2021年托福阅读回忆和解析参考答案

经典word整理文档，仅参考，双击此处可删除页眉页脚。本资料属于网络整理，如有侵权，请联系删除，谢谢！今天阅读总体难度比较适中，加试比较普遍，并且由于今天的考试是加场的，所以旧题重复率很高，重复范围为2015-2018年；今天的自然科学是考的最多的，包括天文地质等，积累相关的专业的词汇做题可能更加轻松自信哦。第一段：引出话题+1inthethreeinstoslowfactorsforthedecline.thetheleasttorelate,ashiftinfairthetwelfththirteenthcenturiesaturnfortheinthefourteenth.stree-ringpollenanalysisallindicatethatthethefourteenthcentury’sdeclined—likelittlefirst,ifprojectionsthepossibleeffectsintheshiftisaratherdifferenttheshorteningtheaffectingtheresiliencecertainspecies,therainthatyieldsdeclinedprecipitouslytheagriculturaltocontract.suppliescostsroseintothecapitalthatavailableforinturntotheconstructionthesignificantinthegeopoliticsthedeclinethetheeasterntheinterruptiontraderoutestocentraleasternrisepoliticalsignaledaeraininreligiousloyaltyethnicfidelitythanties.theservicestointerestinexploringintotheAtlanticinfact,originatedinthedesiretotheintheeasterntotapdirectlyintothetradeeasternthatsustainedsAthesputteringsincetheeleventhcenturytherefewsignificantintheagriculture.likethetherotationthenaturalfertilizerthatpossibletheagriculturalrevolutionthestillintheitinalargertotherelittlelefttofreshcapital.afellperilouslyclosetosubsistencelevel.thefailureagriculturetothedidacrisisuntilthefourteenthclearthealreadythethethirteenthoccasionallylowyieldstosocialdisruptionrevealedperiloustheEhecreditcrisis,thecyclehardlyinevitable,thestringfailurescollapsesinthefirsthalfthefourteenthcenturystriking.(thelargestfinancialcollapsedspectacularlyinthe1340s.thetheafloatforcollapsedinturn.第一段：冰川在堆积形成过程中，巨大的质量会对地表造成重力压力，导致地表下陷（depression）irques,albedoareicethatlandinareasathanfallscrystals,theisintoagrains.theairthemislessenedthegrainsfurtherrefreezing,increasedfromthearecrystallizedstageintermediateflakesicefirn.additionalpressure,refrozenfromthefirnlarger,interlockedcrystalsglacialice.theiceisthickusuallythethefirntheicecrystalsthebottomtoplastictoflowfromtheareaarethesystemstheglacialsystemisbasicclimaticvariables:precipitationaglaciertoitstheresufficienttothelosstheglacierlosessolidtotheseatolargelakes.IfarefortoothenallthefromtheisessentialforaglaciertoAsurplustoforthepressurethetotransformburiedintoglacialiceafortheicetoareclassifiedfaster-flowingglaciersglaciers.arescyclearetotheinthetotal2Earthsiscurrentlyfrozenice.afigure,sincethe’sisiceinglaciers,themajorityitinAntarctica.totaliceisifestimatethereleasedthethe’sglaciers.levelrisethetheIncontrast,icesealeveldrastically.thelasticesealevelinittheglacialrain,returnsrapidlytotheseathethataglacierisinacyclingstorediniceformforreleasedagainintotheliquidsystemInthethisiceisstatic.thelandcarvingintothetherebythetheyfinallydebrisinfarfromitsoriginallocation.aresult,glacierscreateavarietythatafterthesurfaceisreleasedfromitsicyEarth’shistory,glaciersdidexist,theEarthslandsurfaceisglaciers.glaciersareinAntarctica,inelevationsallthecontinentsAustralia.Inthepast,from2.4milliontonearlyathirdEarthslandareaperiodicallyicethick.Inthedistantpast,iceliveinSwamps？&年代的反驳观点：&extinctateisdifficult,inferaspectstheirdietaryTraditionally,thisderivedfromdirectindirectestablishingacorrelationparticularcharacteristicsdietslivingtheninferringhabitsforcatslarge,stabbingteeththefronttheequallysharpteethfartherintheirthesearealsosharpteethpredatorytoolsislikerabbits,flatteeththethejawthataretothefunctionthemeat-slicingstabbingteethcarnivores,theteeththesegrindshreddigestion.cluesexistinpartstheskull.jawjointcatsthethelevelthetooththetocloseforcingtheteethtotheteethprecision.Inrapidjawclosureislesstheflatteethlikethesidetosidefronttojawjointslieadifferentlevelthanthetoothtransversetearing,material.Iftoextinctinferdietary(suchcarnivorythediet.billedareaajawjointisthelevelthetooththemgrindfibrousvegetation.Paleontologistsliketospecificadinosaur'sdietthandifferentiatingcarnivorefromfinerlevelresolutionrequiresdirectfossilarerarelypresent,allowtoexactlytheseeating.Inthe(aarefromjuvenilethespecies.thesetothatthisbirthtoliveratherthanlayingresearchindicatedthatthetoolargetootoprehatchlingInaddition,thejuvenilesinsidethecavitydifferentsizes.thepointstothethatthesearethethat,adult,leastinaFossilizedarerestrictedtoInafewrarethem“”(unusuallyfossilizedinsidethecavitypaleontologiststhatthesestreamratherthanfinaltheseisthecollectedtheInthecavitythisisintheinarethefossilconiferfruits.findsinfromalsoreported,indicatingthatleastfedthesortstressthatareintoday'sAformdirectfromcoprolites(fossilizedbodilyfossillocalitiescoprolites.yieldthedietaryhabitspartsplantsareresistanttothedigestivethelittlealteration.coprolitesindicatedthatthedietsrelativelydiverse,tospecialists,feedingparticularplants.inferringdietsfromcoprolitesisthedifficultyinaccuratelyassociatingaparticularcoproliteaspecificJupitersloCallistototheGalileotheJupiter'ssatellites.Callisto,theJupiter'slargestsatellites,orbitstheinadistancefromJupitermillionCallistorotatesintheperioditsoitthefaceJupiter.Itssurfaceis-140°soiceisstableitssurfaceCallistoathethatItsisone-thirdgreat,itsdensityone-thirdtellsthatCallistofarlessthemetallicmaterialsintheplanetsinsteadicyitsinterior.Callistofullydifferentiated,separatedintolayersdifferentdensitymaterials.tellthatitlacksafromthedetailsitsgravitationaltheGalileocloseflybys.factsurprisedscientists,thatallthebigicydifferentiated.Itiseasierforicytodifferentiatethanforasincetheiceissoalittleheatingsoftentheicethestarted,thetosinktothetheslushyicetofloattothesurface.CallistotofrozensolidthedifferentiationthesurfaceCallistoiscraters.thesecraterstellsthaticyformretaincratersinitssurface.Inthinkingicesofarfromtheitistoitsfromthattheicethethesolaricethesurfaceisnearlysimilarly.IceCallistoflowlikeiceinglaciersCallistoistheplanet-sizedobjectsthesolarsysteminitsinteriorforcestodrivesatellitegeologicallyforthanbillionJupiter'ssatellitesthelargestinsolarisalsocratered,lesssothanCallisto.itssurfacetooldheavilycratered;therestrecently,tellthesparsecraterstherelativefreshnessthecraters.isadifferentiatedliketheterrestrialplanets.itsgravityfieldtellthatthetoformathesizeacrusticefloatingit.Inaddition,theGalileothatafield,thesignatureapartiallyinterior.isaratheraplaceactivityinternalitssurfacehalfabillionterrainistheresulttectonicforces.featuresthecrustfloodingthecratersfromtheinterior.fromthecrust,ridgesparallelvalleystoapart.Incraterssplitpulledapart.areindicationslarge-scalecrustalthataresimilartotheplatetectonicsisdifferentfromCallisto?PossiblythedifferenceinsizeinternalheatingtheledtothisintheirlikelythegravityJupiteristoforactivity.isclosetoJupiterthattidalforcesfromtheepisodicallyitsinteriortriggereditscrust.ProsperityintheInthelatesixteenthcenturyintothethethatliftedittherelativelylessperiod(fromthetothelatethefactorsthisincreasedagriculturalproductivitytrade.theruraladditionaltofeedthesixteenthlandintocultivationtheforests(low-lyinglandintheinthesixteenthcenturiesthespectacularthethethanacresfromtothepotentialforlayinfirsttosleepyvillages.villages,generallylayinrelativelyagriculturalpermittingthealsotheagriculturalfortotraderoutes.Increasedagriculturalinturnfacilitatedruralindustry,intrinsictheindustry.textileinparticular,utilizedruralcottageplentifulrurallabor.Inthestates,