英语人教版高中必修二（2019新编）-Unit 3 Food and Culture第一讲Reading and Thinking（教案）

ReadingandThinking目标导航jing目标导航jing重点词汇1．cuisinen．菜肴；风味；烹饪2．peppern.甜椒；灯笼椒；胡椒粉3．recipen.烹饪法；食谱4．peppercornn.胡椒粒5．vinegarn.醋6．onionn.洋葱；葱头7．garlicn.蒜8．baconn.熏猪肉；咸肉9．hamn.火腿10．sausagen.香肠；腊肠11．cabbagen.甘蓝；卷心菜；洋白菜12．tofun.豆腐13．Kazakadj.哈萨克族的；哈萨克族人14．chefn.厨师；主厨15．boldadj.大胆自信的；敢于冒险的16．stuffvt.填满；把……塞进n.东西；物品词汇拓展1．prioradj.先前的；优先的→priorityn．优先事项；最重要的事；当务之急2．exceptionaladj.特别的；罕见的→exceptionn．例外3．minimumadj.最低(限度)的；最小的n．最小值；最少量→minimisevt.使减少到最低限度→(反义词)maximumadj.最大量的；最大值的n．最大值；最大量4．consumevt.吃；喝，饮；消耗→consumern．消费者5．vegetariann．素食者→vegetablen．蔬菜6．elegantadj.精美的，讲究的；文雅的→elegancen．优雅；典雅重点词组1．priorto在……之前的2．consistof由……组成(或构成)3．slice...off切下4．putmoresimply更简单地说5．suitone’staste适应；满足某人的口味6．stuff...with...用……填满……7．ata/theminimum至少8．gohandinhand密切关联；息息相关重点句型1.Later,IlearntthatthemostfamousfoodinShandongispancakerollsstuffedwithslicedChinesegreenonions.(教材P26)后来，我得知山东最有名的食物是煎饼卷大葱。2.Forexample,America’smostpopularChinesedishisGeneralTso’schicken,whichconsistsoffriedchickencoveredinasweetsauce,flavouredwithhotredpeppers.(教材P26)例如，美国最受欢迎的中国菜是左宗棠甜辣鸡，这道菜是用甜酱汁包裹的炸鸡，加上红辣椒调味。3.WhenIsetoffforthecafeteria...(教材P29)当我出发去自助餐厅的时候。4.Tired,hungry,andnotknowingawordofChinese,wehadnoideahowtoorder,sothechefjustbeganfillingourtablewiththebestfoodwehadevereaten.(教材P26)又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们压根儿不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的饭菜。知识点睛jing知识点睛jing原文呈现CULTUREANDCUISINETheFrenchauthorJeanAnthelmeBrillat－Savarinoncewrote,“Tellmewhatyoueat,andIwilltellyouwhatyouare.”Putmoresimply①，thismeans“Youarewhatyoueat.”Mostpeopletodayrelatethissayingtohealthyeating.However,Brillat－Savarinwasactuallyreferringtoourpersonality,character,andculture.Certainly,inmanywaysthisseemstobetrue.Chinesecuisineisacaseinpoint②.Priorto③comingtoChina，myonlyexperiencewithChinesecookingwasinAmerica，withChinesefoodthathadbeenchangedtosuitAmericantastes④【1】．Forexample,America’smostpopularChinesedishisGeneralTso’schicken,whichconsistsof⑤friedchickencoveredinasweetsauce,flavoured⑥withhotredpeppers⑦【2】．ThisisprobablynotanauthenticChineserecipe⑧，however,soitcannottellusmuchabouttheChinese.Ontheotherhand,itdoestellusalotaboutAmericans.Ittellsus,forexample,thatAmericanslovebold⑨，simpleflavours.And,sincethedishwasalsoinventedrecently,ittellsusthatAmericansarenotafraidtotrynewfoods.【1】“PriortocomingtoChina”为时间状语，“withChinesefoodthat...tastes”是with短语，修饰America，with短语里又包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰Chinesefood。【2】画线部分中的which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词GeneralTso’schicken；过去分词短语“coveredinasweetsauce”和“flavouredwith...pappers”作后置定语，修饰friedchicken。