高中英语名词讲解及练习

(word完满版)高中英语名词讲解及练习(word完满版)高中英语名词讲解及练习(word完满版)高中英语名词讲解及练习名词一、名的分出名主若是指人名、地名或某人或事物的名称，如Beijing，China等。一般名是一人或西或是一个抽象见解的名，如：book，sadness等。出名抽象名不能数名词物质名词一般名集体名词个体名词可数名词个体名和集体名能够用数目来算，称可数名（CountableNouns），物名和抽象名一般无法用数目算，称不能数名（UncountableNouns）。ProperNouns：指人名、地名及某些人和事物有的名称Eg:Diana;Beijing;Americans;English;May;NewYear’sDay注意：出名的第一个字母要大写CommonNouns：一人或西或是一个抽象见解的名IndividualNouns:指作个体而存在的人或西能够指详细的人或物。Eg:aunts;apanda;apartments也可指抽象西。Eg:ayear;fairytales;adreamCollectiveNouns:表示若干个个体成的会合体Eg:army;audience;crew;family;team;police;government;public集体名有作数对待，有作复数看。一般来，整体作数看，突出它的成作复数看。Hisfamily_____notlarge.Hisfamily______allmusiclovers.有少许集体名平常用作数。Eg:Thegangisbeinghuntedbythepolice.OurcompanyissendinghimtoworkinBerlin.个集体名多作复数对待。Eg:Thepolicearelookingforhim.3.MaterialNouns:指无法分个体的物。Eg:beer;cake;cloth;cotton;detergent;fur;ice;paint;paper;soil一般来，物名是不能数的，所以没有复数形式。但有一些特别情况：1)有些物名可用作可数名，表示“一份”、“一杯”、“一种”Eg:Twostrongblackcoffees,please.(两份)Threebeers,please.(三杯)Itwasaspecialtea.(一种)2)个物名的复数形式能够表示特的意。Eg:rains（雨季）sands（沙）snows(雪)waters(海疆)⋯4.AbstractNouns:表示作、状、品、感情等抽象见解Eg:education;love;policy;trust;nature;fashion;relief;silence;truth,etc.多半情况下，种名常用于数形式，不加任何冠。Eg:He’slearningFrenchforfun.Iwishyougoodluck.抽象名化可数名。1Failureisthemotherofsuccess.(失与成功在此抽象见解)Asateacher,sheisasuccess,butasamother,sheisafailurebecauseshedevoteslittletimetolookingafterherchild.(成功者，失者，可数)二、名的数不能数名一般没有复数之分，它包括抽象名、物名和出名。比方：health,advice,glass,wood,English,America不能数名作主，用数形式。可数名有、复数之分。可数名的复数形式有以下几种：情况加法例一般情况加-sbrothers;schools以s,x,ch,sh,尾的加-esbuses;watches;dishes以音＋y尾的去y加-iesladies;countries以f或fe尾的把f/fe改成veshalves;leavesNotes:1.stomach--stomachs2.以元音+y或以出名+y尾的名，直接在尾加-s.Eg:boys;toys;Henrys以-o尾的名+es在本中出的有hero,potato,tomato；其余以-o尾的+s:(photo,piano,radio,bamboo,zoo⋯)4:以f/fe尾只加-s的：proofs;gulfs;cliffs;roofs;serfs;beliefs;chiefshandkerchief（手帕，手）的复数形式两者都能够。不化：内部元音：foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,mouse-mice,man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen尾加-en或ren：ox-oxen,child-childrenouse–ice：mouse-mice;louse-lice（虱子）有些外来的不复数形式：Eg:analysis-analyses;basis-bases;thesis-theses;crisis-crisescriterion-criteria;phenomenon-phenomena;medium-media复数同样的情况：sheep;deer;means;fish;works;species;Chinese;Japanese以及由音表示胸怀衡、等位的名。Eg:yuan,jiao,fen,jin,mu只有复数形式的情况：trousers(子);glasses(眼);compasses( )apairofthanks;clothes;remains;goods;people;cattle“某国人”的复数形式：?、复数同样Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,⋯?尾加-sAfricans,Asians,Canadians,Australians,Italians,⋯⋯?manmenEnglishman---Englishmen,Frenchman---Frenchmen但：German---Germans复合名的复数形式：1.一般将主体名复数。father-in-law→fathers-in-law,passer-by→passers-by,looker-on→lookers-on,editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief2.无主体名的在尾加复数。如：grown-ups,good-for-nothings（无用的人），go-betweens（中人），look-outs（守望者）3.由man,woman,组成的复合名将前后两个都成复数。