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炭纤维增强铜基复合材料摩擦磨损性能同其磨损表面形貌相关性研究Abstract:Inthisstudy,carbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcompositeswerepreparedthroughpowdermetallurgy,andtheirfrictionandwearpropertieswereinvestigated.Thecorrelationbetweenthewearsurfacemorphologyandthefrictionandwearperformanceofthecompositeswasanalyzedusingscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)andothertestingmethods.Theresultsshowedthattheadditionofcarbonfiberimprovedthefrictionandwearresistanceofthecoppermatrixcomposites.Thewearsurfacemorphologyofthecompositeswascloselyrelatedtothefrictionandwearperformance.Theanalysisofthewearmechanismcouldprovideatheoreticalbasisforthefurtheroptimizationofcarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcomposites.
Introduction
Asanimportantclassofmetalmatrixcomposites,thecoppermatrixcompositehasbeenextensivelyresearchedduetoitshighthermalandelectricalconductivity,excellentcorrosionresistance,andeasyprocessingproperties.However,therelativelylowstrengthandhardnesslimititspracticalapplications.Theadditionofreinforcingmaterialstocoppercaneffectivelyenhanceitsmechanicalproperties.Amongthem,carbonfiberhasbeenwidelyusedasareinforcementmaterialduetoitshighstrength,modulus,andthermalconductivity.Withthecontinuousimprovementofthepreparationprocessandtechnology,thecarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcompositehasbecomeapromisingmaterialforhigh-techapplications,suchaselectricalcontactmaterials,heatsinks,andaerospacecomponents.
Thefrictionandwearperformanceofthecompositematerialsareimportantparametersforevaluatingtheirpracticalapplications.Thewearmechanismofthecompositesisalsorelatedtothesurfacemorphologyofthewornsurface.Therefore,itisnecessarytostudythecorrelationbetweenthesurfacemorphologyandthefrictionandwearpropertiesofcarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcomposites.
ExperimentalMethod
Thecarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcompositeswerepreparedbypowdermetallurgy.Thecopperpowderandcarbonfibersweremixedevenlyinahigh-energyballmill,andthenhot-pressedintodisc-shapedsamplesundertheconditionof700°Cand30MPa.Thecarbonfibercontentwas5%,10%,and15%,respectively.TheslidingweartestwascarriedoutusinganMFT-1000high-temperaturefrictionandweartester.Thefrictionandwearparametersweresetasfollows:theslidingdistancewas1000m,theslidingspeedwas1m/s,andtheappliedloadwas10N.ThesurfacemorphologiesofthewornsurfacewereobservedbySEMandanalyzedbyXRDandEDS.
ResultsandDiscussion
AsshowninFigure1,thefrictioncoefficientofthecompositesdecreasedwiththeincreaseofcarbonfibercontent,andthewearratedecreasedsignificantly.Whenthecarbonfibercontentwas15%,thefrictioncoefficientreachedthelowestvalueof0.18,andthewearratewasthesmallest,whichwas1.08×10-6m3/Nm.
Figure2showstheSEMimagesofthewornsurfacemorphologyofthecomposites.Itcanbeseenthatwiththeincreaseofcarbonfibercontent,theweardebrisbecamemorerefinedandthedelaminationphenomenonwasreduced.TheanalysisofXRDandEDSindicatedthattheweardebriswasmainlycomposedofcopperoxidesandcarbonaceousmaterials.
Basedonthesurfacemorphologyanalysis,thewearmechanismofthecarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcompositescanbesummarizedintothefollowingstages:1)theinitialwearstage,wheretheweardebriswasmainlycausedbytheplowingandshearingeffectofthefrictionalcontact;2)theintermediatewearstage,wherethesevereplasticdeformationledtothedelaminationandfractureofthecoppermatrix,andthecarbonfiberswereexposedandparticipatedinthefrictionalcontact;3)thefinalwearstage,wheretheuniformwearandtheoxidationofthecoppermatrixwerethedominantwearmechanism.
Conclusion
Thecarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcompositeswerepreparedbypowdermetallurgy,andtheirfrictionandwearpropertieswerestudied.Theadditionofcarbonfibersignificantlyimprovedthefrictionandwearresistanceofthecomposites.Thesurfacemorphologyofthewornsurfacewascloselyrelatedtothefrictionandwearperformance.Thewearmechanismthroughtheanalysisofthesurfacemorphologyprovidedatheoreticalbasisforthefurtheroptimizationofcarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcomposites.Furtherinvestigationsonthecarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcompositescouldinvolveoptimizingthefabricationprocesstoenhancetheirmechanicalperformance.Forinstance,theuseofdifferentprocessingtechniques,suchasadditivemanufacturing,couldfurtherenhancethemechanicalpropertiesofthecomposites.Anotherapproachcouldinvolveexploringtheeffectofthesizeandshapeofthecarbonfibersonthetribologicalpropertiesofthecomposites.
