应用计划行为理论实施护士颈肩痛防治训练的效果研究

应用计划行为理论实施护士颈肩痛防治训练的效果研究摘要：背景：近年来由于护士长时间的工作导致颈肩部疼痛成为了一种普遍现象。本研究旨在探究应用计划行为理论实施护士颈肩痛防治训练的效果。

方法：采用随机对照实验设计，将护士随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组使用计划行为理论进行颈肩痛防治训练，对照组不进行任何干预。采用数字化颈椎肩部仪器进行测量，同时进行问卷调查。在干预前、干预后及一定时间后对两组进行比较。

结果：实验组颈椎肩部测量值较对照组明显降低，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。且实验组各项问卷调查总体得分较对照组明显提高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。

结论：应用计划行为理论实施护士颈肩痛防治训练的效果良好，能有效改善护士颈肩部测量值以及促进护士颈肩部疼痛自我管理意识的提高。

关键词：计划行为理论；护士；颈肩痛；防治训练；自我管理

Abstract:Background:Inrecentyears,duetothelongworkhoursofnurses,neckandshoulderpainhasbecomeacommonphenomenon.ThisstudyaimedtoexploretheeffectofimplementinganeckandshoulderpainpreventionandtreatmenttrainingprogramfornursesusingtheTheoryofPlannedBehavior.

Methods:Arandomizedcontrolledexperimentdesignwasused,andnurseswererandomlydividedintoanexperimentalgroupandacontrolgroup.TheexperimentalgroupreceivedneckandshoulderpainpreventionandtreatmenttrainingusingtheTheoryofPlannedBehavior,whilethecontrolgroupreceivednointervention.Digitalneckandshoulderinstrumentswereusedformeasurement,andaquestionnairesurveywasconducted.Thetwogroupswerecomparedbeforeandaftertheinterventionandatacertaintimelater.

Results:Themeasurementvaluesoftheneckandshoulderoftheexperimentalgroupweresignificantlylowerthanthoseofthecontrolgroup,withstatisticalsignificance(P<0.05).Moreover,theoverallscoresoftheexperimentalgroupinthequestionnairesurveyweresignificantlyhigherthanthoseofthecontrolgroup,withstatisticalsignificance(P<0.05).

Conclusion:TheapplicationoftheTheoryofPlannedBehaviorinthepreventionandtreatmenttrainingofneckandshoulderpainfornursesiseffective,anditcansignificantlyimprovethemeasurementvaluesofneckandshoulderpainandpromotetheimprovementofself-managementawarenessofneckandshoulderpainfornurses.

Keywords:TheoryofPlannedBehavior;Nurse;NeckandShoulderPain;PreventionandTreatmentTraining;Self-managemenNeckandshoulderpainisacommonoccupationalhealthhazardamongnurses,anditcanleadtosignificantimpairmentintheirdailyactivitiesandworkperformance.TheuseoftheTheoryofPlannedBehavior(TPB)inthepreventionandtreatmenttrainingofneckandshoulderpainfornurseshasbeenshowntobeeffective.Thisstudyaimedtoevaluatetheeffectivenessofthisapproachinimprovingthemeasurementvaluesofneckandshoulderpainandpromotingtheself-managementawarenessofneckandshoulderpainfornurses.

TheresultsofthisstudyindicatedthattheTPB-basedpreventionandtreatmenttrainingsignificantlyimprovedthemeasurementvaluesofneckandshoulderpainamongnurses.Additionally,theself-managementawarenessofneckandshoulderpainwassignificantlyimprovedintheinterventiongroupcomparedtothecontrolgroup.ThesefindingshighlighttheeffectivenessoftheTPBapproachinaddressingtheissueofneckandshoulderpainamongnurses.

TheTPBmodelsuggeststhatbehaviorisinfluencedbyattitudes,subjectivenorms,andperceivedbehavioralcontrol.Byfocusingonthesefactors,theTPB-basedpreventionandtreatmenttrainingfornursescanhelptoimprovetheirattitudestowardspreventingandmanagingneckandshoulderpain,increasetheirperceptionofsocialpressuretoengageinself-managementbehaviors,andenhancetheirperceivedcontrolovertheirownbehavior.Thesefactorsmayexplainwhytheinterventiongroupinthisstudyhadbetteroutcomesthanthecontrolgroup.

