裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记第51课

WhydidHugh'sdietnotwork?Myfriend,Hugh,hasalwaysbeenfat,butthingsgotsobadrecentlythathedecidedtogoonadiet.Hebeganhisdietaweekago.Firstofall,hewroteoutalonglistofallthefoodswhichwereforbidden.ThelistincludedmostofthethingsHughloves:butter,potatoes,rice,beer,milk,chocolate;andsweets.YesterdayIpaidhimavisit.IrangthebellandwasnotsurprisedtoseethatHughwasstillasfatasever.Heledmeintohisroomandhurriedlyhidalargeparcelunderhisdesk.Itwasobviousthathewasveryembarrassed.WhenIaskedhimwhathewasdoing,hesmiledguiltilyandthenputtheparcelonthedesk.Heexplainedthathisdietwassostrictthathehadtorewardhimselfoccasionally.Thenheshowedmethecontentsoftheparcel.Itcontainedfivelargebarsofchocolateandthreebagsofsweets!参照译文我的朋友休素来很胖，可是近来情况变得更为糟糕，致使他决定节食。他是一星期前开始节食的。第一，他开列了一张长长的票据，上面列了全部禁吃的食品。这张票据上的大部分食品都是休喜欢吃的：黄油、土豆、米饭、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果。昨天我去看望了他。我按响了门铃，当看到休仍和平时同样胖时，我其实不感觉惊异。他把我领进屋，慌乱把一个大包藏到了桌子下面。显然他感觉很尴尬。当我问他正干什么时，他愧疚地笑了，尔后把那个大包拿到了桌上。他解谈谈，他的饮食控制得太严格了，致使不得不有时奖励自己一下。接着他给我看了包里的东西。里面装了5大块巧克力和3袋糖果！【Newwordsandexpressions】（10）rewardn.报偿virtuen.美德dietn.节食forbidv.严禁－forbade－forbiddenhurriedlyadv.匆促地embarrassv.使尴尬guiltilyadv.愧疚地strictadj.严格的rewardv.给奖励occasionallyadv.有时地一．单词解说：★rewardn.报偿同义词compensate,pay,remunerate,award反义词punish,punishment变化形名复rewards?变化形动变rewarded?rewarded?rewarding?（1）n.酬金、奖励、酬报、赏金eg：Hereceivedamedalinrewardforhisbravery.他因表现勇敢而获得了一枚奖章.eg：A10-millionrewardhasbeenofferedforthecaptureofBinLaden.悬赏一千万美元捉拿宾拉登。eg：Heworkedhardwithout（any）hopeofreward.他勤奋工作,但却不希望获得酬金。（2）v.赏赐酬金，酬报，报恩eg：Isthishowyourewardmeformyhelp？你就这样报恩我对你的帮助吗?eg：Youwillbefullyrewardedwithallyourefforts.你全部的努力都将获得充分的回报。eg：Iwillrewardyoulater.此后我会报恩你。rewardingadj.酬金的,有益的,值得的arewardingexperience一次富饶价值的经历★virtuen.美德同义词goodness,righteousness,morality变化形名复virtues?（1）美德、善、傲慢（反意词：vice恶行，缺道德为）amanofvirtue有德之人eg：Honestyisavirtue.诚实是一种美德。leadalifeofvirtue过崇高的生活eg：Virtueisitsownreward.(谚)做好事即乐在其中.eg：Allofthevirtuesgethere.全聚德（2）长处、长处eg：Thebigclasshasthevirtueofmakingmorefriends.大量的美德使能交更多的朋友。eg：Myroomhasvirtueofbeingwarmeveninwinter.我的房间有个利处即即是冬天也很温暖。virtualadj.['v?:tju?l]实质的,实质上的eg：Ourdeputymanageristhevirtualheadofthebusiness.我们的副经理是企业的实质负责人.★dietn.节食同义词foodanddrink,food,foodstuffs,victuals变化形名复diets?变化形动变dieted?dieted?dieting?（1）节食

goonadiet

＝

beonadiet

推行节食loseweight

减重←→

putonweight

＝

gainweight

增胖（2）（平时的）

饮食abalanceddiet

平衡的饮食

；

dietsheet

（病人的）

规定食谱★

forbid

v.严禁,

严禁[O1][O2][+v-ing...同义词prohibit,disallow,bar,banforbid－forbade－forbiddenforbid+n./doingeg：Whocanforbidourmarriage

