探索文学 第四课时

Unit4ExploringliteratureGrammarandusageHowcanwechoosegoodbooks?FreetalkHaveareviewofthethreequalitiesofgoodliteraryworks.Then,thinkofthefollowingquestions:Howcanwechoosegoodbooks?Whatareyoursuggestions?ReadthepassageonPage48andgetsomeideasabouttheanswerstothequestion.MakingsuggestionsMakingsuggestionsExpressingnecessityTostartwith,askyourfriends,parentsandteacherstorecommendwhatbooksyououghttoread.You

could

alsoreadbookreviewsinnewspapers,inmagazinesoronline.However,you

mustalsodecideforyourselfwhatkindofbookstoread.Exploringtherules1.Readthepassageagainandfindtheothersentencesthatusemodalverbs,identifyingtheirfunctionsrespectively.AndthenfillinthetableonPage48.CheckyouranswersSuggestionWhatshallIread?AbilityNecessityPossibility…youcangetideasfromdifferentsources…Youcouldalsoreadbookreviewsinnewspapers,inmagazinesoronline.Teachersinparticularcanprovidesuggestionsforinterestingreadingmaterialsthatcanbefoundinthelibraryorbookshopeasily.Abookreviewcanoftentellyouwhetherabookisworthreadingornot.…whatbooksyououghttoread.However,youmustalsodecideforyourselfwhatkindofbookstoread.Youdonothavetoreadabookjustbecauseeveryonerecommendsit.Youmighthaveaskedyourselfthisquestionmorethanonce.Theseideasshouldpointyouintherightdirection.…youmayfindyourselfbetterabletoseekoutbookstoyourtaste…ConcludetherulesSuggestionshould,oughtto,could,can,shallAbilitycan,couldNecessitymust,haveto,should,oughttoPossibilitymay,might,could,should,mustModalverbscanexpressabilityornecessity.Theycanalsomakesuggestionsordescribetheprobabilityofanevent.Thesamemodalverbcanhavedifferentfunctions.Modalverbscanbefollowedby__________.*Youcanchoosemorethanoneanswerfortheblank.a.do(thebaseform)d.bedone(thepassivevoice)b.doing(theverb-ingform)e.bedoing(thecontinuousform)c.did(thepastform) f.havedone(theperfectform)a,d,e,fExploringtherules2.Trytoidentifythedifferencesbetweenvariousmodalverbsforthesamefunction.ExploringtherulesSuggestionWhatshallIread?…youcangetideasfromdifferentsources…Youcouldalsoreadbookreviewsinnewspapers,inmagazinesoronline.ShallIopenthedoor?Shallwemeetat6o’clock?WhatshallIdoforthemeeting?ExploringtherulesYouuse

shall

with“I”and“we”inquestionsinordertomakeoffersorsuggestions,ortoaskforadvice.

“Could”isnormallyusedtogive

mildadvice

ortosuggesta

solution

tosomeproblem.ExploringtherulesAbilityTeachersinparticularcanprovidesuggestionsforinterestingreadingmaterialsthatcanbefoundinthelibraryorbookshopeasily.Abookreviewcanoftentellyouwhetherabookisworthreadingornot.Bythetimeshewaseight,she______readGreekandLatin.Hefellintotheriver,buthe__________swimtothebank.

Modalverbsforability:can,could,beabletocouldwasabletoExploringtherules“Could”canbeusedasthepasttenseof“can”tosaywhatsomeonewasabletodoorwasallowedtodointhepast.Whentalkingaboutwhathappenedinaparticularsituation,weuse“was/wereableto”or“managedto”insteadof“could”.ExploringtherulesNecessity…whatbooksyououghttoread.However,youmustalsodecideforyourselfwhatkindofbookstoread.Youdonothavetoreadabookjustbecauseeveryonerecommendsit.You

_______________wear

ascarf.It’sverycoldoutside.You_______obeytherules,otherwiseIwouldpunishyou.It’sfiveo’clock.I________leavenow.Modalverbsfornecessity:should,oughtto,must,havetooughtto(should)musthavetoExploringtherulesWeuse“must”whensayingthatitisveryimportantthatsomeonedoessomething,becausesomeoneinauthorityorarulesaysthis,orbecauseofthesituation.Weuse“haveto”whenweneedtodosomethingbecauseitisnecessaryorimportant.ExploringtherulesPossibilityYoumighthaveaskedyourselfthisquestionmorethanonce.Theseideasshouldpointyouintherightdirection.…youmayfindyourselfbetterabletoseekoutbookstoyourtaste…—Where’sRose?—I’mnotsure.She

________________

be

athome.

