厦大海洋浮游生物学双语课件16垂直分布

VerticaldistributionChapter16Thischapterincludestherepartsofsection:§16.1Verticaldistributioninphytoplankton§16.2VerticaldistributioninzooplanktonVerticaldistributioninphytoplanktonStudiesonthedifferentlayersofwatershowsmuchvariationinthedistributionofthephytoplanktonanditbecomesscarceindeeplayers.Someexamplesonverticaldistributioninphytoplanktonaregivenbellow.§16.1

Quantitativedistributionofcoccolithophoridsasafunctionofdepth,inMay1901,MediterraneanInthisexamplethecoccolithophores,whichbecomerarebelow100m,disappearcompletelyatmorethan500mdepth.VerticaldistributionofthefivemostabundantspeciesofphytoplanktonatCrawford,NY,1960Verticaldistributionofchlorophylla(shaded)anddensity(dashed)ofphaeophytininJapan,132oE)NutrientverticaldistributioninAtlantic,IndianandPacificOceansFromtheexamplesabove,wecansee:phytoplanktonmusthaveadequatelightforphotosynthesisandcandeveloponlyintheupperlayers(photiczone).Phytoplanktonisnotmostabundantinthesuperficialwater,wherelightintensityisgreatest.Manyofthephytoplanktonicorganisms,particularlydiatomscannotmoveindependentlyandsotendtosink.Thosewithahighdensitywill,therefore,remainbelowthelevelofhighproduction.Photosynthesisrequiresanoptimallightintensity.Thelightintensityatsuperficiallayermayhavestronglylight,andUV(ultra-violet)maydamagesomebiologicalmoleculesandaffecttheprocessofphotosynthesis.

VerticaldistributioninzooplanktonThedistributionoftheEuphausiaceaintheNorthAtlanticsetsanexcellentexampleofverticaldistributioninzooplankton.§

16.2SchematicrepresentationoftheverticalandhorizontaldistributionofaNorthAtlanticEnphausiid,onanorth-southsectionpassingbyicelandThecopepod,Anomalocera

patersoni,isfoundinthefirstmeterunderthesurface.Thecopepodmaybeverymuchreduced,asisthecasewithelementswhichbelongtothepleustonandthehyponeuston

VerticaldistributionofthezooplanktonbiomassincoastofFrence.(1:Spring;2:Summer)maybeexpressedbyalogarithmicrelation.Logy=a–kz

When

y

isthebiomass(inwetweight)

z

isthedepth,

a

isaconstantand

k

isacoefficientofdecrease.onanaturalbasisthisgives(a=loga’)y=a’e–kz

intheregionoftheabyssaloftheKurileandKamchatkaTrenches,thebiomassisseveralhundredsofmg/m3atsurface,butonlytenths(1/10)ofamg/m3atadepthof7000-8000m,andthechangesarerepresentedbythefollowingequation:Y=56.2e

-0.00065zRelationshipbetweenzooplanktonbiomassanddepthAgeneralverticalchangeintheplanktonbioma