【课件】Welcome+Unit+Discovering+Useful+Structures+句子基本结构必修第一册

Discovering

UsefulStructure

1.句子的基本成分S（主语）V（谓语动词）O（宾语）P（表语）A（状语）DO（直接宾语）IO（间接宾语）C（宾语补足语）主语在英语里,主语应该是一个句子中第一个独立的名词（或名词性结构）。具体地说,它的实现形式包括狭义的名词、代词、数词、不定式结构,等等。如：GinaisfromAustralia.吉娜来自澳大利亚。Sheoftengoestothemovies.她经常去看电影。Threeisenough.三个就够了。Doingtheworkishardforhim.做这项工作对他来说很辛苦。Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。Whatheneedsisabook.他需要的是一本书。-名词-代词-数词-动名词-不定式-主语从句“什么人”或“什么事物”主语

In

my

heart,

I

am

a

soldier.在陈述逻辑当中,一个英语句子的主语天然就是最前面的那个独立的名词。谓语谓语是句子中第一个独立的动词(或动词性结构)。（vt.及物动词/vi.不及物动词）说明主语“做什么”或“怎么样”ＳＶ（不及物动词）1.Time2.Themoon3.Weall4.They

5.He6.He

7.Theyflies.rose.eat,anddrink.(vt./vi)talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterday.isplaying.(vt./vi)havegone.ＳＶ（及物动词）Ｏ(宾语)1.Who2.She3.He4.He5.They6.Danny7.I8.Heknowslaughedatunderstandsmadeatelikeswantsaidtheanswer?her.English.cakes.someapples.burgers.tohaveacupoftea."Goodmorning."在没有谓语之前,主语和宾语都指示独立的名词性个体。因此,既然主语是一句话的第一个独立名词,谓语构建的是主语和宾语之间的关系,那么宾语就应该是一句话中谓语后面的第一个独立名词（或名词性结构）。宾语表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词充当。放在及物动词或者介词之后。CanIasksomequestions?Heislookingatthedog.Hegaveme

threebooks.Tomteachesus

English.

直接宾语directobject

间接宾语indirectobject双宾语ＳＶ（及物）IO（多指人）DO（多指物）1.She2.She3.He4.He5.I6.I7.I8.Hepassedcookedbroughtboughtshowedgavetoldshowedhimherhiswifeyouherhimhimmeanewdress.adeliciousmeal.adictionary.nothing.mypictures.ahand.howtorunthemachine.thatthebuswaslate.主系表“主系表”就是“主是表”。而“表”就是“表现”,个体表现出来的样子。所以,主系表结构实质上就是说明主语“是什么”、“怎么样”。比如:Hermotherisateacher.Thefoodtastesdelicious.What'sthedifferencebetweenpredictiveandobject?表语和宾语有什么不同？系动词(link-verb)本质上就是“是”动词一be动词、感官动词(feel摸起来是，

look看起来是，sound听起来是，……但这些其实都逃不开“是”这个内核)。主系表状态beThedoctorareverypatient.持续keep,remain,stay,Healwayskeptsilent.像seem,appear,lookHeseems(tobe)verysad.感官feel,smell,sound,tasteThiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.变化become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,runShegrewrichwithinashorttime.终止prove,turnoutHisplanturnedoutasuccess.用来补充说明宾语的情况。“宾语+宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。

宾语补足语(objectcomplement)Weelectedhimourmonitor.我们选举他做班长。JakieaskedhertotakeJadeoutofschool.ＳＶ（及物）Ｏ（宾语）Ｃ（宾补）1.We2.They3.They4.They5.What6.We7.He8.Ikeeppaintedcallfoundmakessawaskedsawthetablethedoorsupperthehousehimhimmethemclean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.tocomebacksoon.gettingonthebus.2.简单句的基本句型·SV

Allofus

laughed!·SVO

I

miss

mygrandma.·SP

Theteacher

waskindandfriendly.·SV

IO

DO

He

told

us

afunnystory.·SVOC

I

found

mostofmyclassmatesandteachers

friendlyandhelpful.·SVA

He

talked

toomuch.·SVOA

I

had

myfirstmathsclass

atseniorhighschool.·Therebe…

There’salottoexploreatseniorhigh.Activity1Readthesentencesandanalysethestructures.EXAMPLE：We

laughed.SV1The100-year-oldschool

lies

inthecentreofthecity.2We

mustact.3Themathshomework

lookseasy.4Theteacher

found

theclassroom

empty.SVASVSPSVOC5Mymum

bought

me

anewdictionary.6Tom

islookingforwardto

meetingthenewexchangestudent.7Thereis

anEnglishCorneratourschool.8We

had

chemistry

inthenewlybuiltlab.SSVIODOTherebe...VOSVOAActivity2Readthepassageandanalysethestructuresoftheunderlinedsentences.Howwouldyouliketogotoschoolandtraveltheworldatthesametime?ForTim,thatdream

hascometrue!Thisterm,Timandhisclassmates

areliving

onaship!Theytakethesamesubjectsasyoudo,likemathsandEnglish.They

alsolearnabout

shipsandthesea.Tim

writes

hisparents

anemaileveryweekandtells

them

whathappenedontheship.Activity2Readthepassageandanalysethestructuresoftheunderlinedsentences.There’s

alwayssomethingexcitingtodo.And,afteralongdayofstudy,helikestowatchthesungodownandwaitforthestarstocomeout.Studyinganddoinghomework

seemmuchmorefunwhenyouareatsea!英文句子模型英文模型（陈述）（状1）主（定1）谓（状2）（宾）（定2/状1）中文模型（状1/定1）主（状2）谓（定2）（宾）（状1）那一刻,我在他眼中看到了对我的爱意。Atthatmoment,

Isaw

inhereyes

thelovetome.英文句子模型英文模型（陈述）（状1）主（定1）谓（状2）（宾）（定2/状1）中文模型（状1/定1）主（状2）谓（定2）（宾）（状1）现在,我在教室里听这个老师讲的英语课。Now,I

amlearningintheclassroomanEnglishlessongivenbythisteacher.英文句子模型英文模型（陈述）（状1）主（定1）谓（状2）（宾）（定2/状1）中文模型（状1/定1）主（状2）谓（定2）（宾）（状1）在这次会议上,总统靠自己做出了能够解决问题的方案。Inthismeeting,thepresident

madeonhisownaplanthatmaysolvetheproblem.英文句子模型英文模型（陈述）（状1）主（定1）谓（状2）（宾）（定2/状1）中文模型（状1/定1）主（状2）谓（定2）（宾）（状1）由于通信网络的快速发展,中国智能手机用户的数量近年来以惊人的速度增长。Withtherapidgrowthoftele-communicationnetwork,thenumberofusersofsmartphonesinChinahasincreasedatstunningspeedinrecentyears.英文句子模型英文模型（陈述）（状1）主（定1）谓（