中国古典园林概述全面精炼英文英语园林景观

中国古典园林概述全面精炼英文英语园林景观第1页/共34页Contents1

the

History

ofClassicalChineseGardens2theClassificationofClassicalChineseGardens3ChineseGardenDesign第2页/共34页1

the

History

ofClassicalChineseGardens第3页/共34页ShangZhouQinHanWeiJinSuiTangSongYuanRisingPeriod生成期Transferringperiod转折期HeydayPeriod全盛期MingQingMaturePeriod成熟期MaturelatePeriod成熟后期DynastiesStagesofDevelopment第4页/共34页

ShangandZhouDynasties.Name:"You"(囿)lit."huntingpark”--thehuntinggroundforemperorsandnobleswithoutanyartificialcultivation.--coarse,primitive,bigandnatural.Features:纣为鹿台，七年而成，其大三里，高千尺临望云雨

—《新序·刺奢》“王在灵囿，鹿鹿攸伏。鹿鹿濯濯，白鸟篙篙。王在灵沼，於轫鱼跃。”—《诗经·大雅》第5页/共34页QinandHanDynastiesavillawheretheemperorscanhavearestanddealwiththeaffairsofthestate.

e.g."ShanglinGarden"(上林苑)"WeiyangPalace"(未央宫)"ChanglePalace"(长乐宫)Name:"Yuan"(苑)lit."imperialpark”Feature:第6页/共34页姑苏台第7页/共34页蓬莱山方丈山瀛洲山LayoutoftheJianzhangPalace(建章宫）inShanglinGardenthelayoutof“onepondandthreemountains”(一池三山)第8页/共34页FromtheperiodoftheWeiandJintotheperiodofSouthernandNorthernDynastiesBackground:Chinaexperiencedaperiodofcontinuouswarsandconflicts.Manyofthescholar-officials（士大夫）werebitterlydisappointedandtriedtoevadethesocietybyfindingaspiritualsustenanceinthenaturalworld.Feature:"thegardenwithnatural

mountainsandrivers".第9页/共34页

流觞曲水第10页/共34页SuiandTangDynastiesTheeconomywasflourishingandthecivilizationwasprosperous.Thearchitectsalwayshadtheinterestintheintegrationofthegardenintoliteratureandart.Feature:"thegardenwithimitating

mountainsandrivers"Background:第11页/共34页

大明宫第12页/共34页自居易的履道里宅园第13页/共34页TheSongandtheYuanDynastiesThestageofmaturity

皆台榭亭阁，花木奇石，影映湖山周围胜景，言之难尽。

－吴自牧《梦梁录》第14页/共34页MingDynastyandQingDynastiesThepeaktimeofclassicalgardening--BuildingofImperialGardenswasactivated.E.g.theSummerPalacetheMountainResortinChengde--Thefunctionoflivingwasreinforced.--“gardenofgardens”“园中园”第15页/共34页Yuanye(《园冶》),thefirstmonographdedicatedtogardenarchitectureintheworld,waswrittenbyJiCheng(计成),aMingdynastygardendesigner.BuildingPrinciple:

"Thegardeniscreatedbythehumanhand,butshouldappearasifcreatedbyheaven."

“虽由人作，宛自天开”TheCraftofGardens第16页/共34页2theClassificationofClassicalChineseGardens第17页/共34页PrivateGardens

(私家园林)

ImperialGardens(皇家园林）OwnedbyancientChineseemperors.Ownedmainlybythepainters,thepoets,andotherscholars.BeihaiPark;the

Summer

Palace;theMountainResortinChengdeLandscapeGarden(风景名胜园林)

E.g.Placesforpublicrecreation.WestLake;DamingLakeE.g.TempleGarden(寺庙园林)第18页/共34页ImperialGardens第19页/共34页PrivateGardens第20页/共34页LandscapeGardens第21页/共34页TempleGardens第22页/共34页·HumbleAdministrator‘sGarden

(拙政园)·LingeringGarden(留园)

·MasteroftheNetsGarden

(网师园)·LionGroveGarden(狮子林)

PrivateGardens:FamousPrivateGardensinSuzhou:GeyuanGarden(个园)HeyuanGarden(何园)FamousPrivateGardensinYangzhou:第23页/共34页3ChineseGardenDesign第24页/共34页—obstructivescenery;blockingview(抑景或障景)Thegardenbuildersnevershowthebestpartofthegardenattheverybeginning,buttrytousesomeartisticmethodstoblockthesceneattheentranceofagarden,suchasascreen,arockery,etc.第25页/共34页—

addingtheview（添景）Whenascenicspotisalittlebitfarfromtheviewer,suchasapagoda,orthenaturalhills,kindsofflowers,trees,orotherplantswillbeplantedinthemiddleorneartotheobserversasakindoftransition.第26页/共34页—

vistaline；vista（夹景）

Adistantvieworprospect,especiallyoneseenthroughanopening,asbetweenrowsofbuildingsortrees.第27页/共34页—

oppositescenery;(对景)viewinanoppositeplace

第28页/共34页—

enframedscenery（框景）Itreferstomainlythedoors,thewindows,theholes,ortheframeformedbytheplantsnaturallywilloftenenframetheviewsafarintoaverybeautifulpicture.第29页/共34页—

leakingthroughscenery(漏景)Inwallsofthegardenoronesideofthecorridors,thereareoftensomehollowsorwindows,whichareengravedthroughbytraditionalChinesepicturessuchancientfigures,plants,birdsandanimals.Sopeoplewillhaveaviewfromthehollowpartaboutthegarden.latticewindow第30页/共34页—

borrowedscenery;viewborrowing(借景)Borrowedsceneryistheprincipleof"incorporatingbackgroundlandscapeintothecompositionofagarden"foundintraditionalChinesegardendesign.第31页/共34页①“distantborrowing”(远借)e.g.mountains,forests,rivers,fields&lakes②“adjacentborrowing”(邻借)e.g.neighboringtrees

③“upward