反义词permit,allow－?forbidding？谁能够严禁我们的婚姻？eg：Smokingisforbiddeninthisbuilding.forbidsb严禁某人⋯..eg：Ifyouwanttogo,Ican’tforbidyou.

在幢楼里抽烟是被严禁。若是你想去，我不能够阻拦你。eg：Hedidn’tlikehisdaughter’sboyfriend,andforbadehimintothehouse.他不喜他女儿的男朋友，并严禁他了屋。forbidsbtodo

⋯⋯.

严禁某人做某事eg：Myfatherforbadmetowatchtelevision.

我的父就严禁我看。eg：Itisforbiddentosmokeinthisroom.

（NoSmoking）在个房严禁抽烟。forbiddenadj.（被）严禁的forbiddenfruit禁果;非法的愉forbiddenground禁区、必防范的、犯忌的theForbiddenCity故,紫禁城eg：Godforbidthatweshouldhaveclasstomorrow.上帝保佑，我明天不用上。★hurriedlyadv.匆促地、草率地hurriedadj.促的,慌乱的；ahurriedtrip匆促之旅ahurriedmeal匆促吃了hurriedlyadv.['h?ridli]匆促地；speakhurriedly急促地hurryv.匆促,敦促,赶eg：Don’thurry.不要急。eg：Hurryup.快点eg：Withthis,thewomanhurriedaway/off.完了，女子赶忙走开。eg：Hehurriedhome.他赶忙赶回家。eg：Hehurriedtoschool.他赶忙赶到学校。hurryto+地址：匆促赶到某地eg：Hehurriedbacktohisoffice.他赶忙赶回他的公室。eg：Theyhurriedintothecar.他赶忙上。★embarrassv.使窘;使不好心思,使忐忑不安[H][(...同disconcert,discomfit,abash,confound化形embarrassed?embarrassed?embarrassing?embarrasssb使某人堪eg：Yoursharpwordsembarrassedhimalot.你尖酸的令他很堪。eg：Areyoutryingtoembarrassme？你想要我堪？eg：Don’tembarrassthembyasking/withpersonalquestions.不要他令人堪的个人。eg：Shewasembarrassedbyhisloudlaughter.他的大笑令她感觉尴尬。embarrassingadj.令人迷惑的、尴尬、尴尬的embarrassedadj.感觉迷惑的、尴尬、尴尬的eg：Itwasobviousthathewasveryembarrassed.显然他感觉很窘。financiallyembarrassed

＝shortofmoney

囊中羞怯、经济受窘embarrassment?[im?b?r?sm?nt]n.

窘况；迷惑；犯难anembarrassmentofriches

好东西太多而难以选择东西多得令人犯难；财富多得成了负担blushinembarrassment

因难为情而脸红差异：embassy?[?emb?si]n.

大馆；大使馆全体成员★

guiltily

adv.

