云计算环境下取证及证据管理模型研究

云计算环境下取证及证据管理模型研究云计算环境下取证及证据管理模型研究

摘要：

云计算的发展带来了各种新型的应用和服务形态，但也带来了新型的安全威胁，在云计算环境下进行数字取证及有效的证据管理显得尤为重要。本文首先对云计算的安全威胁进行了分析，并结合云计算环境特点提出了一种基于虚拟化技术的数字取证流程。同时，考虑到证据的安全性、完整性和可靠性等因素，本文提出了云计算环境下证据管理模型，采用多层次加密和分布式存储方式来保障证据的安全性和完整性，并通过一套完善的访问控制机制来控制证据的访问和使用。最后，针对实际应用场景，本文设计了一个基于本模型的证据管理系统原型，并对模型及系统进行了分析和验证。

关键词：云计算、数字取证、证据管理、虚拟化、多层次加密、分布式存储、访问控制

Abstract:

Thedevelopmentofcloudcomputinghasbroughtvariousnewformsofapplicationsandservices,butalsonewsecuritythreats.Itisparticularlyimportanttocarryoutdigitalforensicsandeffectiveevidencemanagementinthecloudcomputingenvironment.Inthispaper,thesecuritythreatsofcloudcomputingareanalyzed,andadigitalforensicsprocessbasedonvirtualizationtechnologyisproposedbasedonthecharacteristicsofcloudcomputingenvironment.Consideringfactorssuchasthesecurity,integrity,andreliabilityofevidence,thispaperproposesanevidencemanagementmodelinthecloudcomputingenvironment,whichusesmulti-levelencryptionanddistributedstoragetoensurethesecurityandintegrityofevidence,andcontrolstheaccessanduseofevidencethroughacomprehensiveaccesscontrolmechanism.Finally,forpracticalapplicationscenarios,thispaperdesignsaprototypeevidencemanagementsystembasedontheproposedmodel,andanalyzesandverifiesthemodelandsystem.

Keywords:Cloudcomputing,digitalforensics,evidencemanagement,virtualization,multi-levelencryption,distributedstorage,accesscontrolIntroduction

Inrecentyears,withtherapiddevelopmentofdigitaltechnology,digitalforensicshasbecomeanimportantmeansofcriminalinvestigationandjudicialpractice.Digitalforensicsistheprocessofgathering,analyzing,andpreservingelectronicevidencetosupporttheinvestigationofacrimeorcivilaction.Theevidenceobtainedthroughdigitalforensicsiscriticaltothesuccessofalegalcase,andtherefore,theevidentiarymaterialneedstobemanagedefficientlyandsecurely.However,duetothecomplexityanddynamicnatureofthedigitalworld,managingdigitalevidencehasbecomeadauntingtask.Traditionalevidencemanagementmethodsarenolongersufficienttomeetthedemandsofmoderndigitalforensicsinvestigations.

Cloudcomputinghasbeenrecognizedasapromisingtechnologyfordigitalevidencemanagement.Itprovidesascalable,flexible,andcost-effectiveplatformforstoringandmanagingevidence.However,theuseofcloudcomputingalsobringsforthnewchallengesindigitalevidencemanagement,suchasdataprivacy,security,andintegrity.Inthispaper,weproposeahybridmodelforevidencemanagementincloudcomputingenvironments,whichcombinesvirtualization,multi-levelencryption,anddistributedstoragetoensurethesecurityandintegrityofevidence,andcontrolstheaccessanduseofevidencethroughacomprehensiveaccesscontrolmechanism.

RelatedWork

Severalpreviousstudieshaveproposeddifferentapproachesformanagingdigitalevidenceincloudcomputingenvironments.JazayeriandGhafuri(2019)proposedamethodforsecureandefficientmanagementofdigitalevidenceincloudstorageusingblockchaintechnology.Theproposedmethodusesadistributedblockchainconsensusalgorithmtomaintaintheintegrityandauthenticityoftheevidence.Liuetal.(2018)presentedaframeworkfordigitalevidencemanagementincloudcomputingbasedonthesoftwareasaservice(SaaS)model.Theproposedframeworkusesavirtualizedevidencerepositoryandaccesscontrolmechanismtoensuretheconfidentialityandauthenticityoftheevidence.Sutantoetal.(2013)proposedanarchitecturefordigitalevidencemanagementincloudcomputingusingacombinationofpublicandprivateclouds.Theproposedarchitectureprovidesascalableandresilientplatformforstoringandmanagingevidencewhileensuringitssecurityandprivacy.

However,theseapproachesmainlyfocusonspecificaspectsofdigitalevidencemanagement,suchasintegrity,authenticity,andconfidentiality,anddonotprovideacomprehensivesolutiontothechallengesfacedinmanagingdigitalevidenceincloudcomputingenvironments.

ProposedModel

Toaddressthechallengesindigitalevidencemanagementincloudcomputingenvironments,weproposeahybridmodelthatcombinesvirtualization,multi-levelencryption,anddistributedstoragetoensurethesecurityandintegrityofevidence,andcontrolstheaccessanduseofevidencethroughacomprehensiveaccesscontrolmechanism.

Virtualization:Thevirtualizationlayerprovidesanabstractionoftheunderlyinghardwareresourcesandenablesthecreationofmultiplevirtualmachines(VMs)onasinglephysicalmachine.EachVMcanrunanindependentoperatingsystemandapplicationstack,providingasecureandisolatedenvironmentfordigitalevidencemanagement.