men-doctors,women-drivers,women-singers?boyfriends,girlfriends,boystudents,girlstudents2有些名词能够兼作可数名词和不能数名词。beauty(美，美貌)---abeauty(一个佳人/物)danger(危险)—adanger(一件危险的事/人)failure(失败)—afailure(一件失败的事/人)honour(荣耀)—anhonour(带来荣誉的/或事)pity(遗憾)—apity(一件痛惜的事)success(成功)—asuccess(一件成功的事/人)surprise(惊异)—asurprise(一件令人惊讶的事)pleasure(乐趣)—apleasure(一件幽默的事)worry(担忧)—aworry(一件令人担忧的事)experience(经验)—anexperience(一次经历)service(服务)—aservice(一个服务机构)英语中有很多对词，一个可数，一个不能数。apoem(一首诗)poetry(诗歌总称)amachine(一台机器)machinery(机器总称)ajob(一件工作)work(工作)alaugh(一个笑声)laughter(笑声)apermit(赞同证)permission(赞同)agarment(一件衣裳)clothing(衣裳总称)abag(case)(一件行李)luggage,baggage(行李)aloaf(一只面包)bread(面包)ahair(一根头发)hair(头发)几个名词的特别用法1.hairHishairiswhite.（他的头发是白的。）Hehasafewgreyhairs.（他有几根白的头发。）2.fruitThefruitissweet.Helikespears,peaches,grapesandotherfruits.3.policeThepolicearesearchingforthemurderer.dozen,scoretwo(many,several)dozenpencilsthreedozenofthem/thesepencilsdozensofstudentstwoscoreofstudentsscoresofpeopleword（信息，通知）,man（人类），前面不加冠词，也不用复数形式，谓语用单数。三、名词的格英语中的名词（代词）有三个格：主格、宾格、所有格。所有格表示所有关系，修饰另一名词，作定语，它有两种形式：一种是由名词词尾加’s组成，另一种是由介词of加名词组成，前者多用来表示有生命的东西，后者多用来表示无生命的东西。所有格的形式：1.一般的名词所有格在后边加’s：Mary’sbook2.以–s结尾的复数名词所有格在后边仅加’：Teachers’Day,thestudents-room’reading3.以–s结尾的专出名词所有格：Engels’sworks或Engels’works4.复合名词的所有格是在其词尾加’s：hismother-in-law’sphototheeditor-in-chief’sopinion35.若是同样东西为两人共有，则只在最后一个名词后加’s,若是是分别所有，则两个名词后都要加’s：TomandMarry’sfather,Tom’sandMarry’sfathers6.在表示“某人家”、“商铺”的所有格时，一般省略它所修饰的名词：atthedoctor’s,atthebarber’s,atMr.Green’s,atthetailor’s7.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、集体、机构等无生命东西的名词，也能够加’s来构成所有格：today’snewspapertenminutes’walkChina’sindustrythestation’swaiting-roomtheearth'ssurfaceadollar'sworth凡不能够加’s组成所有格的名词，都能够与of结成短语，来表示所有格关系。就是有生命的东西的名词也可这样，特别是当这个名词有较长的定语时：thedoorofourclassroomDoyouknowthenameofthegirlstandingatthegate?·在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常使用双重所有格，即“of词组+所有格”构造。这种构造带有必然的感情色彩，表示赞美、憎恶等。afriendofhermother’safewfriendsofTom’sthatbookofTom’sseveralclassmatesofhis一个名词所有格所修饰的词，若是前面已经提到，经常能够省略，防范前后重复。如：Thisisnotmypen,butMary’s.名词原形直接作定语（不表示所有关系）roomnumbercoffeecupshoefactorygeographylessoncolourfilmtoothbrushpowerplantwelcomepartyhearttroublefoodindustryappletreephysicsteacher但：有的名词习惯于用复数作定语parentsmeeting(家长会)goodstrain(货车)salesdepartment(销售部)sportsmeet(运动会)名词所有格(ThePossessiveCaseofNouns)somepatterns:1.I’lltaketheriskforfriendship为了友谊’)ssake.(2.Shewasatherwit’（s黔end驴技.穷）3.Nowtheycouldsingattheirheart（’尽s情content地）.4.Weshouldgetthechildrenoutofharm（不受’损s害way）.5.Wehadbestkeepthematarm’s（length保持.距离）6.Forgoodness’sake,toparguing.（看在上帝的份上）7.Janegotthemoney’sworthoutofthe（coat很合.