thetheThirtyfurthertextileintothefamiliesclothlinensforintotradingalsointhiscarryingryefromtheBalticstatessmall-scaleparticularlyhandicrafts,textiles,inpartsnorthernItaly,thestates,partsironcreatefinancialservicescontributedtothetrade.thethesixteenthfinancierstradersbillsinplacesilverforBillstheiroriginsinItaly,(writtentoaspecifiedacertaindate)thatsoldtothirdparties.Inthistheycredit.financierslightlytradebillsthansailwater."tocarrysilverfromainMarseilletothetheinguilders,thethenabilltoainauthorizingthetotheMarseilleintheafterthetakenBillscontributedtothetountiltheeighteenthdidthethetocapitalforprincipalfunctiontoforthestate.rapidininternationaltradealsobenefittedfrominfusioncapital,largelyfromsilvervesselsfromthecapitalthestorage,trade,creditincreasedcredittostatesjoint-stockpartnerships—(thefirstinshort-termfinancialinvestorsforasinglejoint-stockcapitaltheinvestorsinthesixEarthAfluidisaaliquidintheparticles(usuallyfloweasilytothetheircontainers.relatedtothefluidsassurfaceresurfaceaderivetheirfromthethegravitationalforcestheitself.thesefluidsinteractsurfacematerials,theyparticlesreactthemtomaterials.asolidaatinyfractiontheplanetarysurfacefluids.thethesefluidsdrasticallyalteraplanet.terrestrialplanetsearthareplanetsidenticalarethesize,arethematerials,theirthedifferently,largelydifferencesintheirdistancefromtheasignificantinternalheat,togeologicallyactiverifting,folding.itlackssignasystemcirculationdistribution):therearelakes,glaciers.thatstartedittoitsinliquidreceivesfromthereleasedfromtheinteriorrosetothethesultraviolettheapart.thefreedintolostitslesslesslikeEarthfilledactsacreatingintenseeffectdrivingsurfacetoleadtoprohibitthecontinuallyintotheliquidfromtheitfromtoformliquidtofromthethelevelintheEarthislargetogeologicallyactiveforitsgravitationalfieldtoitisjusttherightdistancefromthesothatallowtoexistaliquid,asolid,aisrapidlytheinathetheinfromthetothetheinriverultimatelytothearesult,Earth’ssurfacecontinuallyintodelicaterivervalleys—acontrasttothesurfacesplanetarycratersareasEartharesult,rivervalleysarethefeatureitsSimilarly,actionfineparticlesfromlargeareas,depositingtheminsheetsloess.fluidaregravityflowfromthetheinthereactthesurfacetoformdifferentproperties.thistheEarth’sfromitstoformifearthalittleclosertotheitsifitfartherfromthethefreezesolid.liquidpresent,self-replicatinglifeearlyinEarth’shistoryradicallyitssurface,blanketingpartsthecontinentsLifethrivesthisplanet,itcreatetheplanet’snitrogen-richStabilityflexibly,theirparticularstructurethespecifichistorythearea.theterm“succession”torefertothethatinfirstinaiscalledathelong-livedtheiscalledaaresaidtofrom1to—inthespecies—aregreaterthanecologiststudiesafinditrelativelyinasfishthefishtendtothefromtothesaythatthepropertiesarestablethanthethattheecologistsbelievedthatspeciesdiversitystable.believedthatthegreaterthediversitythestabletheforthisideafromthethatlong-lastingusuallyspeciesdiversitythanthatthestabilitytheirtakeasinglearesounstablethattheinvasionasingledestroytheentireIncontrast,aaforest,toleratefromtopests.questionstabilityisfirstisthatecologistsall“stability”StabilitydefinedlackInthatthethestable,since,definition,ittheleastAlternatively,stabilitydefinedthereturnstoaparticularformaafire.stabilityisalsocalledresilience.Inthatthefragiletheleaststable,sincetheyrequiretoreturntothestate.thestabilitydefinedlackisassociateddiversity.leastindiversityisofteninstages,intheaforestforthespeciestheindividualstheforestfloorareIndiversity,itself,stability.likewisethatdiversity—justtheinfact.Asystemis,inlikelythanasystemtoAfifteen-speedracingbicycleislikelytothanachildstricycle.areespeciallyinterestedtofactorscontributetotheresiliencealltheareseverelyactivities.destructiontheintheStates,forpalesintothedestructiontoaspectsaaretothecommunity’sresistancetodestruction,itsecologiststhinkthattherelativelong-termstabilityfromdiversityfromthepatchiness”thethatvariesfromplacetoplacethanthatisAlocalthatextinctisreplacedfromiftheisadifferentspecies,itfillthetheextincttheintact.irrigationIrrigationIrrigationistheapplicationcontrolledtoplantsintervals.Irrigationagriculturalrevegetatedisturbedsoilsindryareaslessthanrainfall.speciesare(livingtheseafloor);theytheseaspecieslivefouling(plantsthatlivepilings,artificialsurfaces).attachtospecificsurfaces,arerathernonselective.In2theseafloor.definesthecontinentalshelf,thelargelytheprotectionthatLifetheshelfintheseaisquitedifferentinthedistinctiontheistheisthethereisjustlightforalgaetothatallthefactorsthatareinfluentialinthedistributionarelightabioticfactorscriticalinthedistributionaredurationtidaldesiccation(dryingout),actionsalinity,availabilitynutrients.areasthefavorabletodiversityincludesidesthePacificAustralia,theverticaldistributionsarelimitedintheavailabilitytherefore,latitude,seaItthattheverticaldistributionalgaetheir(photosyntheticthana),thethetheircharacteristiccolors,aadaptation.lightpenetratesincoastaltheredalgaeredalgaetotothegreatestItthatredthatarerapidlyinthealgaeintermediatelight,algaetointermediatetotheadaptationtherecordfeet)forisheldaspeciesredalgaefromthethealgaRhipiliopsisisclosethisrecordfeet).adaptationintheforuntilitrealizedthatdidnecessarilythatthedistribution(thematerial),concentrationthespecializedtheabilitytoaltertheiraffectsthedistributiongreatestdiversityalgalspeciesisintropicalnorththethespeciesthespeciesaredifferent.algaeinlatitudesareperennials,thattheylivethanthethealgaalive,afewcells,oftenastructures.theinthethisinitiatesisusuallyalimitingfactorforalgaethatliveintropicalsubtropicalseas,inintertidalareas(thoseareaslowtides)toocontributetomortalitythetheyshelter.latitudes,freezingiceeliminatefromtheintertidalshallowsubtidalfiresrecentlyincreasedinintensityinforesttheStates.increaseinfiresresultedpartlyfromclimate(thetrenddrypartlyfromactivities,forthatforestersincreasinglytorelativeisstillfactoristhedirecteffectoftenturnsaforestintoapilekindlingfortheinaforesttreetops,leftthearecartedavegetationfurtherincreasingtheforest’sthetreesarethefire-resistantindividuals,leavingtrees.factoristhattheStatesinthefirstthethepolicyfire(attemptingtoforestfires)forthethatitdidtoinslivestothreatened.’sforestfiretheaftertheitisfirstreported.”FirefightersthataftertofirefightingafewthelandsituationtointhetotheincreasinglargeforestfiresthatessentiallytoextinguishrainlowtotorealizethattheStatesfederalgovernment’sfire-suppressionpolicycontributingtobigfiresthatnaturalfireslightingpreviouslyroleinforeststructure.naturalrolefirevariesaltitude,treespecies,forestslow-altitudeforesthistoricaltreeringsdatablefirescarstreethataforestalightning-litfireanatural(i.e..,fireeffectiveaftertreesthickarerelativelyresistanttofire,insteadtheunderstory—thelayer—fire-sensitivefirseedlingsthatsincethefire.afterasuntilthefire,thoseseedlingplantsarestilltoolowforfiretofromthemintothethetrees.thefiretoaresult,naturalforestsaparklikelowbigtreesapart,arelativelyclearfire-resistantfireforletthefillfirsaplingsthatinturndensitiesincreasedfromtotreesacre,theforestsloadincreasedafactortherepeatedlyfailedtoappropriatetothinthesaplings.afirefinallystartinaforest,tolightningcarelessness(regrettablyoften)intentionalthetallsaplingstreesathatthefiretointothethetrees.isinferno.ForestersidentifytheinforeststoincreasedthatbuiltthehalfcenturyeffectivefireIntheeasternStates,treesrotthaninthedriertreespersistlikeInidealtherestoretheforests,thinthemthecuttingcontrolledfires.politiciantoittothat.PetroleumPetroleumisdefinedaliquid,naturallyoccurringthatconsistschieflyPetroleumisthereforeatermthatoilnaturalPetroleumisnearlyinInthe(tinyfloatingplants)bacteriasingle-celledaretheprincipalthatistrappedburiedintheisburiedinclaythatistoafine-grainedshale.thisaretooilnaturalthecontinentalthethecontinentalthatfinetheseafloorcontainto8additionalthethatpetroleumisatheoilopticalpropertiesinderivedfromoilnitrogencertainbelievedtooriginateinlivingAreactionsisintheoriginalsolidtooiladditionalintheoilaftertheyItisestablishedthatpetroleumaquiferstrappedinreservoirs.Petroleumistooilaretheshaleintheyoriginatedenteratheyreadily(consistingquartzgrains)(consistingarethanshale.forceattractionoilquartzisthanthatquartzoilfastenedtothequartzgrains,oilthecentralpartsthelargerintheoilislighterthanittoglidethequartz-heldInthisoilfromtheitatrap,itformathepetroleumthatinfindasuitabletrapeventuallyitstothesurfacetheItisestimatedthatthan0.1alltheoriginallyburiedinaiseventuallytrappedinoilItissurprising,therefore,thattheratiooiltoisinthan2.5million—sothatlittlethepetroleumaway—thatnearlyalloilsofarinstratathatinthelastmillionthatlessitthatoilinaintoleakoilisthereintheiscontroversialbillionsbarrelsoilalreadytheAlotadditionaloillocateddrillingisstilltoPossiblyaoiltodrilling.coal,theaccuratelytheoilat.thefromacenturydrilling.oilinintensivelydrilledarea,easternexpertsinstructuresaresimilartoineasternthisconsideringallthetheexpertsestimatethatbillionbarrelsoileventuallyalivingintheStates,liveinscatteredsettlements.Inrespects,leisureactivities,theirlifeislikethatthatcontributetothediversesocialfabriccultureinthetwenty-firstthetheyretainedtraditionalculturalpracticesthatareassociatedparticularartthetraditionalritualsthelargefloorpaintings.areactuallythin,finelycontrolledcoloredpulverizedinprecisepatternsthelargestthesepaintingsto5.5intheentirefloorafromtheinsidethetheartisthisassistantssiftthebluish-gray,redmaterialstheirfingerstocreatethefinelydetailedpaintingsinthearedirectedwell-trainedartistssingersenlisttheaidspiritsarerepresentedtopaintings.paintingsserveaidstothesingersthetherituallasttothepaintingsthebasicidealssociety,intheir(beautyItcoexists("ugliness,""evil,""disorder")inaforcesstabilitycreatethecreatedindisorderly,thetoperformritualspaintingstorestoretotheillnessisitselfatherestorationaacuringpaintingsthatareaccuratepaintingsfromthepast.thepaintingsarealsofaithfulrenditionsfromthepast.recreatingthesearts,reflecttheoriginalcreation,thebringtotherelativetotheaplacetheirrulersequallyinhospitable,thecreatedthesearttoaffectthejustthetheactionsthethepaintingsgenerallyillustrateideasfromthelifeaafterthegiftspaintings.fromtheartistsre-createthetraditionalformtheaccuratelypossible.arealsoforthetheirtheflocks,theshearingthethethethethread,thethefabrics.thefaithfulpaintingsfromthetheprinciplestabilityincreatefortheyisathecreativityatheathatunitedearthIttototheytheirmaterialsimitatethethatoriginallycreatedthetheircreatetheynature.Itistheircreatingtherebycontributingtothehealingtheisaseeingtheit.incorporated=exploited==theintrinsicallytosubtle2019年4月14日听力考情回忆啄木鸟教育西安学校秦思思整理点评综合点评fair。pooling和discussroot。style4sister82019年4月14号口语回忆和解析啄木鸟教育韩丽雯北京学校整理点评Task1思路解析：sleephabit,responsible,lifestyle;类似题目：PeoplethethreequalitiesthinkistheforaFriendlinessIfriendtoplaynight.Ist