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穿软硬互层隧道围岩变形破坏模拟研究摘要:隧道工程一直是地下工程中重要的组成部分,而围岩变形破坏是隧道工程中常见的安全问题。本文通过软硬互层隧道围岩变形破坏模拟研究,探讨其变形破坏机理。先采用FLAC3D有限差分法模拟软硬互层构造隧道及其变形破坏特征,并验证模拟结果与现场实测数据进行对比。其次研究了围岩软硬互层变形破坏机理,建立了围岩软硬互层及其与支护体系之间的相互作用模型。在此基础上,本文研究了软硬互层构造隧道围岩变形破坏特征,分析了变形破坏的形成机制。结果表明,软硬互层隧道围岩变形破坏主要表现为切向位移和轴向应变。同时,隧道围岩变形破坏与软硬互层之间的相互作用密切相关,通过优化隧道支护体系、提高围岩控制技术和研究隧道围岩变形破坏机理等手段,可以有效减少隧道变形破坏的发生。
关键词:隧道工程;软硬互层;围岩变形破坏;FLAC3D有限差分法;支护体系;变形破坏机理
Abstract:Tunnelengineeringhasalwaysbeenanimportantpartofundergroundengineering,androckdeformationandfailurearecommonsafetyproblemsintunnelengineering.Inthispaper,throughthesimulationstudyofdeformationandfailureofthesoft-hardinterlayertunnel,thedeformationandfailuremechanismisexplored.Firstly,theFLAC3Dfinitedifferencemethodisusedtosimulatethesoft-hardinterlayerstructuretunnelanditsdeformationandfailurecharacteristics,andthesimulationresultsareverifiedbycomparisonwithfieldmeasureddata.Secondly,themechanismofsoft-hardinterlayerdeformationandfailureofsurroundingrockisstudied,andtheinteractionmodelbetweenthesoft-hardinterlayerandthesupportsystemisestablished.Onthisbasis,thedeformationandfailurecharacteristicsofthesoft-hardinterlayerstructuretunnelsurroundingrockarestudied,andthemechanismofdeformationandfailureformationisanalyzed.Theresultsshowthatthedeformationandfailureofthesoft-hardinterlayertunnelsurroundingrockismainlymanifestedastangentialdisplacementandaxialstrain.Atthesametime,thedeformationandfailureoftunnelsurroundingrockiscloselyrelatedtotheinteractionbetweenthesoft-hardinterlayer.Byoptimizingthetunnelsupportsystem,improvingrockcontroltechnology,andstudyingthedeformationandfailuremechanismoftunnelsurroundingrock,theoccurrenceoftunneldeformationandfailurecanbeeffectivelyreduced.
Keywords:Tunnelengineering;soft-hardinterlayer;rockdeformationandfailure;FLAC3Dfinitedifferencemethod;supportsystem;deformationandfailuremechanismInordertostudythedeformationandfailuremechanismoftunnelsurroundingrock,theFLAC3Dfinitedifferencemethodcanbeused.Thismethodcansimulatethedeformationandfailureprocessoftunnelsurroundingrockunderdifferentworkingconditions,whichcanprovideatheoreticalbasisforthedesignandconstructionoftunnelengineering.
Inaddition,theoptimizationofthetunnelsupportsystemcaneffectivelycontrolthedeformationandfailureoftunnelsurroundingrock.Thesupportsystemshouldbeselectedbasedonthecharacteristicsofthesoft-hardinterlayer,andappropriatemeasurescanbetakentopreventinstabilityandcollapseofthesurroundingrock.
Moreover,theimprovementofrockcontroltechnologyisessentialforthesafetyandstabilityoftunnelengineering.Strengtheningthemonitoringandearlywarningsystem,usingadvancedrockreinforcementmaterials,andadoptingeffectivegroutingtechniquescaneffectivelycontrolthedeformationandfailureoftunnelsurroundingrock.
Therefore,thestudyofthesoft-hardinterlayerandthedeformationandfailuremechanismoftunnelsurroundingrockisofgreatsignificanceforthesafeandstableconstructionoftunnelengineering.Throughthecomprehensiveuseofthesemethodsandtechniques,theoccurrenceoftunneldeformationandfailurecanbeeffectivelyreduced,ensuringthesafetyandstabilityoftunnelengineeringprojectsInrecentyears,theapplicationofsupportingtechnologiessuchasgroutingandanchoringhasbecomeincreasinglymatureintunnelengineering.Groutingtechnologycanimprovethesurroundingrockmassqualityandreducethepermeabilityoftherockmassaroundthetunnel.Atthesametime,rockboltscanreinforcethestabilityofthesurroundingrock,butthesemethodshavelimitations.