算）1.Thelionisconsideredthekingoftheforestasitisa(n)_____ofcourageandpower.A.exampleB.signC.markD.symbol2.Hedroppedthe_______andbrokeit.A.cupofcoffeeB.coffee’scupC.cupforcoffeeD.coffeecup3.Ineed_______cloth,forI’mgoingtomakeclothes.A.alotof;manyB.much;muchC.many;manyD.many;alot4.Hegainedhis_______byprinting_______offamouswriters.A.wealth;workB.wealths;worksC.wealths;workD.wealth;works5.Manycountriesareincreasingtheiruseofnaturalgas,windandotherformsof_______.A.energyB.sourceC.powerD.material6.You’llfindthismapofgreat_______inhelpingyoutogetroundLondon.4A.priceB.costC.valueD.usefulness----Whodidyouspendlastweekendwith?_______.A.Palmer’sB.ThePalmers’C.ThePalmersD.ThePalmer’s8.Myparentsalwaysletmehavemyown_______ofliving.A.wayB.methodC.mannerD.fashion9.Thelionisconsideredthekingoftheforestasitisa(n)_______ofcourageandpower.A.exampleB.signC.markD.symbol10.Wevolunteeredtocollectmoneytohelpthe_______oftheearthquake.A.victimsB.folksC.fellowsD.villagers11.Ifyoudon’ttakeawayallyourthingsfromthedesk,therewon’tbeenoughmyforstationery.A.areaB.placeC.roomD.surface12.Itiswidelyacceptedthatyoungbabieslearntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadto_______.A.rewardsB.prizesC.awardsD.resultsInthebotanicgardenwecanfinda(n)_______ofplantsthatrangefromtalltreestosmallflowers.A.speciesB.groupC.amountD.variety----Canyoushootthatbirdatthetopofthetree?----No,it’soutof_______.A.rangeB.reachC.controlD.distance15.ThelifeofLondonismadeupofmanydifferent______.A.elementsB.sectionsC.materialD.realities16.Forthesakeofherdaughter’shealth,shedecidedtomovetoawarm_______.A.weatherB.temperatureC.seasonD.climate17.Toregaintheir______afteranexhaustinggame,theplayerslayinthegrass.A.forceB.energyC.powerD.health18.IsawBobplaythepianoatJohn’spartyandonthat_______hewassimplybrilliant.A.sceneB.circumstanceC.occasionD.situation19.Itcan’tbea(n)_______thatfourlryjewestoreswererobbedinonenight.A.coincidenceB.accidentC.incidentD.chanceAccordingtotherecentresearch,heavycoffeedrinkandheartattackisnotnecessarily_______andeffect.A.reasonB.impactC.factD.cause----I’msorryIsteppedoutsideforasmoke.Iwasverytired.----Thereisno_______forthiswhileyouareonduty.A.reasonB.excuseC.causeD.explanation22.Themanagerhasgotagoodbusiness________sothecompanyisdoingwell.A.ideaB.senseC.thoughtD.thinking23.Don’tleavematchesorcigarettesonthetablewithin______oflittlechildren.A.handB.reachC.spaceD.distance24.Theenvironmentalistsandwildgoats’_______onthevastgrasslandswasagoodindication5ofthebetterenvironment.A.escapeB.absenceC.attendanceD.appearance25.Thevillageisfarawayfromhereindeed.It‘s_____walkA.afourhourB.afourhour'sC.afour-hoursD.afourhours’26.Ihavereadthematerialseveraltimesbutitdoesn'tmakeany________tome.A.meaningB.importanceC.senseD.significance27.Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis___________itisascience.A.anartmuchasB.muchanartasC.asanartmuchasD.asmuchanartas28.Thepoliceareofferinga__________toanyonewhocangiveinformationaboutthelostkey.A.priceB.prizeC.rewardD.money29.Ikeepmedicinesonthetopshelf,outofthechildren.’sA.reachB.handC.holdD.place30.Atthemeetingtheydiscussedthreedifferent_______tothestudyofmathematics。