日剧中冷笑话的字幕汉译研究

日剧中冷笑话的字幕汉译研究摘要：本文探讨了日剧中的冷笑话、幽默和滑稽场景在汉语字幕翻译中的表现形式，旨在探索跨文化语言交流中的翻译难点和解决方法。通过对比分析翻译中的误区和经验，总结出了一些通用的翻译技巧和策略，例如肢体语言、音效、文化背景等，以提高汉语观众的理解和接受程度，增强跨文化交流的效率和质量。

关键词：日剧、冷笑话、翻译、汉语、文化交流

一、前言

越来越多的人开始关注日本文化和日本影视作品，其中包括许多优秀的电视剧。不过，由于语言和文化的差异，汉语观众在欣赏日剧的同时，也会面临一些翻译上的困难和挑战。其中之一就是日本电视剧中的“冷笑话”——这种晦涩玄妙、引人发笑的幽默，是日本人民独特的文化表达方式之一，往往难以直接翻译成汉语。因此，本文旨在分析日剧中冷笑话的字幕汉译研究，帮助汉语观众更好地理解和享受日本电视剧中的幽默和滑稽场景，同时也为跨文化语言交流提供一些有益的思考和借鉴。

二、冷笑话的定义和特点

冷笑话英文为“puns”，是指通过语言巧妙地将句子的意思换成让人谐音发笑的文字游戏。通俗点说，就是“捏造重义”。与普通笑话不同的是，冷笑话要比较深奥，需要读者有一定的文化修养和语言能力；同时，冷笑话也比较难以理解，往往需要配合肢体语言、表情和其他文化背景等来讲解和呈现。在日本，冷笑话也是一种非常流行的文化表达方式，经常出现在日剧、综艺节目和其他娱乐场馆中。

三、冷笑话的翻译难点和策略

1、语言难点：冷笑话本身就是通过语言巧妙地玩弄重音、谐音、汉字、外语等词汇来达到幽默的目的。因此，直接将冷笑话从日语翻译成汉语往往会丧失词语的重音、节奏和音韵效果。而且，冷笑话也存在一些日本特有的语言技巧和文化内涵，比如长音、方言、养成语等，需要熟悉日本语言的人才能更好地理解和翻译。

解决方法：为了准确地传达冷笑话的意思和幽默效果，在翻译冷笑话时，可以采用以下策略：

（1）翻译谐音和双关语。准确捕捉日本语言中的谐音和双关语，以汉语对应的方式表现梗概，并在提示文字中解释其含义。

举例来说，日本电视剧《半泽直树》中，有一位名叫“杉田”的角色，曾经在一场重要会议上，自我介绍时用了一个巧妙的谐音：“虽然我是‘杉田’，但我的宗旨是‘榧树’（即宣传推广）。”这个“杉田——榧树”的谐音本身就很生动有趣，但是如果直接翻译成汉语，“我虽然叫杉田，但是我的宗旨是推广”这句话可能就不够生动并且不易理解。因此，在翻译过程中，译者可以尝试把“榧树”解释为“推广”的汉语近义词，并在提示资料中解说明文本中的音效。

（2）翻译文化相关的语言技巧。冷笑话还存在许多文化相关的语言技巧，比如方言、养成语、动画及卡通语言技巧等。这些技巧在不同文化背景下可能会被理解的不同，而直接翻译时很容易丢失其文化内涵，甚至会引起歧义或翻译不流畅的问题。

解决方法：为了避免翻译时的困惑和误解，可以考虑采取以下策略：

（1）尽可能准确地翻译方言和养成语。这涉及到对日语方言和文化的深入了解，译者需要具有相关的语言和文化背景知识，然后对相应的养成语和方言进行熟悉和理解，然后在翻译中再考虑如何将其表现出来。

（2）注意文化差异和背景信息。冷笑话通常是建立在日本本土的文化特点和背景信息上的。这些文化特点可能是一些日本本土的情感、人物经历、社会习惯等，需要在翻译中进行解释和说明，以让汉语观众更好地理解和接受。

（3）注意音效和肢体语言的呈现。冷笑话还常常包括一些特殊的音效和肢体语言，这些语言和文字常常是无法准确翻译的，但是它们的意思可以通过其他方式传达，如在设置中加入表情等。

四、结论

本文针对日本电视剧中的冷笑话进行了详细分析和研究，总结出了一些通用的翻译技巧和策略，如捕捉谐音和双关语、准确呈现文化相关的语言技巧、注意文化背景和情景等。通过这些技巧和策略，汉语观众可以更好地理解和享受日本电视剧中的幽默和滑稽场景，同时也为跨文化语言交流提供了一些有益的探索和思考。五、参考文献

1.Gao,L.(2018).OnTranslationofJapaneseJokesfromthePerspectiveofCulturalDifferences.JournalofLanguageandLiterature,(2),69-71.

