新目标英语初中总复习之宾语从句、定语从句

新目标英语初中总复习之宾语从句：充当宾语的句子对宾语从句应注意以下三要素：1.引导词2.语序3.时态1.引导词1)that引导一般疑问句意义的宾从(that可省)eg.Hesays(that)theboyisalilltleweakinChinese.2)疑问词引导特殊疑问句意义的宾从eg.①.Doyouknowwhowillgiveusatalk?②.Idon’tknowwhosebookthatis.③.Couldyoupleasetellwhichgatewehavetogoto?④.Iwonderwhenhewillcomeback.注意：此类宾从的主语与主句的主语（或宾语）相同时，可替换为“疑问词+todo”eg.①.Ihaven’tdecidedwhereIwillgo=Ihaven’tdecidedwheretogo②.HeaskedmewhatIbought=Heaskedmewhattobuy.类似短语：howtodo_____whattosay_____whattodo_____wheretogo____3)if/whether(是否)引导一般疑问句意义的宾从eg.①.“Doyoulikethisbook?”sheaskedme.=Sheaskedme___Ilikedthisbook.②.“HaveyouvisitedtheGreatWall?”Couldyoutellme?=Couldyoutellme_____youhavevisitedtheGreatWall?注意以下几点：ⅰ.区别if当作“是否”，还是“如果”eg.Idon’tknowifhe______(come)ifit______(rain)tomorrow.ⅱ.用whether不用if的几种情况1)后接不定式eg.Ican’tdecidewhethertogotoBeijing.2)与or/ornot连用eg.Iwanttoknowwhetheryouwillgototheparkornot.3)在句首时eg.Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.4)whether还可以引导让步状语从句，意为“不管，无论”eg.Whetheritrainsornot,wearegoingtotheparktomorrow.2.语序：宾从用陈述句语序eg.1)Idon’t(A)knowwhether(B)willhe(C)come(D)tomorrow._____________2)Heasks(A)mewhen(B)willyou(C)comeback(D)._____________3)Couldyoutell(A)howmanyplayers(B)arethere(C)in(D)afootballteam?________3.时态主句宾语从句一般现在时一切时态一般过去时过去范畴的某一时态（一般过去时；过去进行时；过去完成时；过去将来时）但当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时，则只能用一般现在时。eg.Shesaid(that)thesunrisesintheeast.练习()wantedtoknow____hergrandmalikedthedog.A.thatB.ifC.whichD.what()youtellus____?A.wherehaveyougoneB.wherehaveyougoneC.whereyouhavebeenD.wherehaveyoubeen()youstillremember____?A.thathesaidB.whathesaidC.didhesaythatD.whatdidhesay()weatherherechangesveryoftenandwecan’ttell____itwillbeliketomorrow.A.thatB.howC.whatD.whether()5.—Whatdidthescientistsay?---Hesaidhewonderedif____intospacebyspaceshiponeday.A.hehadtoflyB.hecouldflyC.canheflyD.couldhefly()youknow___fromWuhantoXi’an?A.howfaritisB.howfarisitC.howlongitisD.howlongisit()youtellme____?A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingforC.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein()8.—Isthelaketherebeautiful?-–Thisphotowillshowyou____.A.howdoesitlooklikeB.whatdoesitlooklikeC.howitlookslikeD.whatitlookslike()9.Idon’tknow____boughtthepresentforme.IsitJack?A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.what()youshowus____abike?A.howtomendB.whattobuyC.wheretogoD.howmanytobuy()don’tknow____Janewaslateforschoolthismorning.A.whoB.whatC.whomD.why()12.—Doyouremember____hecame?--Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.A.thatB.ifC.howD.when()saidhe___acoldforafewdays.A.hascaughtB.hadcaughtC.hashadD.hadhad()don’tknowifhe____here.Ifhe____,I’lltellyou.A.willcome,comesB.comes,willcomeC.comes,comesD.willcome,willcome()youtellme____best?A.whichoneyoulikeonedoyoulikeC.doyoulikewhichonelikewhichone()teachertoldthechildrenthattheearth____aroundthesun.A.movesB.movedC.hadmovedD.wasmoving()knowswhichfactory_____.A.doesheworkB.heworksC.doesheworkinD.heworksin()saidthatnooneknew___withhim.A.whatisthematterB.whatwasthematterC.whatthematterisD.whatthematterwas()’minterestedin_____ornotheiscoming.A.whetherB.ifC.whenD.why()’msorrythatI____youwerehere.A.didn’tknowB.don’tknowC.won’tknowD.can’tknow十三、定语从句：在句中作定语的句子，它修饰一个名词或代词，这个被修饰的名词、代词叫做先行词。一、引导词（关系词）：位于从句与先行词之间，起连接作用，同时在从句中充当一定的成分。先行词分两类：1.关系代词who（作主语）,whom（作宾语）,whose（作定语）,which（作主语、宾语）,that（作主语、宾语）.2.关系副词when,where,why.注意：1.如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，引导词可以省略.eg.Thetrees(that)wehaveplantedgrowwell.2.