2020版高考英语大一轮复习1Unit1Greatscientists知能演练轻松闯关(含解析)新人教版

Unit1GreatscientistsⅠ阅读理解A(2019·烟台诊疗)Grandparentswhohelpoutoccasionallywithchildcareintheircommunitytendtolivelongerthanseniorswhodonotcareforotherpeople,accordingtoastudyfromBerlin,Germany.“Havingnocontactwithgrandchildrenatallcannegativelyimpactgrandparents’health.Thislinkcouldbedeeplyrootedinourevolutionarypastwhenhelpwithchildcarewasimportantforthesurvivalofthehumanspecies，”saidSonjaHilbrand,oneoftheresearchers.Thefindingsaredrawnfromdataonmorethan500peopleoverage70.Overall,afteraccountingforgrandparents’ageandgeneralstateofhealth,theriskofdyingovera20-yearperiodwasone-thirdlowerforgrandparentswhocaredfortheirgrandchildren，comparedwithgrandparentswhoprovidednochildcare.Caregivingwasassociatedwithalongerlifeevenwhenthecarereceiverwasn’trelative.Halfofallchildlessseniorswhoprovidedsupporttofriendsorneighborslivedforsevenyearsafterthestudybegan,whilenon-helperslivedforfouryearsonaverage.“Caregivingmaygivecaregiversapurposeoflifebecausetheymayfeelusefulforothersandsociety.Caregivingmaybethoughtalsoasanactivitythatkeepscaregiversphysicallyandmentallyactive，”saidProfessorBrunoArpino.Arpinonoted,however,thatcaregivingisnottheonlyactivitythatcanimprovehealthandthattoomanycaringresponsibilitiescantakeawayfromotherbeneficialactivitieslikeworking,beinginsocialclubs,orvolunteering.“Childrenshouldtake__into__accounttheirparents’needs,willingness,anddesiresandagreewiththemonthetimingandamountofchildcare，”hesuggested.“Itisveryimportantthateveryindividualdecidesforhimself/herself,what‘properamountsofhelp’means，”Hilbrandsaid,adding,“Aslongasyoudonotfeelstressedabouttheintensity(强度)ofhelpyouprovideyoumaybedoingsomethinggoodforothersaswellasforyourself.”【解题导语】德国柏林一项研究发现，祖父亲母亲适合地帮忙照料孙辈比不照料孙辈的老年人寿命长。1．Whatisthecaregivingstudybasedon?A．Humanevolutionaryhistory.B．Demandofmodernsociety.C．Socialcontactbetweenrelatives.D．Dataonmanyelderlypeople.D分析：推理判断题。依据文章第三段第一句可知，上的老人的数据剖析得来的。应选D项。2．InArpino’sopinion,childcare________．

这一发现是从对

500多个

70岁以A．issuretokeepoldpeopleawayfromillnessesB．allowsoldpeopletoliveamoremeaningfullifeC．createsmorejobopportunitiesforoldpeopleD．makessocialactivitiesinaccessibletooldpeople分析：推理判断题。依据题干中的“Arpino’sopinion”定位至文章第五段中的“Caregivingmaygivecaregiversapurposeoflifebecausetheymayfeeluseful

forothersandsociety.

”可知，看护儿童让看护人感觉生活有了目的，因为他们感觉自己对别人和社会是实用的，也就是说，看护儿童能够使他们感觉生活得存心义。应选3．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“takeintoaccount”inParagraph

B项。6probablymean?A．Limit.C．Favor.D分析：词义猜想题。依据第六段中的“awayfromotherbeneficialactivitieswillingness,anddesiresandagreewith

B．Ignore.D．Consider.toomanycaringresponsibilities”及下文的“...theirparentsthemonthetimingandamountof