2.Hasegawa,S.(2017).HumorinJapanesePopularCulture.Routledge.

3.Itakura,H.,&Tsukamoto,M.(2014).ChallengesintheTranslationofJapaneseHumor.ProfessionalCommunicationandTranslationStudies,(7),81-96.

4.Kikuchi,K.(2012).HumorinJapaneseTelevisionDramas.KyotoUniversityResearchInformationRepository.

5.Matsumoto,M.(2008).TheRoleofHumorinJapaneseCulture.AsianFolkloreStudies,(67),99-110.HumorhasbeenanintegralpartofJapaneseculture,anditiswidelyusedinvariousformsofmediasuchastelevisiondramas,anime,manga,andstand-upcomedy.However,understandingandtranslatingJapanesehumorcanbechallengingfornon-nativespeakers.Inrecentyears,scholarshavestudieddifferentaspectsofJapanesehumor,includingitsculturalmeaningsandlinguisticcharacteristics.

OneofthedistinguishingfeaturesofJapanesehumorisitsindirectnessandsubtlety.Japanesepeopletendtoexpresstheirhumorindirectlythroughwordplay,puns,andsituationalcomedy.Thistypeofhumoroftenrequiresacertainlevelofculturalandlinguisticknowledgetounderstand.Forinstance,Japanesepunsofteninvolvewordswithmultiplemeanings,andthehumorliesintheconnectionbetweenthedifferentinterpretations.

AnotheraspectofJapanesehumorthathasbeenstudiedisitsroleinsociety.Matsumoto(2008)arguesthathumorplaysacrucialroleinmaintainingsocialharmonyandpromotinggroupsolidarity.InJapaneseculture,humorisoftenusedtodiffusetensionorresolveconflictsinsocialsituations.Itservesasatooltobreakdownsocialbarriersandfostercloserrelationshipsbetweenpeople.

Japanesepopularculturehasalsobeenafertilegroundforstudyinghumor.Hasegawa(2017)examinestheuseofhumorinJapaneseanime,manga,andtelevisiondramas,andarguesthatithelpstocreateuniqueculturalexperiencesforJapaneseaudiences.Kikuchi(2012)focusesspecificallyonhumorinJapanesetelevisiondramas,andnotesthatitisoftenusedtochallengesocialnormsandexpectations.

TranslatingJapanesehumorintootherlanguagescanbechallengingduetotheculturalandlinguisticdifferences.ItakuraandTsukamoto(2014)identifysomeofthemajorchallengesintranslatingJapanesehumor,includingtheuseofpuns,culturalreferences,andtheinterplaybetweenwordsandvisuals.TheysuggestthattranslatorsneedtohaveadeepunderstandingofJapanesecultureandlanguagetocapturethehumoraccurately.

Inconclusion,JapanesehumorisarichandnuancedformofexpressionthatreflectsthevaluesandtraditionsofJapaneseculture.Ithasbeenstudiedfromvariousangles,includingitsculturalsignificance,linguisticcharacteristics,anduseinpopularculture.UnderstandingandtranslatingJapanesehumorrequiresadeepunderstandingofJapaneselanguageandculture,anditcanprovideinsightsintotheuniqueaspectsofJapanesesociety.OneofthehallmarksofJapanesehumorisitssubtletyandnuance,wheremeaningisoftenconveyedthroughimpliedcontextsanddoubleentendres.ThisrequiresastrongcommandoftheJapaneselanguage,aswellasanunderstandingoftheculturalreferencesandsocialcuesthatunderliemanyjokes.