关系代词作宾语时，可放在介词后。但当关系代词是that时，则不能放在介词后。eg.ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived=ThisisthehousewhichLuXunoncelivedin.=ThisisthehousethatLuXunoncelivedin二、如何选用引导词：一般情况引导词的选用是受先行词决定的——先行词是人时用that,who,whom,whose;先行词是物时用that,which;先行词是时间、地点时用when,where.eg.1)Theboywho/thatisstandingunderthetreeisJim.站在树下的那个男孩时Jim.2)Doyouknowthegirlwhosemotherisadriver?你认识那个妈妈是司机的女孩吗？3)Haveyoubeentothefactorywhereyourfatherworks?你去过你爸爸工作的工厂吗？但注意区别who/that(指人)；which/that(指物)1.修饰人只用who的情况：a.先行词是one,ones,anyone,those时。b.therebe句型中修饰名词时。c.先行词后有一个较长的定语。Anyonewhohasn’thandedinhishome-workshouldstayafterschool.没交作业的任何人放学后都要留下。2)Thereisagirlwhowantstoseeyouattheschoolgate.校门口有位想见你的女孩。3)Didyouseethemanintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhoworearedshirt?昨天下午在公园你见过那个穿红衬衫的人吗？2.修饰人或物只用that的情况：a.先行词为指物的不定代词all,much,little,few,everything,something,anything,nothingb.先行词前有最高级、序数词及last,only,very,all,no时c.先行词既有人，又有物时d.主句是who/which引导的特殊疑问句，而先行词又指人或物时。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有让我做的事吗？2)Heistheonlyonethatcanhelpusatthemoment.他是现在能帮助我们的唯一的人。3)Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.他谈论着他拜访过的老师和参观过的学校。4)WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday?我们上周星期天用过的机器是哪一台？3.修饰物只用which的情况：a.先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时b.先行词为that时ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.这就是鲁迅以前住过的房子。2)What’sthatwhichyouareholdinginyourarms?你抱着的那个是什么？*三、定语从句可简化为短语1．定语从句为被动语态时可简化为过去分词短语；定语从句为现在进行时可简化为现在分词短语。2．定语从句的谓语(be)后是介词短语，可简化为介词短语作定语。3．定语从句的谓语动词含情态动词，可简化为不定式。IboughtabookthatwaswrittenbyLuXun.=IboughtabookwrittenbyLuXun.2)Tellthechildrenwhoareplayingtherenottodothat.=Tellthechildrenplayingtherenottodothat.3)Thebookthatisonthetableismine.=Thebookonthetableismine.4)Wehavenothingthatweshouldfear.=Wehavenothingtofear.练习一、用适当的关系代词填空ittheveryhouse________youlivedintenyearsago?woman_____sitsnexttothedoorismymother.’llneverforgettheyear_____IjoinedtheLeague.isthehouse_____Iwasborn.house______roofisbrokenhasbeenrepaired.二、用短语来改写下面的定语从句部分。manthatistalkingwithMaryismybrother.________________________________________________________.isabookwhichwaswrittenbyaworker______________________________________studentwhoisfromCanadaspeaksFrench.________________________________________________.hasalotofworkthatshemustdo._____________________________________三、选择填空()man____wasafriendofmine.A.thatyoujusttalkedtoB.whomyoujusttalkedtohimC.whoyoujusttalkedtohimD.whichyoujusttalkedto()isthebestfilm____hasbeenshownthisyear.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.when(),thethiefhandedeverything____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.inwhere().Litoldusthestonesandwriters____interestedhimA.whatB.whoC.thatD.which()fatherstillrememberstheday___hejoinedthearmy.A.whenB.whichC.towhichD.fromwhich()’llneverforgetthesummerholidays____wespenttogether.A.whenB.inwhichC.whichD.how()7—Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees?—Yes,hedoes.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who()letter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that()hatepeople_______talkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who()10.—Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?—Oh!It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which()hatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where()MallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which()istheplace

_____Ihaveevervisited.