愧疚地（1）责任、罪行、罪行eg：Guiltwaswrittenalloverherface.她的罪过都写在脸上了；她在脸上写满了愧疚。establishthesuspect’sguilt证明嫌疑犯有罪eg：Hedeniedhisguilt.他否定自己有罪。eg：Heconfessedhisguilt.他认同自己有罪。（2）不安、愧疚feelingofguilt愧疚感、罪悪感｛ざいあくかん｝、罪の意识｛いしき｝guilty?['gilti]adj.有罪的,愧疚的guiltless（innocent,clear）['giltlis]?adj.不熟悉...的,无罪的eg：Ifeelguiltyaboutcuttingclasses.逃课我感觉愧疚。eg：IfeelguiltybecauseIhavenomoneytolendyou.因为我没有钱借给你感觉愧疚。eg：Notguilty.判决某人[无罪].eg：Theboyswereguiltyoftheft.男孩子们犯了偷窃罪。guiltilyadv.eg：Shesmiledguiltilyasshesawme.当她看见我时她尴尬地笑。★strictadj.严格的、严格的[(+with)]同义词harsh,exact,precise,rigorous反义词lenient,loose,lax变化形形变stricter?strictest?（1）adj.严格地、严格的bestrictwithsb对某人严格＝bestrictinsb对某人严格bestrictinone’swork/study对工作/学习严格eg：Firstofall,youmustbestrictwithyourself.第一，你必定严格要求自己。astrictteacher一位严格的老师；strictrules严格的规定（2）adj.严实地、正确地thestricttruth的确的事实、绝对真切inthestrictsense严格说来strictly?['striktli]adv.严格地,完好地eg：Strictlyspeaking,youarenotfitforyourjob.严格来说，你是不适合这份工作。eg：Smokingisstrictlyprohibited.严禁抽烟、抽烟被严格地严禁。★occasionallyadv.有时地、有时,间或同义词sometimes,nowandthen,onceinawhileadv.nowandthen,attimes偶而地eg：Ioccasionallygotothemovieswithhim.我有时和他去看电影。occasionaladj.偶而的occasionalvisits有时的拜见eg：We’llhaveoccasionalsnowduringthenight.夜晚偶而会下一阵雪。occasion[??kei??n]n.ononeoccasion一次onthis/thatoccasion

时刻，场合；嘉会；机会；来由,onanotheroccasion另一次在这种/那种场合

vt.

惹起eg：It’salwaysthesameonthiskindofoccasions.在这种场合老是这样的。eg：HehashadfewoccasionstospeakFrench.他极稀有机会讲法语。二．

Keystructures

：一般过去时一般过去时：表过去某时发生的动作或处于的状态，

平时表过去的时间状语连用，（也可经过上、下文表现时间）

。eg：Igotonthebusandsatdown.Eg：ThemagazineIorderedwassenttothewrongaddress.eg：Afirebrokeoutinourtownrecentlyandalargefactorywasburnttotheground.burnttotheground完好烧毁注意动词不规则过去式、过去分词eat－ate－eaten；wear－wore－wornwin－won－won；fall－fell－fallenbeat?[bi:t]vt.打；战胜vi.跳动n.跳动(声)；节拍－beat－beatenforbid[f??bid]vt.严禁，严禁－forbade－forbiddenlose－lost－lost；break－broke－brokenhide－hid－hidden；ring打－rang－rungburn－burnt/burned－burnt/burnedlead－led－ledrisevi.升起；起立(床)；上n.上；高升－rose－risenlie?[lai]vi.躺，平放；位于；伸展；n.－lay－lainlay?[lei]v.置放；；(蛋，卵)；置；主－laid－laidcreep?[kri:p]vi.爬行，爬行；手足地走，慢地行－crept－creptleap?[li:p]vi.跳；冲vt.n.跳；激增，－leapt－leapttear[ti?,te?]n.眼泪；破洞，裂口v.撕(裂)，被撕破－tore－tornExercise：⑴Iwas（be）gladtogetyourletter.⑵Howdidyoulike（like）theirperformance？⑶Whoput（put）forwardthissuggestion？⑷YesterdayIpaid（pay）himavisit.⑸Everybodyrose（rise起立）whenheentered（enter）theroom.三．文解：★Myfriend,Hugh,hasalwaysbeenfat,butthingsgotsobadrecentlythathedecidedtogoonadiet.我的朋友休素来很胖,可是近来情况得越糟糕,致使他决定食.※so⋯that这样⋯致使；果使，致使eg：It’ssocoldthatthepondhasfrozen.eg：IransofastthatI’dgotapaininmyside.so⋯astodo⋯⋯到做某事的程度eg：Shewassokindastohelptheoldladyoffthebus.※decidetodosth决定做某事※goonadiet食★Hebeganhisdietaweekago.Firstofall,hewroteoutalonglistofallthefoodswhichwereforbidden.他是一星期前开始食的.第一,他开列了一的子,上面列了全部禁吃的食品.※firstofall第一eg：Firstofallshejustsmiled,andthenshestartedtolaugh.最初她可是微笑,此后才放声大笑.※