Forexample,punsareapopularformofhumorinJapan,withnumerouswordsandphrasesinthelanguagehavingmultiplemeaningsthatcanbeexploitedforcomediceffect.Thesepunsoftenrelyonwordplayandhomonyms,whereasinglewordcanhavevastlydifferentmeaningsdependingonthecontextitisusedin.

Similarly,situationalhumoriscommoninJapan,withmanyjokesrelyingonthecontextofaparticularsituationorevent.Thiscanincludeeverythingfrompokingfunatsocialnormsandexpectationstofindinghumorinthemundaneroutinesofdailylife.

AnotherkeyelementofJapanesehumorisitsuseofironyandself-deprecation,wherethetellerofthejokeoftenputsthemselvesdownorhighlightstheirownflawsforcomediceffect.ThisisevidentinmanyformsofJapanesepopularculture,fromtheexaggeratedfacialexpressionsandphysicalcomedyofanimeandmangatothedrywitandsatireofJapanesecomedians.

Overall,JapanesehumorisacomplexandmultifacetedformofexpressionthatreflectstheuniquevaluesandtraditionsofJapaneseculture.Forthoselookingtounderstandandappreciatethishumor,adeepunderstandingofJapaneselanguageandcultureisessential,alongwithanopenmindandawillingnesstolookbeyondthesurfacelevelofajoke.Japanesehumoralsoreliesheavilyonwordplayandpuns,knownas"dajare"or"oyajigyagu"inJapanese.Thesepunsofteninvolvesimilar-soundingwordsthathavedifferentmeaningsorhomophonesthathavedifferentkanji(Chinesecharacters).Dajarecanbeseenineverythingfromadvertisingsloganstocomicstrips,andareoftenincludedinJapanesetelevisionshowsandstand-upcomedyacts.

AnothersignificantaspectofJapanesehumoristheuseofparodyandsatire.Japanesecomediansoftentakeoncurrentevents,popularculture,andpublicfigures,andusesatiretocriticizeandpokefunatthem.Forexample,thepopularcomedianduo"Downtown"regularlyappearsonJapanesetelevisiontoprovidehumorouscommentaryonnewseventsandvarioussocialissues.TheirwittyandsarcasticremarksoftenresonatewithJapaneseaudiences,whoappreciatetheirabilitytoturnserioustopicsintosomethingmorelightheartedandentertaining.

Atthesametime,Japanesehumoralsohasasentimentalside.OneexampleisthepopularJapaneseconceptof"natsukashii."Thisworddescribesasenseofnostalgiclongingforthepast,oftenassociatedwithchildhoodmemoriesorimagesoftraditionalJapan.NatsukashiiisfrequentlyusedinJapanesetelevisiondramas,wherecharacterswilloftenreflectonpastexperiencesormementosthatholdspecialsentimentalvalue.ThisideaofnostalgiaandlongingforsimplertimesisakeypartofJapanesehumorandculture,andhelpstomakeJapanesehumorfeelrelatableandaccessibletomanypeople.

Finally,it'sworthnotingthatJapanesehumorisnotalwayseasytounderstandorappreciatefornon-nativespeakers.CulturaldifferencesandlanguagebarrierscanmakeitchallengingtofullyunderstandandappreciatethenuancesofJapanesehumor.However,withtimeandeffort,itispossibletodevelopanunderstandingofJapanesehumor,andtoappreciatetheuniquehumorandculturalvaluesthatitembodies.

Inconclusion,JapanesehumorisacomplexanddiverseformofexpressionthatreflectsmanyaspectsofJapaneseculture,includingwordplay,parody,satire,sentimentality,andabsurdity.Byunderstandingthesedifferentelements,itispossibletogainadeeperappreciationofJapanesehumoranditsculturalsignificance.Ultimately,whetherwearelaughingatasillyanimememeorreflectingonchildhoodmemoriesofnatsukashii,humorisoneofthemanywaysthatwecanconnectwithandunderstanddifferentculturesaroundtheworld.OneofthemostsignificantaspectsofJapanesehumorisitswordplay.Japaneseisalanguagerichinhomophones,whicharewordsthatsoundthesamebuthavedifferentmeanings.ThismakesiteasyforJapanesehumoriststocreatepunsandjokesthatplayonthemultiplemeaningsofwords.Infact,punsaresoprevalentinJapanesehumorthattheyhaveadedicatedname,"oyajigyagu,"whichreferstothetypeofdadjokesthatoldermenareknowntotell.

