船舶狭水道航行须知

船舶狭水道航行须知船舶狭水道航行须知#/5船舶狭水道航行须知NarrowChannelnavigationInstruction总则GeneralRule狭水道是指相对水深或水道相对宽度较小的航道，狭水道内，航道狭小曲折，水浅滩多，还有暗礁，沉船或渔栅等阻碍物，水文气象条件多变，船舶交通密集，为了保证狭水道内航行安全，一定常常研究和掌握该水道的地理特色及水文气象条件，增强了望并慎重驾驶，防止发生碰撞和触浅的事故。Narrowchannelmeansthewaterwaywithsmallrelativewaterdepthorsmallrelativebreadthofchannel.Innarrowchannel,waterwayisnarrowandcurved,shallow,manyshoal.Thereisredge,wreck,fishingstakesandotherobstacle.Hydrometeorsarechangeable.Heavytraffic.Toensuresafenavigationinnarrowchannel,shouldoftenresearchandknowwellthehydrometeorsandgeographicalcharacterandreinforcelookout,steerprudently,avoidcollidingandgrounding.狭水道中的操船重点Keypointsforsteeringinnarrowchannel水道的全面检查。Fullcheckforchannel掌握狭水道水域邻近的地形地貌，狭水道内可航水域的水文状况等。Beingmasterytheterrainsandlandformsnearthechannel,thehydrologicregimeofnavigablewaterareainnarrowchannel掌握狭水道助航标记的系统。Masterynavigation-assistancemarksysteminnarrowchannel.掌握狭水道邻近的风波等自然状况，并配以风压差。Masterywind,waveandothernaturalconditionnearthenarrowchannelcoordinatedbywindpressuredifference掌握狭水道内的船舶交通状况。Masteryoftrafficconditioninnarrowchannel行驶在计划航线上。Sailonthescheduledroute.航线的设计，只需安全可行，应尽量凑近本船航行的右边水道或航道的外缘。Ifitissafe,designedrouteshouldclosetotherightwaterwayofownshiporwaterway’souteredge.采纳大比率尺海图，进入该海区航段以前，二副应将海图更正到近来、最新。Largescalechartshouldbeused.Beforeenteringintothismaritimezone,secondofficershouldamendthecharttothelatest,uptodateedition.为了随时检验本船能否行驶在计划航线上，采纳的导航方法有浮标导航、岸标导航、单标方向导航等。Forcheckingifshipisonthescheduledroute,buoynavigation,single landmarknavigation,marknavigationshouldbeusedasnavigationway.为防备船舶相关于计划航线偏离过远而发生危险的避险法， 可用物标方向线避险法、距离圈避险法等。Topreventshipdeviatefromscheduledroutetoomuchtobeindangerous,objectbearinglineavoidingdangerous,distancecircleavoidingdangerousshouldbeused.正确掌握转向点依据船舶所受风、流状况，正确选择转向依照的转向时的船位，按所处的地理环境的弯势等适合用车用舵，使船驶于新的航线上。Accuratelymasterytheturnpointbasedonthebearingwindbasedandcurrent,useengineandhelmappropriatelyongeographicalbendandmakethe shipsailinnewroute.狭水道中操船时的注意事项Guidelinesformaneuveringinnarrowchannel随时确认船位，注意能否偏离航线。狂风波、急流中的航道浮标时有移位的可能，用来导航时应多方参照而不行盲目相信。Checkvessel’spositionmomentarilyandheeddeviationornot.Becausethebuoyinrushingcurrentwaterwayinhighwindandwavemaybemove,Donnotdependonbuoysignscategorically.Shouldfindmoreinformationtonavigateasreference.依据状况需要合时备车，作好抛锚准备，必需时需不中断测深。Navigatewiththestandingbyengineandmaketwoanchorsreadyifneeded.Ifnecessary,incessantlymeasure.经过浅滩或呷角时，不行作不用要的凑近或为了贪恋近便而走切角的路线，并应预计船舶充裕水深不足时，最好选满潮时经过，必需时应降速航行以减少尾倾，尽量防止在该水域追越他船。Whencrossshoal,shouldnotunnecessarilyapproachit.Ifestimateddraftmargininnotenough,shouldpassitinfulltide.Ifnecessary,shouldreducespeedtodecreasesquatting.Noovertakinginnarrowchannel.在转向时，须预计到船舶的旋回圈及船舶在旋回过程中所遇到水流的影响。Whenturn,shouldestimatetheturncircleandinfluencebycurrentduringturning.经过潮流比较强的水道时，应选好视程优秀、交通量较少时平流时经过，免得堕入被动场面。