基于51单片机和NRF24L01的无线温度监控

基于51单片机和NRF24L01的无线温度监控一丶实现功能：以51单片机为核心实现智能化远程无线温度监控。利用18B20温度传感器获取温度信号，将需要测量的温度信号自动转化为数字信号，通过无线模块NRF24L01一对一传送将数据传送到接收机，最终单片机将信号转换成LCD可以识别的信息显示输出。二丶所需原件：51单片机*2DS18B20*1（温度测量范围为-55~+125^C）12M晶振*222uf电容*25V降压至3.3V降压模块*2NRF24101无线模块*21602液晶显示屏*1按键*3蜂鸣器*1发光二极管*1排阻10K*9脚*2四丶NRF12401JI介绍：1、调制，硬件集成OSI链路层；2、具有自动应答和自动再发射功能；3、片内自动生成报头和CRC校验码；4、数据传输率为l

Mb/s或2Mb/s；5、SPI速率为0

Mb/s～10

Mb/s；6、125个频道与其他系列射频器件相兼容；引脚4

mm×4

mm封装；供电电压为～；封装引脚介绍：CE：使能发射或接收；CSN，SCK，MOSI，：SPI引脚端，微处理器可通过此引脚配置：：中断标志位；：电源输入端；VSS：电源地；XC2，XC1：晶体振荡器引脚；：为功率放大器供电，输出为；：天线接口；：参考电流输入；工作模式：工作原理：发射数据时，首先将配置为发射模式：接着把接收节点地址和有效数据按照时序由SPI口写入缓存区，必须在CSN为低时连续写入，而在发射时写入一次即可，然后CE置为高电平并保持至少10μs130μs后发射数据;那么地址应该与接收节点地址一致）功，置高，同时从TX