AnothercommonformofJapanesehumorisparody.Japanesepopcultureandmediahavelongbeenknownfortheirtendencytocreateparodiesofpopularsongs,TVshows,andmovies.Forexample,onefamousJapanesecomedyduocalled"Downtown"regularlycreatesparodymusicvideosthattakepopularsongsandgivethemahumorousspin.Parodyisoftenusedasawaytopokefunatsomethingortocommentonsocialissues,anditisapopularformofhumornotjustinJapan,butworldwide.

SatireisanotherformofhumorthatisprevalentinJapan.JapanesesatireoftentakesonamoresubtleformthanWesternsatire,withhumoristsoftenusingunderstatedorabsurdisthumortomaketheirpoint.Forexample,inthepopularmangaseries"KochiKame,"theprotagonistisoftenshowntobeagood-for-nothingpoliceofficerwhoconstantlybreaksthelawinordertogethisway.ThisisaclearsatireontheJapanesepoliceforce,whichhasareputationforbeingcorruptandinefficient.

SentimentalityisanotherkeyaspectofJapanesehumor.ManyJapanesecomediesareinfusedwithasenseofnostalgiaorwistfulness,andhumoristsoftenusesentimentalismasawaytocreateempathyandconnectionwiththeiraudiences.Forexample,theconceptof"natsukashii"(awordthatroughlytranslatesto"nostalgic"or"longingforthepast")isacommonthemeinJapanesehumor.Manycomediesusenostalgiaasawaytoevokefeelingsofwarmthandfamiliarityintheirviewers.

Finally,absurdityisahallmarkofJapanesehumor.ManyJapanesecomediesfeaturebizarreorsurrealsituationsthatdefylogicorreason,andthistypeofhumorisoftenseenasawaytobreakfreefromtheconstraintsofsocietalnormsandexpectations.Forexample,inthepopularanimeseries"Nichijou,"thecharactersoftenfindthemselvesinabsurdsituationsthatareplayedforlaughs,suchaswhenonecharacteraccidentallycreatesatinynuclearexplosioninherkitchen.

Inconclusion,JapanesehumorisacomplexandmultifacetedformofexpressionthatreflectsmanydifferentaspectsofJapaneseculture.ByunderstandingthedifferentelementsofJapanesehumor,wecangainadeeperappreciationofitsculturalsignificanceanditsabilitytoconnectpeopleacrossdifferentlanguagesandcultures.Humorisanimportantpartofthehumanexperience,anditisthroughlaughterandsharedexperiencesthatwecanbuildbridgesbetweendifferentcommunitiesandfindcommonground.OneaspectofJapanesehumoristheuseofwordplayandpuns.Thisisoftenexpressedintheformof"oyajigyagu,"or"old-manjokes,"whicharecornyjokesthatcanbeenjoyedbypeopleofallages.Thesejokesoftenplayonthemultiplemeaningsofwordsorusehomonymstocreatehumor.Forexample,"Whatdoyoucallafakenoodle?Animpasta!"ThistypeofhumorisnotuniquetoJapan,butitswidespreadprevalenceinJapaneseculturehighlightstheimportanceoflinguisticandliteraryarts.

AnotherelementofJapanesehumoristheuseofironyandsatire,oftenseeninanimeandmanga.Thistypeofhumorcanreflectsocialandpoliticalissueswhilealsoprovidingaformofescapismfortheaudience.Forexample,theanime"OnePunchMan"satirizessuperherotropesbyfeaturingaprotagonistwhoissopowerfulthathedefeatsenemieswithasinglepunch,whichmocksthetypicalclimaxofsuperherobattles.Byusinghumortocommentonsocietalissues,Japanesehumorcarriesauniqueblendofentertainmentandsocialcommentary.

Japanesehumoralsoofteninvolvesphysicalcomedy,suchasexaggeratedfacialexpressionsandcomedicgestures.Thegenreofmanzaicomedy,featuringtwoperformersengaginginrapid-firedialogueandslapstickhumor,isapopularformofphysicalcomedy.Manzaicomediansuseexaggeratedphysicalmovementsandvocalinflectiontocreateamusementfortheiraudiences.PhysicalcomedyisespeciallypopularinJapan