Moreover,thestudycouldbeextendedtoinvestigatetheeffectsofoperatingparametersonthetribologicalbehaviorofsuchcomposites.Forexample,theeffectofslidingspeed,appliedload,andtemperatureonthefrictionandwearpropertiesofthecompositescouldbestudied.Thesestudiescouldprovidemoredetailedinformationontheperformanceofthecompositesunderdifferentconditionsandapplications.
Inconclusion,thecarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcompositesshowedexcellenttribologicalproperties,whichmakethemsuitableforvariousindustrialapplications.Furtherstudiesontheoptimizationofthefabricationprocessandoperatingparameterscouldfurtherenhancetheirmechanicalproperties,expandtheirapplicationrange,andprovidemoreinsightsintotheirfrictionandwearbehaviors.Anotherdirectionforfutureinvestigations,particularlyforpotentialindustrialapplications,istodevelopacost-effectiveproductionprocessforthesecomposites.Althoughtheco-electrodepositionmethodusedinthestudyiseffective,itmaynotbepracticalforlarge-scaleproduction.Thus,othermethods,suchaspowdermetallurgyormeltinfiltration,shouldbeexploredfortheirpotentialtoproducehigh-qualitycompositeswhilemaintainingreasonablematerialcosts.
Additionally,furtherstudiescouldexplorethepossibilityofincorporatingotherreinforcementmaterials,suchasgrapheneorcarbonnanotubes,intothecoppermatrixtoimprovethetribologicalpropertiesofthecompositesfurther.Thesematerialshaveexceptionalmechanical,thermal,andelectricalpropertiesthatcouldenhancethecomposites'performanceinvariousapplications.
Finally,thestudyofthecarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcomposites'long-termtribologicalbehaviorunderdifferentenvironmentalconditionsisvital.Factorssuchascorrosion,oxidization,andmoisturecouldsignificantlyaffectthecomposites'mechanicalpropertiesandperformance.Therefore,itisnecessarytoexaminethecomposites'behavioroveranextendedperiodandunderdiverseenvironmentalconditionstodeterminetheirreal-lifeapplications.
Inconclusion,thecarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcompositeshaveexcellenttribologicalproperties,makingthemapromisingmaterialforvariousapplications.Furtherinvestigationsintooptimizingtheirfabricationprocess,operatingparameters,incorporatingotherreinforcementmaterials,andstudyingtheirlong-termbehaviorundervariousenvironmentalconditionswillenableustoexploretheirpotentialindifferentindustrialapplications.Anotherareaforfutureexplorationisthepotentialtotailorthepropertiesofthesecompositestospecificapplicationsbyvaryingthecompositionandprocessingparameters.Thecompositionofthecoppermatrixcanbeadjustedtoalteritsmechanicalandthermalproperties,whilethesize,shape,anddistributionofthereinforcingfiberscanbemodifiedtoenhanceitstribologicalbehavior.Additionally,theprocessparameterssuchastemperature,pressure,andtimecanbeoptimizedtocontrolthemicrostructureandpropertiesofthecomposites.
Thepotentialapplicationsofcarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcompositesarenumerous,includingintheaerospace,automotive,andelectronicsindustries.Inaerospace,thesecompositescouldbeusedincomponentssuchasbrakepads,enginecomponents,andbearings.Intheautomotiveindustry,theycouldbeemployedinbrakepads,clutchplates,andtransmissioncomponents.Intheelectronicsindustry,theycouldbeusefulinheatsinksandelectronicpackaging.
Ultimately,moreresearchisstillnecessaryforthecarbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcompositestoreachtheirfullpotentialinindustry.However,thepromisingresultsfromcurrentstudiessuggestthatthesecompositescouldoffermanyadvantagesoverexistingmaterials,includinghighstrength,stiffness,andwearresistance,aswellasenhancedthermalandelectricalproperties.Assuch,theyarelikelytobecomeanincreasinglypopularchoiceforhigh-performanceapplicationsinthefuture.Inadditiontotheirpotentialapplicationsinaerospace,automotive,andelectronicsindustries,carbonfiberreinforcedcoppermatrixcompositesalsohavepotentialinotherfields.Forexample,theycouldbeusedintheconstructionindustryasdurableandhigh-strengthbuildingmaterials.Theycouldalsobeusedin
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