Whenpasschannelwithstrongtideandcurrent,shouldpasswithgoodvisibilityandlighttraffictoavoidbeingtrappedinpassiveposition.夜间或雾中驶于狭水道时，因视野较差应兼用雷达进行了望，尽可能给出相关碰撞危险的信息并将其显示出来，但仍应在确认邻近实质状况以后才可进行躲让操控。Whennavigateinnarrowchannelatnightorinfog,shoulduseradartohelplookoutduetopoorvisibility.Possiblyfindtheinformationrelatedtocollideanddisplaythemout.Butshouldsteerforkeepingclearonlyafterconfirmactualsituationnearby.遇下雾或能见度不好，不可以很好辨清陆地上的物标，或对航行地域的状况感觉没有把握时，应立刻抛锚。Infogorpoorvisibility,Iflandmarkcannotbecheckedclearlyorthereinnoconfidenceforthesituationofnavigatingwaterarea,shoulddropanchorimmediately.在水流急湍的狭小水道中航行，应尽量防止与它船在急转弯的地方相遇。Innarrowchannelwithrushingcurrent,possiblyavoidmeetingwithothershipinhairpinturn.在狭水道航行时，要注领悟产生一种“岸吸”， 当二船过份凑近时，也会发生“船吸”的现象。Duringsailinginnarrowchannel,payattentionto ‘banksuction ’,whentwoshipsapproach,payattention‘shipsuction’狭水道航行中交接班，特别是夜间或视程不良时，接班驾驶员应提早上驾驶台，查阅海图，熟习该航段的全部海区状况，并适应灯光背景，换班驾驶员应将当时全部察看到的状况详细地介绍，在追越或转弯时，禁止交接班。Handing/takingoverdutyduringsailinginnarrowchannel,especiallyatnightorpoorvisibility,takingoverdutyofficershouldarrivetoinbridgeinadvance,checkchart,knowwelltheconditionofthisleg,adaptlightbackground.Handingoverdutyofficershouldintroducealltheinformationobservedtotakingoverdutyofficer.Nohanding/takingdutywhenovertakingorturning.狭水道机舱操车注意事项Guidelinesforengineinnarrowchannel船舶在狭小水道中航行，因为船舶常常变向灵活操车，负荷变化大，动力装置工况随之改变。要求人员和设备进入备车状态，注意动力装置各样参数的变化，实时调整，禁止主机在超负荷状况下和“临界转速”范围内工作，保证动力装置一直工作正常。同时注意车钟记录正确。Innavigationinnarrowchannel,becauseshipneedmaneuvering,loadoftenchanges,theworkconditionofpowerequipmentchangeaccordingly. Needcrewandsetinstandbystate,heedthechangeofparameterofpowerequipment,adjustintime.Itisprohibitedthatmainengineworkinoverloadandin‘criticalrevolution’.Ensurepowerequipmentworkinnormalconditionandaccuratelyfillinenginetelegraph.注意主机以下参数：各缸排烟温度及冷却淡水出口温度；滑油进机压力、温度；主轴承及推力轴承滑油温度；主机燃油压力及燃油温度；透平转速、扫气压力、扫气温度。HeedingthefollowingparametersExhausttemperaturesofcylinderheadsandinlet/outlettemperaturesofcoolingfreshwater-PressureandtemperatureofinletLOLOtemperatureofmainbearingsandthrustbearingsFOpressureandtemperatureofmainengineT/CRPM,scavengingpressure,scavengingtemperature检查主机运行时有无异响.Checkthemainengineonworkingforanyabnormalnoise.检查和确认主机机旁操车地点变换、操控设备优秀，方法娴熟，人员落实，特别要对控制空气系统的检查，准时放残水。Checkandconfirmoperationthechange-overfunctionofthemainenginelocaloperationandoperationalaccessoryequipmentsingoodorder,waysskilled,crewputtingintoeffect.Especiallycheckaircontrolsystemanddrainresidualwateratregulartime.巡逻为主机服务的各样泵浦运行正常。Patrolandinspecttheworkingpumpsformainengineingoodorder.主、副机燃油日用柜、燃油积淀柜、压缩空气瓶等要增强放残水。Fueloilservicetanksformain/auxiliaryengines,fueloilsettlingtanks,compressedairbottlesshouldbedrainedresidualwatermorefrequently.注意副机运行工况、滑油油位，进机压力，温度等。保持足够的功率贮备，必需时增加一台副机运行。Heedtheworkconditionofauxiliaryenginerunning,LOlevel,inletpressureandtemperature.Keepenoughpowerreserve.Ifnecessary,parallelanother