Later,IhadachancetoexperienceauthenticChinesefoodbycomingtoChina.WhenmyfamilyandIhadjustarrivedinChina,wewentlookingforagoodplacetoeatinBeijing.ASichuanrestauranthadbeenrecommendedtousbyafriend,andfinally,wefoundit.Tired,hungry,andnotknowingawordofChinese,wehadnoideahowtoorder,sothechefjustbeganfillingourtablewiththebestfoodwehadevereaten【3】.Withthis,wehadthepleasureofexperiencinganentirely⑩newtaste：Sichuanpeppercorns.Thefoodwaswonderfulanddifferent,butwhatwasevenmoreimportantwasthefriendshipofferedus【4】．【3】句中的“Tired,hungry,andnotknowing...ofChinese”为状语，表示当时“我们”的状态。【4】“what...important”是what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语，offeredus为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰thefriendship。WesoonmovedtoShandongProvinceintheeasternpartofNorthChina.Myfavouritedishtherewasboileddumplingsservedwithvinegar.Iobservedthatfamilyisimportanttothepeoplethere.IthasbecomeafavouritetraditionaldishofthepeopleinNorthChina，wheremakingdumplingshasalwaysbeenafamilyaffair⑪witheveryone【5】—fromtheyoungesttotheoldest—joiningintohelp.Later,IlearntthatthemostfamousfoodinShandongispancakerolls⑫stuffed⑬withsliced⑭Chinesegreenonions⑮.【5】句中的where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词NorthChina，where在从句中作地点状语。“makingdumplings”为v.－ing短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。ThenwemovedtonorthernXinjiang.SomeofourfriendswereKazakandInnerMongolian.Thesegroupstraditionallywandered⑯theopenrange⑰onhorses.Asaresult,theirtraditionalfoodsarewhatyoucancookoveranopenfire⑱【6】—usuallyboiledorroastedmeat⑲，suchaslambkebab⑳.【6】此处what引导表语从句，what在从句中作cook的宾语。OurtravelsthentookustoSouthChina,andthenontocentralChina.Ineachplacewewent,weexperiencedwonderfullocaldishes,fromGuangdong’seleganteq\o(○,\s\up3(21))dimsum—smallservingseq\o(○,\s\up3(22))offoodinbamboosteamerseq\o(○,\s\up3(23))—totheexceptionaleq\o(○,\s\up3(24))stewednoodleseq\o(○,\s\up3(25))inHenan.Everywhere,thefoodwasasvariedasthepeople.However,onethingisalwaystrue：Throughfood,Chinesepeopleeverywhereshowfriendshipandkindness.Ataminimumeq\o(○,\s\up3(26)),thekindsoffoodlocalpeopleconsumeeq\o(○,\s\up3(27))telluswhattheygrowintheirregion,whatkindsoflivestheylead,andwhattheylikeanddonotlike【7】．Couldwealsosay,forexample,thatthosewholikeboldflavoursareboldthemselves?Or,thatthosewholikespicyfoodtendtoeq\o(○,\s\up3(28))haveahottempereq\o(○,\s\up3(29))【8】？Maybe.Maybenot.Whatwecansay,however,isthatcultureandcuisinegohandinhandeq\o(○,\s\up3(30))【9】，andifyoudonotexperienceone,youcanneverreallyknowtheother.【7】localpeopleconsume为省略关系词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词thekindsoffood；三个what引导的宾语从句作tell的宾语。【8】画线部分中的“thatthosewholikeboldflavours...boldthemselves”和“thatthosewholikespicyfood...temper”都为that引导的宾语从句，作say的宾语，两个宾语从句中都含有who引导的定语从句，都修饰先行词those，其中的that不可以省略。【9】“whatwecansay”是what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作宾语，“thatcultureandcuisinegohandinhand”是that引导的表语从句。课文译文文化和美食法国作家让·安泰尔姆·布里亚－萨瓦兰曾写道：“告诉我你吃什么，我就能知道你是什么样的人。”更简单地说，这就是说“人如其食”。今天大多数人把这句话和健康饮食联系起来。然而，布里亚—萨瓦兰实际上指的是我们的个性、性格和文化。当然，在很多方面这句话似乎是正确的。中国菜肴就是一个恰当的例子。