Inordertofurtherensurethesafetyandstabilityoftunnelengineering,itisnecessarytoexploreothereffectivemethods.Oneofthemethodsistheuseoffiber-reinforcedpolymer(FRP)compositematerialtoreinforcethesoft-hardinterlayeroftunnelsurroundingrock.FRPhastheadvantagesofhighstrength,goodcorrosionresistance,lightweight,andeasyconstruction.TheuseofFRPcaneffectivelyimprovethestrengthandstiffnessofthesoft-hardinterlayer,resistdeformationandfailure,andreducetheoccurrenceoftunnelcollapse.
Anothereffectivemethodistostrengthenthedrainagecapacityofthetunnel.Theimproperdrainageofwaterinthetunnelisoneofthemainfactorsleadingtothedeformationandfailureofthesurroundingrockofthetunnel.Installingdrainageequipmentinthetunnelcaneffectivelydischargewaterinatimelymanner,reducewaterseepageintherockmass,andavoidthedamagecausedbywaterpressuretothesurroundingrock.
Inaddition,theapplicationofmonitoringandearlywarningsystemsisalsoofgreatsignificanceforthesafeandstableconstructionoftunnelengineering.Byinstallingvarioussensorsinthetunnel,suchasinclinometers,settlementgauges,andstraingauges,thedeformationandfailureofthesurroundingrockcanbemonitoredinrealtime.Ifthedeformationexceedsthesetvalue,itcantriggeranearlywarningsystemtoalerttheconstructionpersonneltotaketimelymeasurestodealwithit.
Overall,thesafeandstableconstructionoftunnelengineeringrequiresthecomprehensiveuseofvariousmethodsandtechnologies,includingstrengtheningthesoft-hardinterlayer,improvingthedrainagecapacityofthetunnel,andinstallingmonitoringandearlywarningsystems.Withtheuseofthesemethods,thedeformationandfailureoftunnelsurroundingrockcanbeeffectivelycontrolled,ensuringthesafeandstableconstructionoftunnelengineeringprojectsInadditiontotheaforementionedmethods,thereareseveralothertechniquesthatarecommonlyusedintunnelengineeringtoensuresafeandstableconstruction.Theseincludegrouting,shotcreting,blastprotectionmeasures,andgroundfreezing.
Groutingisamethodofinjectingaliquidorslurrymixtureintothesurroundingrocktofillincracksandvoids,creatingamorestablegroundstructure.Thistechniqueiscommonlyusedinsoftgroundconditionsorareaswithhighwatertables.Thegroutmixturemayconsistofcement,sand,andwaterormaybeachemicalsolutiondependingonthespecificconditionsofthesite.
Shotcretinginvolvessprayingaconcretemixontothetunnelwallstocreateareinforcedlayerofconcrete.Thistechniqueiscommonlyusedintunnelswithunstableorweakrockformations.Shotcreteprovidesimmediatesupporttotheexcavationandhelpspreventfurtherdeformationofthesurroundingrock.
Blastprotectionmeasuresinvolveusingshieldingstructuresorbarrierstoprotectnearbystructuresandpersonnelfrompotentialblastdamageduringconstruction.Thesemeasuresarecriticalinareaswithdensepopulationsorbuildingsthatcouldbeaffectedbytheshockwavesgeneratedduringblasting.
Groundfreezingisatechniqueusedinareaswithhighwatertablesorunstablesoilconditions.Thismethodinvolvesdrillingaseriesoffreezepipesintothegroundandcirculatingrefrigerantthroughthemtofreezethesurroundingsoil.Thiscreatesastablebarrierthatpreventsgroundwaterfromenteringtheexcavationsite,allowingforsafeandstableconstruction.
Inconclusion,thesafeandstableconstructionoftunnelengineeringprojectsrequiresacomprehensiveapproachthatintegratesvariousmethodsandtechnologies.Thesemethodsincludesoft-hardinterlayerstrength
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