A.approachesB.meansC.methodsD.ways31.Alwaysreadthe_______onthebottlecarefullyandtaketherightamountofmedicine.A.explanationsB.instructionsC.descriptionsD.introductions32.Youhavebeensittingonmyhatandnowitisbadlyoutof______。A.dateB.shapeC.orderD.balanceTomakemembersofateamperformbetter,thetrainerfirstofallhastoknowtheir_____andweaknesses．A.strengthsB.benefitsC.techniquesD.values34.Theschooladvisershelpyoutalkthroughyourproblembuttheydon’tgiveyouanydirect__.A.solutionB.targetC.measureD.function35.Jamestookthemagazinesoffthelittletabletomake______forthetelevision.A.roomB.areaC.fieldD.position36.Thosewhosufferfromheadachewillfindtheyget______fromthismedicine.A.reliefB.safetyC.defenseD.shelterLastyearthenumberofstudentswhograduatedwithadrivinglicencereached200,000,a(n)______of40,000peryear.AaverageBnumberCamountDquantityAftertheearthquake,tilefirstthingthelocalgovernmentdidwastoprovide____________forthehomelessfamilies.A.accommodationB.occupationC.equipmentD.furnitureThedoctorisskilledattreatinghearttroubleandneveracceptsanygiftfromhispatients,sohehasaverygood_____.A.expectationB.reputationC.contributionD.civilizationThisrestauranthasbecomepopularforitswide_________offoodsthatsuitalltastesandpockets.A.divisionB.areaC.rangeD.circle41.Ihaven’tseenSarasinceshewasa，girlandshehaschangedbeyond______.A.hearingB.strengthC.recognitionD．measure42.Ifoundhersittinginthecorner,reading_____newspaper,with_____inhereyes.A.a,tearB.apieceof,tearsC.a,tearsD.apieceof,tear43.Herfatherworksasa______inahotelandhermothera______inaprivatecompany.6A.cooker,typewriterB.cook,typistC.cooker,typistD.cook,typewriter44.“Whycouldn’ttheymeetusatfiveo’clock?”“Becausetheyweredelayedby________.A.heavytrafficB.heavytrafficsC.crowdedtrafficD.crowdedtraffics45.Infact,_______onecausethatleadstotheproblem.A.cattleisB.cattleareC.cattlesareD.thecattlesare46.Byall_______,youmusttryevery_______tohelphim.A.mean,meanB.means,meansC.means,meanD.mean,means47.Jimis______person,andeveryoneiswillingtobe______withhim.A.sokinda,friendsB.soakind,friendsC.sokinda,friendD.soakind,friend48.Wealreadyhave______pencils,butweneedtwo______pens.A.dozenof,dozenB.dozensof,dozenC.dozensof,dozenD.dozensof,dozenof49.Sheraisedherfingertoherlipsas_____forsilence.A.anideaB.amarkC.asignD.aword50.MayItakeyourordernow?”“We’dlikethreeblack_______andtwogreen_______.”A.coffee,cupsofteasB.coffees,teasC.cupsofcoffee,teaD.cupofcoffees,teas51.Tenyearshadpassed.Ifoundshehad_______.A.afewwhitehairsB.alittlewhitehairC.somewhitehairD.morefiftyhair52.—Hi,thisway,please.—OK.Isometimeshavenosenseof______whenIarriveatthecrossroad.A.positionB.directionC.situationD.conditionShellyhadpreparedcarefullyforherEnglishexaminationsothatshecouldbesureofpassingitonherfirst________.A.intentionB.attemptC.purposeD.desire54.Ididn’thavetoworkallweekendIdiditby—.A.chanceB.choiceC.accidentD.myself55.“Didyouget_