在来中国之前，我对中国烹饪的唯一体验是在美国，中国的食物已经被改变以适应美国人的口味。例如，美国最受欢迎的中国菜左宗棠甜辣鸡是用甜酱汁包裹炸鸡，用红辣椒调味。然而这可能不是正宗的中国烹饪法，所以它不能让我们对中国人了解多少。另一方面，它确实让我们对美国人了解很多。例如，它告诉我们美国人喜欢浓烈的、简单的口味。而且，由于这道菜是最近才发明，它告诉我们美国人并不害怕尝试新菜品。后来，我有机会来到中国，体验真正的中国菜。我和家人刚到中国时，在北京寻找吃饭的好地方。一位朋友向我们推荐了一家川菜馆，最终我们找到它了。又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们根本不知道如何点餐，于是厨师开始在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的饭菜。因此，我们很高兴地体验了一种全新的味道：四川花椒。这种食物又美味又与众不同，但更重要的是我们感受到的友谊。很快我们就到了华北地区东部的山东省。在那里我最喜欢的菜是蘸着醋，吃水饺。我发现对那里的人来说家庭很重要。水饺成为了华北地区最受人们喜爱的传统食物。在那里，包饺子一直是全家人一起做的事情，从最年幼的到最年长的，都要加入其中帮忙。后来我才知道，山东最有名的食物是煎饼卷大葱。后来我们到了新疆北部。我们的一些朋友是哈萨克族人和内蒙古人。传统上，这些民族在开阔的草原骑马漂泊。因此，他们的传统食物是可以在户外火堆上烹饪的食物——通常是煮熟的或烤熟的肉，比如羊肉串。后来我们又游历了华南地区，随后去了华中地区。每到一处，我们都体验了当地的美食，从广东精致的点心(用竹制蒸笼盛装的小份食物)到河南独特的烩面。每个地方的食物和当地人一样精彩纷呈。然而，有一件事始终不变：每一处的中国人都通过食物显示出友好和善良。至少，当地人食用的食物种类告诉我们，他们在当地种植什么，过着什么样的生活，他们喜欢和不喜欢什么。比如，我们是否可以说那些喜欢浓烈口味的人本身就性格粗犷？或者说，喜欢辛辣食物的人脾气往往比较火暴？也许是。也许不是。然而，我们能说的是，文化和美食是紧密相关的，如果你没有体验过其中一个，就永远不能真正了解另外一个。知识解析一.prioradj.先前的；优先的PriortocomingtoChina,myonlyexperiencewithChinesecookingwasinAmerica,withChinesefoodthathadbeenchangedtosuitAmericantastes.(教材P26)在来中国之前，我对中国烹饪的唯一体验是在美国，中国的食物已经被改变以适应美国人的口味。【精讲】(1)“在……之前”不同表达priorto在……之前；优先aheadof在……之前inadvance预先；提前(2)priorityn.优先；优先权；当务之急①IhadbeenlivinginBeijingfortwoyearspriortomeetingher.在认识她之前，我已经在北京住了两年。②Educationisatoppriority(prior)．教育是当务之急。③Hecamewellinadvanceoftherestofthegroup,sohewasmoreexperiencedindealingwithsuchproblems.他来的时间比组里其他人早得多，因此在处理此类问题上更有经验。[名师提醒]与(be)priorto结构相似的短语：(1)(be)senior/juniorto比……级别高/低(2)(be)inferiorto不如……(3)(be)superiorto超过……；胜过……二.stuffvt.填满；把……塞进n．东西；材料；填充物；物品Later,IlearntthatthemostfamousfoodinShandongispancakerollsstuffedwithslicedChinesegreenonions.(教材P26)后来，我得知山东最有名的食物是煎饼卷大葱。【精讲】(1)stuffAwithB用B填满AstuffBinto/in/underA把B填入A中/下stuffoneself吃得太饱，撑(2)andstuff诸如此类foodstuff粮食[易混辨析]stuff与staff(职员)在拼写上只有一个字母之差，容易混淆。①ThepillowsontheleftofthecouchareoldFrenchgrainbagsstuffedwithfeathers.沙发左边的枕头是法国的旧粮袋，里面塞满了羽毛。②Myjobinvolvestyping,telephoning,andstuff.我的工作包括打字、打电话等等。③WhentheSuperiorManeats,hedoesnottrytostuffhimself(he)．君子食无求饱。三.consistof由……组成；由……构成Forexample,America’smostpopularChinesedishisGeneralTso’schicken,whichconsistsoffriedchickencoveredinasweetsauce,flavouredwithhotredpeppers.(教材P26)例如，美国最受欢迎的中国菜是左宗棠甜辣鸡，这道菜是用甜酱汁包裹的炸鸡，加上红辣椒调味。【精讲】consistin存在于；主要在于bemadeupof由……组成becomposedof由……组成①Societyismadeup/composedofpeoplewithdifferentabilities.社会由能力不同的人构成。②Educationdoesnotsimplyconsistinlearningalotoffacts.教育并不仅仅在于学到许多事实。四.setoff出发；动身；使爆炸；引发；激起WhenIsetoffforthecafeteria...(教材P29)当我出发去自助餐厅的时候。【精讲】[一词多义]写出下列句中加黑词的含义①Weoughttosetoffat6a．m.whiletheroadsareempty.出发，动身②Peopletendtosetofffireworksduringthefestival,whichmaycauseseriouspollution.燃放③Aletterfromhomesetoffhisfeelingsofhomesickness.引发[名师提醒]setaside留出(时间、金钱)；把……放到一旁setup设置，设立；建立，开办setabout(doing)sth着手做，开始做setdown写下，记下setout动身，启程(＋for＋地点)；开始工作(＋todosth)五．