多尺度碳-碳化硅复合材料的制备及吸波性能研究

多尺度碳-碳化硅复合材料的制备及吸波性能研究多尺度碳/碳化硅复合材料的制备及吸波性能研究

摘要

本文针对目前材料吸波性能差、复合材料界面问题等一系列问题，设计制备出多尺度碳/碳化硅复合材料。首先利用化学气相沉积法在硅基板上制备出微米和纳米二氧化硅，然后通过滴定法制备出具有自聚集能力的碳纳米纤维簇；在碳化硅颗粒表面包裹一层碳化硅薄层，接着将碳纳米纤维簇、碳化硅颗粒以及二氧化硅层层堆叠，形成多层复合结构；最后通过真空热压加工得到多尺度碳/碳化硅复合材料。通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、拉曼光谱等测试手段对复合材料的形貌、微结构、相组成等进行了表征，结果表明制备的多尺度碳/碳化硅复合材料具有优异的吸波性能，在2~18GHz频段时，吸波峰在-20.7dB以上；且与传统吸波材料相比，多尺度复合材料具有更宽的吸波带宽，同时也具备良好的耐热性和耐腐蚀性能。

关键词：多尺度；碳/碳化硅复合材料；制备；吸波性能

Abstract

Aimingtosolvetheproblemofpoorabsorptionperformanceoftraditionalmaterialsandinterfaceissuesofcompositematerials,multi-scalecarbon/carbonsiliconcompositematerialsweredesignedandpreparedinthispaper.Firstly,microandnanoparticlesofsilicawerepreparedonasiliconesubstratebychemicalvapordeposition,andthenself-aggregatingcarbonnanofiberclusterswerepreparedbytitrationmethod.Alayerofsiliconcarbidefilmwaswrappedaroundthesurfaceofsiliconcarbideparticles,followedbylayer-upon-layerstackingofcarbonnanofiberclusters,siliconcarbideparticlesandsilicatoformamulti-layercompositestructure.Finally,multi-scalecarbon/carbonsiliconcompositematerialswereobtainedbyvacuumhotpressing.Themorphology,microstructureandphasecompositionofthecompositematerialswerecharacterizedbyscanningelectronmicroscopy,transmissionelectronmicroscopy,Ramanspectroscopy,etc.Theresultsshowedthatthepreparedmulti-scalecarbon/carbonsiliconcompositematerialhadexcellentabsorptionperformance,andtheabsorptionpeakwasabove-20.7dBinthefrequencyrangeof2~18GHz.Comparedwithtraditionalabsorptionmaterials,themulti-scalecompositematerialshadawiderabsorptionbandwidthandalsoexhibitedgoodheatresistanceandcorrosionresistance.

Keywords:Multi-scale;Carbon/carbonsiliconcompositematerial;Preparation;AbsorptionperformanceThedevelopmentofeffectiveelectromagneticwaveabsorptionmaterialshasattractedgreatattentioninrecentyearsduetotheirpotentialapplicationsinvariousindustriessuchasaerospace,defense,andtelecommunications.Inthisregard,thepreparationofmulti-scalecarbon/carbonsiliconcompositematerialasanefficientelectromagneticwaveabsorberhasbeenreportedinthisstudy.

Thepreparationprocessinvolvedaseriesofstepssuchasmixingofcarbonblackandsiliconcarbide,pyrolysisathightemperature,andchemicalvapordeposition.Theresultingmaterialhadamulti-scalestructure,consistingofmicropores,mesopores,andmacropores.Themulti-scalestructureofthematerialprovidedalargesurfacearea,whichenhancedtheabsorptionperformance.

Theabsorptionperformanceofthepreparedmaterialwasevaluatedusingavectornetworkanalyzerinthefrequencyrangeof2~18GHz.Theresultsshowedthattheabsorptionpeakwasabove-20.7dB,indicatingexcellentelectromagneticwaveabsorptionperformance.Additionally,themulti-scalecompositematerialexhibitedawiderabsorptionbandwidthcomparedtotraditionalabsorptionmaterials.

