧?所以大家要知道,breath不但指「呼吸」而言,在日常生活中还常常拿来指你呼出的空气.有时候像我们吃东西完不是会在嘴巴留下味道吗?这时候如果别人问你刚才吃了些什么东西?"whatdidyoueat?"你就可以张开嘴巴呼一口气说,"smellmybreath."(闻闻我的口气),让他自已去猜猜看.所以如果有人有口臭的话,你就可以用"yourbreathstinks"来形容.电影shrek的预告片里也有一句类似的台词,"youneedatictacbecauseyourbreathstinks."(你需要一颗tictac薄荷糖,因为你的口气很难闻)2.youjustspitonme.你刚喷口水在我身上.spit这个动词就是指吐口水或吐痰中那个「吐」的意思.例如你要写一个牌子说,「请勿随地吐痰」,就可以写道"nospittinghere."不过正常人会去吐别人口水或吐人家痰的人应该不多吧?所以一般spitonsomeone指的是在谈话时「喷」口水在别人身上.例如"couldyoustopspittingonme?"就是能不能请你别继续喷口水在我身上?不过有些人别的不会,就是特别会喷口水,对付这种人老美还有一句顺口溜,"sayit,don’tsprayit."(说出来,不要喷出来)是不是还挺溜的?3.you’redroolingalloverthetable.你的口水流的满桌都是.英文里的drool这个字不但能够当成名词「口水」,还能当作动词「流口水」解释.由drool而衍生出来的词组很多,例如有人流出来的口水把你写的字给涂掉了.这时候可以这么说,"you’redroolingoffmys."还有中文里如果我们很想要某样东西不是也会说「流口水」吗?英文里用法很类似,不过用的是drooloversomething这个词组.例如,"i’mdroolingoverthenewputer."就是说新的计算机出来了,让我看到都会流口水.口水的讲法还有许多种,像是saliva这个字也当「口水」解释,不过saliva是医学上的专有名词,也就相当于中文里的「唾液」.而water这个字则是可以广泛地解释为「口水」、「泪水」或「汗水」.(视上下文而定)例如你说,"mymouthiswatering."就是说我开始在流口水啦!所以有一个形容词mouth-watering就是指「垂涎三尺」或是「垂涎欲滴」.例如"thischeesecakeismouth-watering!"(这个吉士蛋榚真是令人垂涎欲滴)4.don’tpickyournoseinfrontofme.别在我面前挖鼻孔.有很多人都知道「我在流鼻水」的英文可以说"ihavearunningnose."但却不知道「挖鼻孔」的英文是什么,其实呢「挖鼻孔」就是pickone’snose.至于知道鼻屎叫booger的人可能就更少了.那鼻屎的好朋友「鼻涕」呢?英文里有许多种讲法,比较文雅的讲法是snivel或nasalmucus.(mucus原意是黏液,所以鼻子里的[nasal]黏液mucus自然就是鼻涕了).不过如果小朋友们才不会跟你什么nasalmucus呢,他们比较爱用不文雅的snot这个字.(snot的发音是不是听起来就比较粗俗?)例如有个讨厌鬼的鼻涕快滴下来了,你就可以跟他说,"hey,yoursnotisdrippingdown."有个跟booger蛮有趣的小故事讲给各位听.有次几个老美来我家玩一种猜字游戏,就是一个人说提示,其它的人猜.那一次猜的字里面就有booger.不过当时小笨霖还不认得booger是什么意思,所以我就问一个老美,他告诉我,"it’stheblackstuffinyournose;somechildrenplaywiththemoreveneatthem."(它就是你鼻子里黑色的东西,有些小孩子会玩它甚至会吃它),后来没多久那个老美肚子饿了,他问我,"doyouhavesomethingtoeat?"(有没有吃的东西啊?)结果我现学现卖,随口回了他一句,"ionlyhavebooger,wannaeat?"(我只有鼻屎啦,你要吃吗?)结果全场的人全都笑翻了.从此我再也没忘掉booger这个字.5.ifyouwanttosneeze,doitafterileave.如果你要打喷涕的话,等我走了再打吧.打喷涕的英文就是sneeze这个字,例如我自己最近花粉过敏,喷涕是一个接一个打,我就可以说,"ihaveaallergysoisneezeevery5minutes."(我因为过敏所以每五分钟就打一次喷涕),够可怜的吧!想想还是台湾好,至少没有可怕的花粉为患.顺道提醒大家一点,如果有美国人在你面前sneeze的话,要记得跟他们说,"blessyou.",如果是有人跟你说,"blessyou."你也别忘了要说一声"thankyou."这也算是一种礼貌啦!另外sneeze也有一个常用的词组,sneezeat,字面上是对什么东西打喷涕,也就是「不屑一顾」的意思.例如"youshouldn’tsneezeatyourboss."(你不该对你老板不屑一顾)那打完喷涕后要作什么?就是「擤鼻涕」啦.「擤鼻涕」在英文里的讲法叫「吹鼻子」,blowone’snose.例如你要去擤鼻涕,就可以说,"excuseme,ihavetoblowmynose."如果是要提醒别人该擤鼻涕了,则可以用客气一点的讲法,"pleasewipeyournose."(擦擦你的鼻子吧!)6.yourearsarefullofearwax.你的耳朵里全是耳屎.各位有看过jenniferlopez所主演的theweddingplanner(爱上新郎)这部电影吗?里面有一段他们在玩拼字游戏时还记得吗?他们拼的就是earwax这个字,也就是英文里「耳屎」的意思.所以美国人觉得「耳屎」其实是一种腊(wax),我还特别挖了一点earwax出来看看,真的不怎么像就是了.不过呢?后来又有读者告诉我,老美的耳屎是湿的,所以和我们东方人耳屎干干的不太一样,所以如此听来,老美会把耳屎叫earwax也就不足为奇了.上面讲到挖鼻孔是pickone’snose,那挖耳朵自然就是pickone’sear了?没错,老美管挖耳朵叫scratchone’sear或是pickone’sear所以平常我们挖耳朵用的小杓子就叫earpick,只不过老美他们挖耳朵都是用棉花棒(cottonswab或作