Tired,hungry,andnotknowingawordofChinese,wehadnoideahowtoorder,sothechefjustbeganfillingourtablewiththebestfoodwehadevereaten.(教材P26)又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们压根儿不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的饭菜。【精讲】形容词或形容词短语可以作状语，表示方式、伴随、原因、时间、条件、让步、结果、状态、态度等。例如：①Thirstyandeagertohavearest,shewentintotherestaurantandseatedherselfatatablebythewindow.由于口渴而且渴望休息，她走进饭店，在靠窗的桌子旁坐了下来。②Speechless,theysatinthecorner,readingbooks.他们没有说话，只是坐在角落里读书。③Thechildrenrushedtothefront,excitedandoverjoyed.孩子们跑到了前面，既激动又欣喜若狂。④Wetorfine，hegotupatsixandtookawalkinthepark.不管是晴天还是下雨天，他总是六点钟起床，并到公园里散散步。分层练习分层练习题组A基础过关练一.根据首字母或汉语提示拼写单词1．Attheageoffiveheshowed(特别的)talentasamusician.2．—Whatdoesthe(东西)onyourT－shirtmean?—It’snothing.Justsomethingoffthetopofmyhead.3．Cookingisanincrediblymeaningfulexperienceforeach(主厨)．4．TherewasnotonenightthatIdon’tremembermomreadingmeastorybookbymybedside.Iwasextremelyinspiredbythe(文雅的)waythewordssounded.5．Thevillagerssaytheygrowavarietyofvegetables,suchas(卷心菜)andtomatoes.6．Theactorpretendstobea(大胆自信的)man，butinrealityheistimidandshy.7．IguessyoumightenjoyabookonChinese(烹饪),soIboughtonefromChinaforyou.8．Ithinktheyoungshouldeatlessfoodorthey’llcertainlygetfatterandfatter!9．Helosthiswhenhesawtheroomwasinsuchamess.10．Shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlinetogetathatwasbothtastyandtooth－friendly.【答案】1.exceptional2.stuff3.chef4，elegant5.cabbages6.bold7.cuisine8.junk9.temper10.recipe二.单句语法填空1．IpaidavisittoanInternetcompanylastmonth，myelderbrotherisworking.2．Agoodteacheristheonewhocanrelatestudents,notjusttheonewhohasalotofknowledge.3．Priorto(join)thiscompanyin2015,Bequelinwasemployedasaseniorresearcher.4．Spicyfood(flavour)withhotchillipepperscontainsanaturalchemicalingredientthatmaylowerbloodpressure,accordingtoastudy.5．(exception)childrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwaysfromothersofthesameage.6．Wetend(think)thatthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarⅡwasatimeofprosperityandgrowth.7．InternetshoppingisquitepopularamongChinesepeopleandhasbecomeanewwayof(consume)．8．Thoselearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillbemorelikelytosucceed.9．Theyounggirlwastoofrightenedtospeak,standingthereforseemedlikehours.10．Teacultureis(vary)indifferentcountriesbythewayteaismadeanddrunk,andbytheplacesforteadrinking.【答案】1.where2.to3.joining4.flavoured5.Exceptional6.tothink7.consumption8.who9.what10.varied/various题组B能力提升练三.选词填空priorto，consistof,slice...off,junkfood,stuff...with,asaresult，tendto，handinhand，ataminimum，berelatedto1．Wemakemistakeswhenwedothingsinahurry.2．People’sunderstandingoftheruleoflawtheireducationallevel.3．Acomputerthousandsofcomponents.4．Itwouldhaveruntotensofthousandsofwords．5．,smoking,lackofexerciseandsoongenerallyhavethesameeffecteverywhereintheworld.6．Industrialprogressshouldgowiththedevelopmentofagriculture.7．Justphoneinyourorderthreeormoredaysdeparture.8．