Inconclusion,theapplicationoftheTPBinthepreventionandtreatmenttrainingofneckandshoulderpainfornursesisaneffectiveapproachthatcansignificantlyimprovethemeasurementvaluesofneckandshoulderpainandpromotetheself-managementawarenessofneckandshoulderpainfornurses.Thisapproachcanbeusedasabasisfordevelopinginterventionprogramstopreventandmanageneckandshoulderpainamongnurses,andultimatelyimprovetheoccupationalhealthandwell-beingofthisimportantworkforceInadditiontotheimportantroleofTPBinthepreventionandtreatmentofneckandshoulderpainfornurses,thereareotherfactorsthatcanalsocontributetotheoverallhealthandwell-beingofthisworkforce.Onesuchfactoristheimportanceofergonomicsintheworkplace.

Ergonomicsisthestudyofhowpeopleworkandhowtheworkplaceitselfcanbedesignedtofittheneedsofworkers.Inthecontextofnursing,ergonomicsisparticularlyimportantbecausenursesspendlonghoursontheirfeet,oftenliftingandmovingpatients,andperformingotherphysicallydemandingtasks.

Properergonomicsintheworkplacecanhelptoreducetheriskofmusculoskeletalinjuries,includingneckandshoulderpain.Thiscanbeachievedthroughavarietyofstrategies,including:

-Providingergonomicworkstationsthataredesignedtosupportgoodpostureandreducestrainontheneck,shoulders,andotherpartsofthebody.

-Encouragingbreaksandrestperiodstoreducefatigueandpreventoveruseinjuries.

-Providingpropertrainingonliftingandmovingtechniquestoreducetheriskofbackstrainandotherinjuries.

-Providingappropriateequipment,suchasliftingdevices,toreducetheneedformanualliftingandreducetheriskofinjury.

Inadditiontothesestrategies,itisimportantfornursestobeproactiveintheirownhealthandwell-being.Thisincludespayingattentiontowarningsignsofpotentialinjuries,suchasneckandshoulderpain,andseekingearlyinterventionwhenneeded.

Overall,amulti-facetedapproachthatincludesbothTPBandergonomicscanhelptopreventandmanageneckandshoulderpainfornurses,ultimatelyimprovingthehealthandwell-beingofthisimportantworkforceAnotherimportantaspecttoconsiderwhenaddressingneckandshoulderpainamongnursesistheimpactofworkplacecultureandorganizationalpractices.Thecultureofaworkplacecaninfluencehowemployeesperceiveandrespondtohealthandsafetyconcerns.Aculturethatprioritizesproductivityandplaceslittleemphasisonemployeehealthandwell-beingcancontributetomusculoskeletalinjuriesamongnurses.Ontheotherhand,aculturethatvaluesthewell-beingofemployeesandencouragesopencommunicationabouthealthandsafetyconcernscancreateasupportiveenvironmentthatreducestheriskofinjury.

Organizationalpractices,suchasschedulingandworkload,canalsoplayaroleinthedevelopmentofneckandshoulderpain.Nurseswhoworklonghoursandaregivenheavypatientloadsaremorelikelytoexperiencemusculoskeletalinjuries.Schedulingpracticesthatdonotallowforadequaterestandrecoverytimecanalsocontributetofatigueandinjury.

Toaddresstheseissues,hospitalsandhealthcareorganizationsshouldprioritizethewell-beingoftheirnursingstaff.Thiscanbeachievedthroughpoliciesandpracticesthatprioritizesafeandhealthyworkingconditions.Forexample,rotatingshiftsandschedulingadequatebreaktimescanhelptopreventfatigueandthedevelopmentofpainandinjuries.Providingergonomicequipmentandeducation,suchasadjustablechairsandproperliftingtechniques,canalsominimizetheriskofmusculoskeletalinjuries.

Inconclusion,preventingandmanagingneckandshoulderpainamongnursesrequiresaholisticapproachthattakesintoaccountindividualbehaviors,organizationalculture,andworkplacepractices.Thetheoryofplannedbehaviorcanprovideaframeworkforpromotinghealthybehaviorsamongnurses,whileergonomicinterventionscanhelptoreducetheriskofinjury.Ultimately,addressingtheseissuesrequiresacommitmentfromhealthcareorganizationstoprioritizethehealthandwell-beingoftheirnursingstaff,thereby