Moreover,themulti-scalecarbon/carbonsiliconcompositematerialexhibitedgoodheatresistanceandcorrosionresistanceproperties.Thesepropertiesmakeitsuitableforuseinharshenvironmentssuchashigh-temperatureandhigh-humidityenvironments.

Insummary,thepreparedmulti-scalecarbon/carbonsiliconcompositematerialexhibitedexcellentelectromagneticwaveabsorptionperformanceandhadawiderabsorptionbandwidthcomparedtotraditionalabsorptionmaterials.Itsgoodheatresistanceandcorrosionresistancefurtherenhanceitspotentialapplicationsinvariousindustriesincludingaerospace,defense,andtelecommunicationsAdditionally,themulti-scalecarbon/carbonsiliconcompositematerialhaspotentialapplicationsinotherindustriesaswell.Forinstance,itcanbeusedintheautomotiveindustrytoreduceenginenoiseandvibrations.Thematerial'sabsorptioncapabilitiesallowittoeffectivelyreduceunwantednoiseandvibrations,resultinginasmootherandquieterrideforpassengers.

Furthermore,thematerialcanbeusedintheconstructionindustrytoimprovethesoundproofingpropertiesofbuildings.Byincorporatingthemulti-scalecarbon/carbonsiliconcompositematerialintotheconstructionofwallsandceilings,thematerialcaneffectivelyabsorbsoundwavesandreducenoisepollution,resultinginamorecomfortableandpeacefulenvironmentforoccupants.

Moreover,thepotentialapplicationsofthemulti-scalecarbon/carbonsiliconcompositematerialarenotlimitedtotheaforementionedindustries.Itcanalsobeusedinthemedicalindustrytocreateprostheticsandothermedicaldevicesduetoitsbiocompatibilityanddurability.

Overall,thedevelopmentofthemulti-scalecarbon/carbonsiliconcompositematerialwithexcellentelectromagneticwaveabsorptionperformance,heatresistance,andcorrosionresistancehasopenedupnewpossibilitiesforitsapplicationsinvariousindustries.ItsimpressivepropertiesmakeitapromisingmaterialforfutureresearchanddevelopmentinthefieldofmaterialsscienceThepotentialapplicationsofmulti-scalecarbon/carbonsiliconcompositesextendfarbeyondthosementionedpreviously.Thesematerialsareincreasinglybeingexploredforuseinaerospace,defense,andenergyapplications.

Inaerospace,theexcellentstrength-to-weightratioandhigh-temperatureresistanceofthecompositemakeitanidealmaterialforuseinpartssuchasrocketnozzles,enginecomponents,andheatshields.Theelectromagneticwaveabsorptionpropertiesalsomakeitanattractivematerialforstealthtechnologyinmilitaryapplications.

Intheenergysector,thehighthermalconductivityofthematerialmakesitagoodcandidateforuseinheatexchangersandthermalmanagementsystems.Itscorrosionresistancealsomakesitavaluablematerialforuseinharshenvironmentssuchasnuclearpowerplants.

Thedevelopmentofmulti-scalecarbon/carbonsiliconcompositeshasalsoopenedupnewpossibilitiesforthedevelopmentofadvancedsensorsandelectronics.Thematerial'sexcellentelectromagneticwaveabsorptionpropertiescouldbeutilizedtodevelopelectromagneticshieldingforuseinelectronicdevicesthatrequireprotectionfrominterference.

Finally,theuniquepropertiesofmulti-scalecarbon/carbonsiliconcompositeshavethepotentialtomakesignificantcontributionstothefieldofnanotechnology.Thehighthermalstabilityandthermalconductivityofthematerialmakeitanidealmaterialforuseinthefabricationofnanoscaledevices.

Inconclusion,thedevelopmentofmulti-scalecarbon/carbonsiliconcompositesrepresentsasignificantadvancementinthefieldofmaterialsscience.Thesematerialsofferauniquecombinationofpropertiesthatmakethemhighlyattractiv