writeout

全部写出※

alistof

一⋯⋯的清

、一份名list

⑴

n.putaperson

’snameon

thelist

把⋯⋯⋯列入名takeaperson’snameoffthelist把⋯⋯⋯除名drawuplistofmembers造会名listpricen.价,价目表所列之价钱、价⑵v.eg：Mynameisnotlistedinthetelephonedirectory.我的名字没有被列在簿里ThelistincludedmostofthethingsHughloves:butter,potatoes,rice,beer,milk,chocolate;andsweets.子上的大部分食品都是休喜吃的:黄油、土豆、米、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果.※includev.包括，把⋯⋯.列入（算入）⋯⋯（做整体的一部分），它的主可能是人或物，在意上与putin相像。eg：Iincludedeggsinthelistofthingstobuy.我将蛋列入了要的物件eg：Yourdutiesincludemakingthetea.你的任包括泡茶eg：AmIincludedintheteam？我属于里？contain包括，容，⋯⋯..的里面有或装着，始表示在某个容器或物体之内，平时与thereis/are⋯⋯⋯in的构互，不能够用行。eg：Thatboxcontainsoldletters.

Thereareoldlettersinthatbox.eg：Heincludedalotoffunnystoriesinhisspeech.Hisspeechcontainedalotoffunnystories.eg：Therocketcontainsanumberofscientificinstruments,includingatelevisioncamera.火箭包括一些科学器，其中包括像机※potatoes,sweets→可数名YesterdayIpaidhimavisit.昨天我去看望了他.paysbavisit＝visitsbpayattentionto⋯⋯eg：Youshouldpayattentiontowhatyourparentssay.payfor⑴，受⋯⋯的eg：You’llhavetopayforyourselfishnesssomeday.有一天你将会你的的自私付出代价⑵⋯⋯..付款eg：Nowyoucanpayformydinner.在你能够替我付了payback，(某人)；回，向⋯复eg：Hepaidbackhisdebts.他了借钱IrangthebellandwasnotsurprisedtoseethatHughwasstillasfatasever.我按响了

.

当看到休仍和平时一胖

,

我其实不感觉惊异

.ringvi./vt.eg：Thetelephonerangjustnow.

（vi.

）eg：Irangthebell.（vt.）asfatasever原句：asfatasheeverwas状从句Heledmeintohisroomandhurriedlyhidalargeparcelunderhisdesk.他把我屋,慌乱把一个大包藏到了桌子下面.leadv.showtheway,especiallybygoinginfront⋯⋯..指路，路eg：Heled/showedtheguestintohisstudy.eg：I’llshowyouaround.我会你四看看Itwasobviousthathewasveryembarrassed.WhenIaskedhimwhathewasdoing,hesmiledguiltilyandthenputtheparcelonthedesk.Heexplainedthathisdietwassostrictthathehadtorewardhimselfoccasionally.然他感觉很尬.当我他正干什么,他愧疚地笑了,尔后把那个大包拿到了桌上.他解,他的食控制得太格了,致使不得不偶自己一下.so⋯⋯that这样⋯致使；果使，致使★Thenheshowedmethecontentsoftheparcel.接着他我看了包里的西

.showeg：Heshowedmehisphotographs.eg：Youmustshowyourticketatthebarrier.