cantake’needs,childcare”可知，过多的照看责任会使老人没法从事其余存心义的活动，所以孩子应试虑老人的需求、意向和渴求，赞同他们照料孩子的时间长度和强度的选择。由此可猜想，takeintoaccount意为“考虑”，与consider意义邻近。应选D项。4．Whatdoesthelastparagraphtellus?A．Grandparentscandoanythingintheirowninterests.B．Grandparentsshouldsharemoresocialresponsibilities.C．Properamountsofchildcaredogoodtograndparents.D．Caregivingguaranteeseverygrandparentalongerlife.C分析：细节理解题。依据最后一段中的“Aslongasyoudonotfeelstressedabouttheintensity(强度)ofhelpyouprovideyoumaybedoingsomethinggoodforothersaswellasforyourself.”可知，只需你帮忙的强度不会让你感觉有压力，这对别人、对你自己都是有利处的。由此可知，适合地照料儿童对祖父亲母亲有利处。应选C项。B(2019·石家庄高三模拟)TooGoodToGoisasmartphoneappwhichallowsrestaurantstosellfoodthatwouldotherwisebethrownawayatdiscountpricesfromaslittleas￡2toamaximumof￡3.80,evenifthemealsaresoldfromtheveryfinestrestaurantsinthecountry.OriginallycreatedinDenmarkandlaunchedinBrightonandLeedsinJune,theservicehasrecentlybeenintroducedintotheUnitedKingdombyacoupleofyoungentrepreneurs(公司家)．Millionsoftonsoffoodsarethrowninthetrasheveryyear,withrestaurantsaccountingforalargepart,soeco-entrepreneursChrisWilsonandJamieCrummiecameupwiththegoodideatostopfoodwaste.UsingTooGoodToGonotonlyhelpsrestaurantssaveexpense,butgivespeopleinneedthechancetoorderfancydishesatlowprices.TooGoodToGoisveryconvenientforusers.RestaurantsmakefoodavailableontheTooGoodToGoappandwebsite.Peoplecanlookthroughtheavailabledishesonthesmartphones,payforthemusingacreditcardandpickthemupatasettime,anhourbeforeclosingtime.AlthoughTooGoodToGodoestakeafeefromrestaurantsforeachsale,itscreatorssaytheendgoalistouseitforrestaurantstosolvetheirwastemanagementproblem,ratherthanmakingaprofit.Wilsonclaims,“Theideaisthatrestaurantsstopproducingtheextrafoodsotheydon’tneedtothrowitawayinthetrash,andwereallywanttoputourselvesoutofbusinessbystoppingfoodwaste.”BirminghamhasbecomethelatestcitywhererestaurantscanreducefoodwastetothelowestlimitbyworkingwiththeTooGoodToGosocialenterpriseapp.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了TooGoodToGo这款手机软件，它可以帮助饭馆以较低的价钱办理要抛弃的食品，这样既防止了浪费，又给那些需要的人供给了爽口的食品。5．WherewasTooGoodToGooriginallylaunched?A．InDenmark.B．InBrighton.C．InBirmingham.D．IntheU．S.B分析：细节理解题。依据第一段中的“OriginallycreatedinDenmarkandlaunchedinBrightonandLeeds”可知，这款软件最先是在Denmark创建出来，在Brighton和Leeds倡始的，应选B项。6．What’stheappintendedtodo?A．Makeaprofitbysellingfoodonthewebsite.B．Allowrestaurantstosellfoodatlowprices.C．Helprestaurantstodealwithleftoverfood.D．Callonrestaurantstosavefoodandmoney.C分析：推理判断题。依据文章第二段中的“...soandJamieCrummiecameupwiththegoodideatostop

eco-entrepreneurfoodwaste...but

sChrisWilsongivespeopleinneedthechancetoorderfancydishesatlowprices.

”可知，这款软件的目的是阻挡食品浪费，不单帮助饭馆节俭花费，并且给那些需要的人供给一个廉价品味佳肴的时机，应选C项。7．Howdidthecreatorsoftheappmakeprofits?A．Bysellingcopiesoftheapp.B．Bytakingafeefrombuyers.C．Bychargingrestaurantsforeachsale.D．Bygettingdonationsfromentrepreneurs.C分析：细节理解题。依据文章第四段中的“AlthoughTooGoodToGodoestakeafeefromrestaurantsforeachsale”可知，该软件的创建者是经过向饭馆的每一单买卖收费来赚钱的，所以选C项。8．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Peoplecanpaylessmoneyforarichmeal.B．Theappismainlydesignedtohelpthepoor.C．Dishescanbesoldtomakealotofprofits.D．Peoplecangettheirorderedfoodathome.A分析：推理判断题。依据第一段中的“TooGoodToGhecountry.”和第二段中的“UsingTooGoodToGonotonlyhelpsrestaurantssaveexpense,butgivespeopleinneedthechancetoorderfancydishesatlowprices.”能够推知，因为TooGoodToGo软件的出现，人们能够花比较少的钱吃一顿丰盛的饭，应选A项。Ⅱ完形填空(2019·山西八校第一次联考