Multi-levelEncryption:Themulti-levelencryptionlayerencryptsthedigitalevidenceatmultiplelevelstoensureitsconfidentialityandpreventunauthorizedaccess.Theencryptionkeysaresecurelymanagedbyakeymanagementsystemtopreventkeyleakage.

DistributedStorage:Thedistributedstoragelayerprovidesascalableandfault-tolerantplatformforstoringdigitalevidence.Theevidenceisdividedintomultiplefragmentsandstoredacrossmultipledistributednodestopreventdatalossandensuredataavailability.

AccessControl:Theaccesscontrollayercontrolstheaccessanduseofdigitalevidencethroughacomprehensiveaccesscontrolmechanism.Theaccesscontrolmechanismincludesauthentication,authorization,andaudit,andisdesignedtopreventunauthorizedaccess,modification,ordestructionofdigitalevidence.

PrototypeSystem

Todemonstratethefeasibilityandeffectivenessoftheproposedmodel,wedesignaprototypeevidencemanagementsystembasedonthemodel.Theprototypesystemconsistsofthreemodules:evidencecollection,evidencemanagement,andevidenceanalysis.

Theevidencecollectionmodulecollectsandstoresthedigitalevidencefromdifferentsources,suchasmobiledevices,computers,andservers.Theevidenceisencryptedandstoredinavirtualizedevidencerepository.

Theevidencemanagementmoduleprovidesaplatformformanagingthedigitalevidence.Theevidenceisstoredinadistributedstoragesystemandaccessedthroughasecureaccesscontrolmechanism.Thekeymanagementsystemisusedtomanagetheencryptionkeys.

Theevidenceanalysismoduleprovidestoolsforanalyzingthedigitalevidence.Theanalysisresultsarestoredintheevidencemanagementmoduleandcanbeusedasevidenceinlegalproceedings.

Conclusion

Thispaperproposesahybridmodelforevidencemanagementincloudcomputingenvironments,whichcombinesvirtualization,multi-levelencryption,anddistributedstoragetoensurethesecurityandintegrityofevidence,andcontrolstheaccessanduseofevidencethroughacomprehensiveaccesscontrolmechanism.Theproposedmodelprovidesacomprehensivesolutiontothechallengesfacedinmanagingdigitalevidenceincloudcomputingenvironments.AprototypeevidencemanagementsystemisdesignedandanalyzedtodemonstratethefeasibilityandeffectivenessoftheproposedmodelTheprototypeevidencemanagementsystemdesignedandanalyzedtodemonstratethefeasibilityandeffectivenessoftheproposedmodelisacloud-basedsystemthatemploysadvancedsecuritymeasurestoensuretheprotectionofdataandevidence.Thesystemisbuiltusingvirtualizationtechnology,whichallowsfortheefficientsharingofresourceswhilemaintainingdataandevidenceintegrity.

Multi-levelencryptionisemployedtosecureevidenceateverystageofthedatalifecycle.Encryptionkeysaregeneratedandmanagedinacentralizedmannertoensurethatonlyauthorizedpersonnelcanaccessevidence.Theencryptionkeysareprotectedusingadvancedaccesscontrolmechanismstoensurethatonlyuserswiththeappropriatepermissionscanaccessevidence.

Distributedstorageisusedtoensuredataavailabilityandredundancy.Thesystemusesmultiplestoragenodestostoreevidence,whichincreasesthereliabilityofthestorageinfrastructure.Theuseofdistributedstoragealsomakesiteasiertoscalethesystemasmoreevidenceiscollectedandstored.

Acomprehensiveaccesscontrolmechanismisimplementedtoenforcefine-grainedaccesscontrolpolicies.Accesscontrolpoliciesaredefinedatmultiplelevels,includinguserroles,evidencetypes,andevidencelocations.Theaccesscontrolpoliciesareenforcedusingadvancedaccesscontrolmechanismssuchasattribute-basedaccesscontrolandrole-basedaccesscontrol.

Theprototypeevidencemanagementsystemistestedusingsimulatedscenarios,whichdemonstratetheeffectivenessoftheproposedmodelinmanagingdigitalevidenceincloudcomputingenvironments.Theresultsshowthattheproposedmodelprovidesacomprehensivesolutiontothechallengesfacedinmanagingdigitalevidenceincloudcomputingenvironments.

Inconclusion,theproposedmodelcombinesvirtualization,multi-levelencryption,anddistributedstoragetoensurethesecurityandintegrityofevidence,andcontrolstheaccessanduseofevidencethroughacomprehensiveaccesscontrolmechanism.TheprototypeevidencemanagementsystemdesignedandanalyzedtodemonstratethefeasibilityandeffectivenessoftheproposedmodelisaneffectivesolutionformanagingdigitalevidenceincloudcomputingenvironmentsInadditiontotheproposedmodel,thereareseveralothertechniquesandmethodsthatcanbeusedformanagingdigitalevidenceincloudcomputingenvironments.Onesuchtechniqueisblockchaintechnology,whichprovidesatamper-proofanddecentralizedledgerforstoringevidence.Blockchaintechnologycanalsoprovideatransparentandauditablerecordofalltransactionsrelatedtotheevidence,whichcanhelptoincreasetrustintheevidenceandensureitsintegrity.

Anothertechniqueformanagingdigitalevidenceistheuseofdigitalsignaturesandhashes.Digitalsignaturescanbeusedtoensuretheauthenticityoftheevidence,whilehashescanbeusedtoensuretheintegrityoftheevidencebyprovidingauniquedigitalfingerprintthatcanbeusedtoverifythattheevidencehasnotbeenmodifiedortamperedwith.