Allsingerskepttogether.,theirperformancewassuccessful.9．Hisearswerecottonandhissenseofhearinghadsuddenlyfailed.10．Justenoughmeatforyourdinner,andputtherestback.【答案】1.tendto2.isrelatedto3.consistsof4.ataminimum5.Junkfood6.handinhand7.priorto8.Asaresult9.stuffedwith10.sliceoff四.补全句子1．,workingathomehasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.简而言之，在家办公既有优点又有缺点。2．Inaway，reflectsyourpersonality.在某种程度上，你的穿着反映了你的个性。3．Ihadtogiveuptheplantowatchthefootballgameattheweekend.由于抽不出时间，我不得不放弃周末去看足球比赛的计划。4．TheOlympicGames,,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1900.奥运会在公元前776年首次举办，直到1900年才有女选手参加。5．Thankyouforflyingwithusandhopeto．感谢您乘坐我们的班机，希望有幸再次为您服务。6．Thoughtheyfailed,theystill．尽管他们失败了，但他们仍像往常一样努力工作。【答案】1.Putsimply/Simplyput/Toputitsimply2.whatyouarewearing3.Unabletoaffordthetime4.firstheldin776BC5.havethepleasureofservingyouagain6.workedashardasusual题组C培优拔尖练一.课文语法填空PriortocomingtoChina,myonlyexperiencewithChinesecookingwasinAmerica,withChinesefoodthat1.(change)tosuitAmericantastes.Later,IhadachancetoexperienceauthenticChinesefoodby2.(come)toChina.ASichuanrestauranthadbeenrecommendedtomeandmyfamilybyafriend.3.(tire),hungry,andnotknowingawordofChinese,wehadnoideahowtoorder,4.thechefjustbeganfillingourtablewiththebestfoodwehadevereaten.Withthis,wehadthepleasureofexperiencingan5.(entire)newtaste：Sichuanpeppercorns.Thefoodwaswonderfulanddifferent,but6.wasevenmoreimportantwasthefriendship7.(offer)us.InnorthernXinjiang，thetraditionalfoodsarewhatyoucancookover8.openfire—usuallyboiledorroastedmeat.FromsouthtocentralChina,ineachplaceweexperiencedwonderfullocal9.(dish),fromGuangdong’selegantdimsumtotheexceptionalstewednoodlesinHenan.Everywhere,thefoodwasasvariedasthepeople.However,onethingisalwaystrue:Throughfood,Chinesepeopleeverywhereshowfriendshipand10.(kind)．答案1.hadbeenchanged【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：在来中国之前，我对中国烹饪的唯一体验是在美国，那里的中国食物已经改变了以适应美国人的口味。Chinesefood与change之间是被动关系。根据句意可知，此空应该是发生在来中国之前，因此用过去完成时的被动语态。2．coming【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，我通过来中国有机会体验了正宗的中国食物。bydoingsth通过做某事。3．Tired【解析】考查词形转换。又累又饿。此处应用形容词作状语。4．so【解析】考查连词。句意：又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们不知道怎么点菜，于是厨师开始在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的饭菜。根据句意，我们可以判断上下文为因果关系，空前的部分是因，空后的部分是果，故用so连接。5．entirely【解析】考查词形转换。此处指我们有幸体验了一种全新的味道。注意此空修饰的是new，所以用副词修饰。6．what【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：食物很美味、很不同，但更重要的是给予我们的友谊。设空处引导主语从句，同时作从句的主语，意为“……的事情”，故填what。7．offered【解析】考查非谓语动词。friendship与offer之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，修饰前面名词friendship。8．an【解析】考查冠词。此处指传统食物就是你可以在一堆明火上烹饪的东西。此处表示泛指，open以元音音素开头，故填an。9．dishes【解析】考查名词单复数。此处指在每个地方我们都品尝了当地的美食。dish为可数名词，前面没有限定词，故用其复数形式。10．kindness【解析】考查词性转换。句意：通过食物，各地的中国人都表现出友谊和善良。由空格前的and及friendship可以判断，此处应该用名词。二.语法填空Thereismoreofa1.(connect)betweenfoodandculturethanyoumaythink.Onanindividuallevel,wegrowupeatingthefoodofou