)Oneday,

while

wewerevisiting

myparents

onafarminlatesummer,Dadmentionedhe’dalwayswantedaCrimsonKingMapleTreefortheyard.Momagreedthatthetreeswere__1__．Likemanyotherparents,minewerehardto__2__for,soIfiguredthiswasagreatopportunitytogetthemsomethingthey’d__3__．Ialsothoughttwowouldbeevenbetter.Icheckedthe__4__atworkanddecideditwasabitmorethanIcould__5__—butallofmysiblings(兄弟姐妹)agreedtogivesomemoneytobuythetrees.InnorthernOhio，youdon’tplantmapletreesatChristmas,sowedecidedto__6__MomandDadwithaspecialChristmasinOctoberbeforetheground__7__．Weaskedmyauntifshe’dhelpuswiththe“__8__”，andshecalledmyparents__9__tosayshewascomingforaSundayvisit.Thenmysistersandsisters-in-lawwentinto__10__，planningabigholidayturkeydinner.Onthe__11__Sunday,weallmetatmyhouseand__12__thetreesintoatruck.I__13__asSantaClaus.Whenwearrivedatmyparents’house，Dadwas__14__somethingwaswrongfirst.HeandMomwereamazedwhenwetoldthem__15__wewerethere.WhenChristmas__16__，ofcourse,wecouldn’tgotoourparents’houseempty-handed,soMomandDadgot__17__presentsthatyear.Almosthalfacenturylater,I__18__drivebytheoldfarmandsmilewhenIseethosebig,handsome__19__andremembergivingaspecial__20__tospecialpeopleatChristmasinOctober.【解题导语】

本文是一篇记述文。作者叙述了自己和亲人们一同用特其余方式给其父母带来欣喜的经历。1．A.distinctive

B．fragrantC．expensive

D．prettyD分析：上文说起父亲想要在庭院栽种一棵枫树，下文说起“故此处应是母亲也欣然赞同，以为枫树很美丽(pretty)。distinctivefragrant“芬芳的”；expensive“贵的”。

thosebig,handsome”，“独出心裁的”；2．A.shop

B．representC．answer

D．careA分析：依据上文的“

Likemanyotherparents

，

minewerehardto

”，下文的“soIfiguredthiswasagreatopportunitytogetthemsomething

”以及接下来介绍的作者兄弟姐妹几人为父亲母亲买礼品的内容可知，此处指作者感觉给父亲母亲买东西是很难的，应选shop“购物”。3．A.deserveB．appreciateC．advertiseD．imagine分析：依据上文的“Dadmentionedhe’dalwayswantedaCrimsonKingMapleTreefortheyard...”及下文介绍的为父亲母亲买礼品的内容可知，此处指作者以为这是一个给父母买他们赏识的东西的好时机。deserve“值得，应得”；appreciate“感谢，赏识”；advertise“为做广告”；imagine“想象”。4．A.result

B．numberC．priceD．expressC分析：依据下文的“butallofmysiblings(兄弟姐妹)agreedtogivesomemoneytobuythetrees”可知，作者在上班时查察了一下枫树的价钱(price)，以为它的价钱比自己能支付得起(afford)的还要高一点。5．A.affordB．expectC．fancy

D．handle分析：拜见上题分析。6．A.frighten

B．assistC．surprise

D．reward分析：从下文作者结合其姑姑来帮忙实行这个计划以及计划详细实行的内容可知，作者他们想给父亲母亲一个欣喜(surprise)。7．A.warmedB．frozeC．softenedD．darkenedB分析：依据上下文语境及句中的“InnorthernOhio,youdon’tplantmapletreesatChristmas”及“aspecialChristmasinOctoberbeforetheground”可知，作者他们决定在土地上冻以前让父亲母亲度过一个特其余圣诞节。freeze“结冰”切合语境。8．A.trickB．purchaseC．choiceD．decorationA分析：依据上下文语境可知，作者咨询姑姑能否能够帮忙实行这个“骗局(trick)”。9．A.inadvanceB．intimeC．byaccidentD．onpurposeA分析：依据上下文语境可知，作者的姑姑提早(inadvance)给作者的父亲母亲打电话说她会在周日来拜见。intime“实时”；byaccident“不测处”；onpurpose“成心地”。10．A.serviceB．actionC．effectD．productionB分析：依据下文的“planningabigholidayturkeydinner”可知，随后，作者的姐妹和嫂子(或弟媳)行动起来。gointoaction“行动起来”切合语境。gointoservice“投入使用”；gointoeffect“奏效”；gointoproduction“投入生产”。11．A.regularB．separateC．givenD．chosenD分析：依据语境可知，作者和亲人们在选定的(chosen)那个周日聚到自己家里。12．A.sortedB．loadedC．transportedD．transplantedB分析：依据下文的“thetreesintoatruck”可知，作者他们把树装上(loaded)卡车。sort“整理”；transport“运输，运送”；transplant“移植”。13．A.dressedupB．passedoffC．lookedonD．startedout分析：依据下文的“asSantaClaus”可知，作者把自己装束(dre