Youhaven’teatenallday.You

_____be

hungry.Idon’tbelieveit.It______(not)betrue.Modalverbsforprobability:may,might,could,must,can,shouldmay/might/couldmustcan’tExploringtherulesWeuse“may,mightandcould”tosaythatsomethingis

possible,butnotcertain.Weuse

“must”

toshow

wearesure

somethingistrue.Weuse

“can’t

or

cannot”

tosaythatsomethingis

impossible.ExploringtherulesMydrycleaningshouldbereadytomorrow.It’s5o’clock.Theyshouldhavearrived.

Weuse“should”tosuggest

somethingistrue

and

wehavereasons

foroursuggestion.ExploringtherulesItcanbeverycoldinAprilinNanjing.Wilddogscanbedangerous.

Weuse“can”tomake

generalstatements

about

whatispossible.Workingroupsandtrytogiveoneexampleforeach

case.(1)Hemustbeastudent,forheiswearingaschool

uniform.(2)—Canhebereadingnow?—Yes,hemustbereadingnow.Thelightisstillon.(3)Ididn’thearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.Exploringtherules1.TurntoPage49andfinishB1onthispage.2.Checktheanswers.Tellthereasonsforyourchoices.QuestionChoiceFunctionofthemodalverbsinthechoiceFunctionofthemodalverbsintheothersentences.1aPermissionAbility2cPermissionPossibility3bPossibilityNecessity4cNecessityPossibilityApplyingtherulesQuestionChoiceFunctionofthemodalverbs1can’tAbility2mustPossibility3couldAbility4mustNecessity5canAbility6shouldNecessity7oughttoNecessityApplyingtherulesWhatdidthewriterthinkofreadingDickens’sAChristmasCarolatfirst?Howdiditturnout?Whatcanwelearnfromthebook,accordingtotheauthor?Choosepropermodalverbsandusetheproperformstocompletethesentences.1.shall/will(1)Ihavetoldhimagainandagaintostopsmoking,buthe_________listen.(2)_________youcomewithmetovisitUncleBill?(3)_________westarttheprojectrightnow?2.must/need(1)You_________smokeinthehospital.Itisbadforthepatients.(2)We_________getuptooearlytomorrowmorning.won’tWillShallmustn’tneedn’t3.can/beableto(1)He_________swimacrosstheEnglishChannel,buthedidn’tfeellikeitthatday.(2)Mary_____________________playthepianosinceshewas5.4.should/oughtto(1)—Idon’tcarewhatpeoplethink.—Well,you_________.(2)Don’taskme!How_________Iknow?(3)TryphoningMike—he_________behomebynow.couldcan/hasbeenabletoshould/oughttoshouldshouldTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.过马路时越小心越好。You___________________________crosstheroad.2.凡事都有两面性。动听的歌曲有时候对别人来说就是噪声。Everythinghastwosides.Beautifulsongs,sometimes,___________________________.3.我们学校的一个规定是每个学生在校期间都得穿校服。Oneofourschoolrulesisthateverystudent_________________________________whileatschool.4.我再也不会那样做了。I___________________________thatagain.can’tbetoocarefultocan/maybenoisetoothers

hasto/shallwearaschooluniformwill/wouldneverdoB2

Belowisanentryinastudent’sreadingjournal.Completetheentrywiththecorrectmodalverbsinthebrackets.can’tmustcouldmustcanshouldoughtto(根据2016全国卷II改编)Fillintheblankswithproperwords.Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,you(1)_____________takeastepbackandidentifythoseofgreaterandlessimportance.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof(2)

_____________(achieve).Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow(3)_____________(be)oftenacceptable.Mostofusaremorefocused(4)_____________ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.So,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive(5)

_____________possiblebeforelunch.This(6)_____________giveyoutheconfidenceyouneedtogetyouthroughtheafternoonandgohomefeelingaccomplished.shouldachievementisonaswill/canRecent(7)

_____________(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks(8)

_____________(regular).Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsideforawhile,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you’llbelesslikely(9)

_____________(bring)yourworkhome.It(10)

_____________beanything—gardening,cooking,music,sports—butwhateveritis,makesureit’sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.studiesregularlytobringcould/can3.Ingroups,makerulesforyourschool

libraryusingmodalverbs.(1)Whatisarule?Whatmodalverbscanbeusedtodescriberules?(2)Fromwhataspectswouldyouliketogiverulesforyourschoollibrary?ApplyingtherulesAruleisastatementexplainingwhatsomeonecanorcannotdoinaparticularsystem,gameorsituation.Modalverbsthatareusedtodescribepermissionornecessity:must,can,mustn’t,can