FIFO中清除;若未收到应答，则自动重新发射该数据(自动重发已开启)，若重发次数(ARC)达到上限，置高，中数据保留以便在次重发或置高时，使IRQ变低，产生中断，通知MCU。最后发射成功时,若CE为低则进入空闲模式1;若发送堆栈中有数据且CE为高，则进入下一次发射;若发送堆栈中无数据且CE为高，则进入空闲模式2。接收数据时,首先将配置为接收模式，接着延迟130μs进入接收状态等待数据的到来。当接收方检测到有效的地址和CRC中，同时中断标志位RX_DR置高，变低，产生中断，通知MCU去取数据。若此时自动应答开启，接收方则同时进入发射状态回传应答信号。最后接收成功时，若CE变低，则进入空闲模式1。在写寄存器之前一定要进入待机模式或掉电模式。SPI配置：SPI指令设置用于SPI接口的常用命令见下表。当CSN为低时，SPI接口开始等待一条指令，任何一条新指令均由CSN的由高到低的转换开始寄存器：读操作写操作五丶温度监测：温度检测模块软件设计DS18B20的测温原理遵循严格的单总线协议，以确保通信数据的准确性，单片机通过时序来写入和读出DS18B20中的数据，包括初始化、读l、读0，写1、写0等操作。传感器复位后，接收应答信号，跳过读ROM中序列号后，启动温度转换，等待温度转换完毕后，保存数据。如此反复，完成所有操作。六丶无线流程：发射：首先进行初始化操作，初始化包括设置单片机I／O和SPI相关寄存器两部分其可以和nRF24L01通信。通过SPI总线配置射频芯片使其进入正确的工作模式。发射数据时，首先将nRF24L01配置为发射模式。接着把发送端待发射数据的目标地址TX—ADDR和数据TX—PLD写入nRF24L01缓冲区，延时后发射数据，其流程图如图4.2所示接收：待数据的到来。当接收方检测到有效地址和CRC时，就将数据包储存在接收堆栈中，同时状态寄存器中的中断标志位RX—置高，产生中断使引脚变为低电平，以便通知MCU去取数据，其流程图如图4.3所示。七丶软件总体部分：发送部分：发送部分的一个循环的总体思路是这样的先初始化DS18B20，从DS18B20读出温度（DS18B20采用默认的12位精度），将得到的温度值的反码转化成十制，取温度数组的高两位（即整数部分）写入发送数据数组，然后初始化nRF24L01，将温度发送，其流程图如图4.5所示接收部分：接收部分的总体思路是这样的，首先还是初始化，然后进入大循环判断状态寄存器是否有接收中断。如果有就从读入二进制数据，然后将数据转换成十进制在数码管上显示出来，其流程图如图4.6所示。八：电路图：发射机：接收机：九丶程序清单：接收机：#include<reg51.h>#include<intrins.h>#defineucharunsignedchar#defineuintunsignedint#defineREAD_REG0x00//Definereadcommandtoregister#defineWRITE_REG0x20//Definewritecommandtoregister#defineRD_RX_PLOAD0x61//DefineRXpayloadregisteraddress#defineWR_TX_PLOAD0xA0//DefineTXpayloadregisteraddress#defineFLUSH_TX0xE1//DefineflushTXregistercommand#defineFLUSH_RX0xE2//DefineflushRXregistercommand#defineREUSE_TX_PL0xE3//DefinereuseTXpayloadregistercommand#defineNOP0xFF//DefineNoOperation,mightbeusedtoreadstatusregister#defineCONFIG0x00//'Config'registeraddress#defineEN_AA0x01//'EnableAutoAcknowledgment'registeraddress#defineEN_RXADDR0x02//'EnabledRXaddresses'registeraddress#defineSETUP_AW0x03//'Setupaddresswidth'registeraddress#defineSETUP_RETR0x04//'SetupAuto.Retrans'registeraddress#defineRF_CH0x05//'RFchannel'registeraddress#defineRF_SETUP0x06//'RFsetup'registeraddress#defineSTATUS0x07//'Status'registeraddress#defineOBSERVE_TX0x08//'ObserveTX'registeraddress#defineCD0x09//'CarrierDetect'registeraddress#defineRX_ADDR_P00x0A//'RXaddresspipe0'registeraddress#defineRX_ADDR_P10x0B//'RXaddresspipe1'registeraddress#defineRX_ADDR_P20x0C//'RXaddresspipe2'registeraddress#defineRX_ADDR_P30x0D//'RXaddresspipe3'registeraddress#defineRX_ADDR_P40x0E//'RXaddresspipe4'registeraddress#defineRX_ADDR_P50x0F//'RXaddresspipe5'registeraddress#defineTX_ADDR0x10//'TXaddress'registeraddress#defineRX_PW_P00x11//'RXpayloadwidth,pipe0'registeraddress#defineRX_PW_P10x12//'RXpayloadwidth,pipe1'registeraddress#defineRX_PW_P20x13//'RXpayloadwidth,pipe2'registeraddress#defineRX_PW_P30x14//'RXpayloadwidth,pipe3'registeraddress#defineRX_PW_P40x15//'RXpayloadwidth,pipe4'registeraddress#defineRX_PW_P50x16//'RXpayloadwidth,pipe5'registeraddress#defineFIFO_STATUS0x17//'FIFOStatusRegister'registeraddress#defineTX_ADR_WIDTH5#defineRX_ADR_WIDTH5#defineTX_PLOAD_WIDTH4#defineTX_PLOAD_WIDTH4floatf_temp;uinttemp;ucharTX_ADDRESS[5]={0x34,0x43,0x19,0x91,0x09};ucharbdatasta;sbitCE=P2^7;sbitCSN=P2^2;sbitMOSI=P2^3;sbitMISO=P2^5;sbitSCK=P2^6;sbitIRQ=P2^4;sbitds=P3^7;sbitled0=P1^0;sbitRX_DR=sta^6;sbitTX_DS=sta^5;sbitMAX_RT=sta^4;voidinit_io(void){CE=0;CSN=1;SCK=0;IRQ=1;}ucharSPI_RW(ucharbyte){uchari;for(i=0;i<8;i++){ MOSI=(byte&0x80); byte=(byte<<1); SCK=1; byte|=MISO; SCK=0;}return(byte);}ucharSPI_RW_reg(ucharreg,ucharvalue){ucharstatus;CSN=0;status=SPI_RW(reg);SPI_RW(value);CSN=1;return(status);}ucharSPI_read(ucharreg){ucharreg_val;CSN=0;SPI_RW(reg);reg_val=SPI_RW(0);CSN=1;return(reg_val);}ucharSPI_read_pload(ucharreg,uchar*pBuf,ucharbytes){ucharstatus,i;CSN=0;status=SPI_RW(reg);for(i=0;i<bytes;i++) pBuf[i]=SPI_RW(0);CSN=1;return(status);}ucharSPI_write_pload(ucharreg,uchar*pBuf,ucharbytes){ucharstatus,i;CSN=0;status=SPI_RW(reg);for(i=0;i<bytes;i++) SPI_RW(pBuf[i]);CSN=1;return(status);}voidTX_mode(uchar*tx_buf){ CE=0;SPI_write_pload(WRITE_REG+TX_ADDR,TX_ADDRESS,TX_ADR_WIDTH);SPI_write_pload(WRITE_REG+RX_ADDR_P0,TX_ADDRESS,TX_ADR_WIDTH);SPI_write_pload(WR_TX_PLOAD,tx_buf,TX_PLOAD_WIDTH);SPI_RW_reg(WRITE_REG+EN_AA,0X01);SPI_RW_reg(WRITE_REG+EN_RXADDR,0X01);SPI_RW_reg(WRITE_REG+SETUP_RETR,0X1F);SPI_RW_reg(WRITE_REG+RF_CH,40);SPI_RW_reg(WRITE_REG+RF_SETUP,0X0F);SPI_RW_reg(WRITE_REG+CONFIG,0X0e);CE=1; //CE置高，使能发送}ucharCheck_ACK(){//while(IRQ//CE=0;sta=SPI_read(STATUS);if(TX_DS||MAX_RT){SPI_RW_reg(WRITE_REG+STATUS,0xff);CSN=0;SPI_RW(FLUSH_TX);CSN=1;return(1);}elsereturn(0);//CE=1;IRQ=1;//if(TX_DS)//return(0x00);//else//return(0xff);}/*ucharCheckACK(){sta=NRFReadReg(READ_REG+STATUS);if(TX_DS||MAX_RT){NRFWriteReg(WRITE_REG+STATUS,0xff);CSN=0;NRFSPI(FLUSH_TX);CSN=1;return(0);}elsereturn(1);}*/voiddelayus(uintz,uintx){uinti,j;for(i=z;i>0;i--) for(j=x;j>0;j--);}voiddreset(void){uinti;//ds=1;//_nop_();ds=0; delayus(7,15);ds=1;i=4;while(i>0)i--;delayus(1,100);}bittempreadbit(void){uinti;bitdat;//ds=1;i++;ds=0;_nop_();ds=1;i++;i++;dat=ds;i=8;while(i>0) i--;return(dat);}uchartempread(void){uchari,j,dat;dat=0;for(i=0;i<8;i++){ j=tempreadbit(); dat=(j<<7)|(dat>>1);}return(dat);}voidtempwritebyte(uchardat){uinti;ucharj;bittestb;for(j=0;j<8;j++){ testb=dat&0x01; dat=dat>>1;if(testb){ ds=0; i++;i++; ds=1; i=8; while(i>0) i--;}else{ ds=0;//i=8;//while(i>0)i--;delayus(1,5); ds=1; i++;i++;}}}voidtempchange(void){dreset();delayus(1,113);tempwritebyte(0xcc);tempwritebyte(0x44);}uintget_temp(){uchara,b;dreset();delayus(1,113);tempwritebyte(0xcc);tempwritebyte(0xbe);a=tempread();b=tempread();temp=b;temp<<=8;temp=temp|a;f_temp=temp*0.0625;temp=f_temp*10+0.5;//f_temp=f_temp+0.05;returntemp;}voidmain(){uchartx_buf[4]={0};init_io();while(1){ tempchange(); delayus(1,113); get_temp(); tx_buf[0]=(uchar)(temp/100); tx_buf[1]=(uchar)(((temp-500)%100)/10); tx_buf[2]='.'; tx_buf[3]=(uchar)((temp%100)%10); TX_mode(tx_buf);}}接收机：#include<reg52.h>//#include<intrins.h>#defineucharunsignedchar#defineuintunsignedint#defineREAD_REG0x00//Definereadcommandtoregister#defineWRITE_REG0x20//Definewritecommandtoregister#defineRD_RX_PLOAD0x61//DefineRXpayloadregisteraddress#defineWR_TX_PLOAD0xA0//DefineTXpayloadregisteraddress#defineFLUSH_TX0xE1//DefineflushTXregistercommand#defineFLUSH_RX0xE2//DefineflushRXregistercommand#defineREUSE_TX_PL0xE3//DefinereuseTXpayloadregistercommand#defineNOP0xFF//DefineNoOperation,mightbeusedtoreadstatusregister//SPI(nRF24L01)registers(addresses)#defineCONFIG0x00//'Config'registeraddress#defineEN_AA0x01//'EnableAutoAcknowledgment'registeraddress#defineEN_RXADDR0x02//'EnabledRXaddresses'registeraddress#defineSETUP_AW0x03//'Setupaddresswidth'registeraddress#defineSETUP_RETR0x04//'SetupAuto.Retrans'registeraddress#defineRF_CH0x05//'RFchannel'registeraddress#defineRF_SETUP0x06//'RFsetup'registeraddress#defineSTATUS0x07//'Status'registeraddress#defineOBSERVE_TX0x08//'ObserveTX'registeraddress#defineCD0x09//'CarrierDetect'registeraddress#defineRX_ADDR_P00x0A//'RXaddresspipe0'registeraddress#defineRX_ADDR_P10x0B//'RXaddresspipe1'registeraddress#defineRX_ADDR_P20x0C//'RXaddresspipe2'registeraddress#defineRX_ADDR_P30x0D//'RXaddresspipe3'registeraddress#defineRX_ADDR_P40x0E//'RXaddresspipe4'registeraddress#defineRX_ADDR_P50x0F//'RXaddresspipe5'registeraddress#defineTX_ADDR0x10//'TXaddress'registeraddress#defineRX_PW_P00x11//'RXpayloadwidth,pipe0'registeraddress#defineRX_PW_P10x12//'RXpayloadwidth,pipe1'registeraddress#defineRX_PW_P20x13//'RXpayloadwidth,pipe2'registeraddress#defineRX_PW_P30x14//'RXpayloadwidth,pipe3'registeraddress#defineRX_PW_P40x15//'RXpayloadwidth,pipe4'registeraddress#defineRX_PW_P50x16//'RXpayloadwidth,pipe5'registeraddress#defineFIFO_STATUS0x17//'FIFOStatusRegister'registeraddress#defineTX_ADR_WIDTH5#defineRX_ADR_WIDTH5#defineTX_PLOAD_WIDTH4#defineRX_PLOAD_WIDTH4ucharidatarxbuf1[2]={0};//ucharidataaa[20]={0};ucharRX_ADDRES[5]={0x34,0x43,0x19,0x91,0x09};ucharcodetable[]="0123456789";ucharbdatasta;sbitRX_DR=sta^6;sbitTX_DS=sta^5;sbitMAX_RT=sta^4;sbitlcd_rs=P1^0;sbitlcd_rw=P1^1;sbitlcd_en=P1^2;sbitCE=P2^7;sbitCSN=P2^2;sbitMOSI=P2^3;sbitMISO=P2^5;sbitSCK=P2^6;sbitIRQ=P2^4;sbitK1=P3^4;sbitK2=P3^6;sbitK3=P3^5;sbitBJ=P1^3;sbitBEEF=P1^4;ucharMAX=30;ucharMIN=20;uchara;bitflag=0;ucharslnum=0;voiddelayms(uintx){uinti,j;for(i=x;i>0;i--) for(j=113;j>0;j--);}voidinit_io(void){CE=0;CSN=1;SCK=0;IRQ=1;}ucharSPI_RW(ucharbyte){uchari;for(i=0;i<8;i++){ MOSI=(byte&0x80); byte=(byte<<1); SCK=1; byte|=MISO; SCK=0;}return(byte);}ucharSPI_RW_reg(ucharreg,ucharvalue){ucharstatus;CSN=0;status=SPI_RW(reg);SPI_RW(value);CSN=1;return(status);}ucharSPI_read(ucharreg){ucharreg_val;CSN=0;SPI_RW(reg);reg_val=SPI_RW(0);CSN=1;return(reg_val);}ucharSPI_read_pload(ucharreg,uchar*pBuf,ucharbytes){ucharstatus,i;CSN=0;status=SPI_RW(reg);for(i=0;i<bytes;i++)pBuf[i]=SPI_RW(0);CSN=1;return(status);}ucharSPI_write_pload(ucharreg,uchar*pBuf,ucharbytes){ucharstatus,i;CSN=0;status=SPI_RW(reg);for(i=0;i<bytes;i++) SPI_RW(pBuf[i]);CSN=1;return(status);}voidRX_mode(){CE=0;SPI_write_pload(WRITE_REG+RX_ADDR_P0,RX_ADDRES,TX_ADR_WIDTH);SPI_RW_reg(WRITE_REG+RX_PW_P0,TX_PLOAD_WIDTH);SPI_RW_reg(WRITE_REG+EN_AA,0X01);SPI_RW_reg(WRITE_REG+EN_RXADDR,0X01);SPI_RW_reg(WRITE_REG+SETUP_RETR,0X1F);SPI_RW_reg(WRITE_REG+RF_CH,40);SPI_RW_reg(WRITE_REG+RF_SETUP,0X0F);SPI_RW_reg(WRITE_REG+CONFIG,0X0F);CE=1;}ucharRxPacket(uchar*rx_buf){ucharflag=0;sta=SPI_read(STATUS);if(RX_DR){CE=0;SPI_read_pload(RD_RX_PLOAD,rx_buf,TX_PLOAD_WIDTH);flag=1;SPI_RW_reg(WRITE_REG+STATUS,0xff);CSN=0;SPI_RW(FLUSH_RX);CSN=1;CE=1;}return(flag);}voidwrite_com(ucharcom){lcd_rs=0;lcd_rw=0;P0=com;lcd_en=1;delayms(1);lcd_en=0;}voidwrite_data(uchardate){lcd_rs=1;lcd_rw=0;P0=date;lcd_en=1;delayms(1);lcd_en=0;}voidlcd_init(){lcd_en=0;write_com(0x38);write_com(0x0c);write_com(0x06);write_com(0x01);}voidwrite_str(ucharx,uchary,uchar*s){switch(y){ case0: write_com(0x08+x);break; case1: write_com(0x08+0x40+x);break;}while(*s){write_data(*s);s++;}}voidwrite_maxmin(ucharadd,uchardate){ucharshi,ge;shi=date/10;ge=date%10;write_com(0x80+add);write_data(0x30+shi);write_data(0x30+ge);}voidkeyscan(){ucharslnum;if(