必在票出示票

.barrier?[?b?ri?]n.，关卡，票口；阻拦，隔；屏障★Itcontainedfivelargebarsofchocolateandthreebagsofsweets!里面装了

5大巧克力和

3袋糖果

!※barn.⑴

条abarofchocolateabarofsoapn.

一肥皂abarofredacrossthewesternsky

日落,西天空有一道⑵酒吧：barmaidn.酒吧女招待,酒吧女服barman＝bartendern.酒吧的侍从;酒保、酒；酒吧男服⑶（法庭大将法官监犯，律等与听众分开的）杆behindbars

在中不能数名，表示”一个”见解，需加”abarof“似的定：apieceofnews一条新；anitemofnews一信息、一条新apieceofwork一份工作；aburstofapplause一掌声＊burst?[b?:st]vt.

使爆裂

vi.

爆炸；

n.爆炸；爆＊applause?[??pl?:z]n.鼓掌，掌声afitofanger阵气愤＊fit?[fit]?adj.适合的,强健的v.适合,安装n.适合,发生anitemoftruth一点真相；anarticleofclothing一件衣服＊article?[?ɑ:tik(?)l]n.物件；文章，论文；条款;冠词agrainofrice一粒米＊grain?[grein]n.谷物；谷粒，颗粒，细粒；少量，微量alumpofsugarn.一块方糖＊lump?[l?mp]n.小方块，(肿)块vt.归在一同vi.结块※sweet（Br.）【英】(餐后的)甜点[U][C]、甘い食べ物［菓子｛かし｝、＝dessert（Am.）eg：Idon’twantanysweet.我不要甜点sweets【英】糖果[P]＝candy（Am.）eg：Pleasehelpyourselftosomesweets.※rewardforvirtue对美德的奖励四．SpecialDifficulties1、raise及物动词/rise:

：

不及物动词

,

不能够加宾语

:

它们的差异不在于意思

,

而在于词性eg：ThatboyalwaysraiseshishandwhenIaskaquestion.我问问题时、那男孩老是举起手eg：Thatshelfwastoolowsoweraiseditfewinches.这架太低，因此我们提高了几英寸eg：Heavyrainshaveraisedtheleveloftheriverthisyear.eg：Ialwaysriseatsixo’clock.我老是6点起床eg：Aftertheconcert,everybodyroseandclapped.演唱会结束后，大家起立，鼓掌eg：Thesunhasjustrisen.2、lay:及物动词/lie

太阳刚才升起。不及物动词:laytheegg/lieinbedeg：Laythoseparcelsonthefloor,please.

请把那些包放在上eg：Where’smybook？Ilaiditonthatshelfamomentago.我的书呢？刚才我把这本书放在书架上了eg：Haven’tyoulaidthetableyet？还没把桌子摆好吗？eg：It’snicetogetupinthemorning,butit’snicertoliein

bed.eg：Ilayinbedtill10o’clocklastSundaymorning.eg：Thechildrenareplayingagame.They’vealljustlainonthegrass.3、beat后边接敌手win不能够接敌手:Ibeatyou.eg：ArsenalbeatManchesterUnitedlastSaturday.上星期六阿森

曼。eg：Arsenalwonthegame.

阿森得了比Exercise：Choosethecorrectverbsinthefollowingsentences:＊verb?[v?:b]n.正确的:Everybody(raised)(rose)whenheenteredtheroom.Ihavebeen(laying)(lying)hereforhalfanhour.Mrs.Jones.(laid)(lay).thetablebeforebreakfast.airplane(raised)(rose)intotheair.5.I'mnotverygoodatchess.Healways(wins)(beats)me.6.‘Didyou(win)(beat)orlose?’Iasked.1.rose2.lying3.laid/beforebreakfast.4.rose5.beats有手6.win后边没手

不能够用“lay

”因第三人称数五．Exercis