中学生英语语法句子及句子成分

语法复一：子成；简单句并列和复合句一、句成分（一）句成分的义：成句子的各个部分叫做子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有语和谓语；次要成分有表语、语、定语、状语、补语和同位语（二）主：语是一个句子所叙述主体，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、词化的形容词和主语从句等表。例如：During1990s,countrymusicbecome（名词）WeoftenspeakEnglishin（代词）ofthestudentsinthis（数词）intherivergreat（不定式Smokingtothehealth.（动名词）richhelppoor.（名词化的形容词）WhengoinghaveEnglishtestbeen（主语从句）Itistomasterforeign（it作形式主语的主语为后面的不式）（三）谓：语说明主语所做的作或具有的特征和状态。动词句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个词或动词短语构成。：running2、复合谓语）情态动词或其他助动词动词原形构成。Youkeepthebookforhascaught（2）由系动词表语构成Wearestudents.（四表语表语用以说明主的身份特征和状态一般位于系动（

become,get,look,seem

等）之后。表语般由名词、代词、形容词、分、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语副词及表语从句表示。例如：ofEnglishisAmerican.（名词）ityours?代词）weatherturned（形容词）is（分词）timesistwentyone?（数词）HisistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hisplayingfootball.（名词）machineoutof（介词短语classisover.（词）truththathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）（五）宾：宾表示动的对象或承爱者，一般位于及动词和介词后面。例如：Theywenttoanexhibition（名词）preventedformschooltime.（代词）1

manydictionariesdoyouIhavefive.（词）Theyhelpedoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名化形容词）pretendednotsee（不定式短语）Ienjoylisteningtomusic.（名词短语）Ithink（）hefitforhisoffice.（宾语从）种类）双宾（间接宾+直宾语如：Lendmedictionary（2）复合宾语（宾+宾补如：electedhimtheirmonitor（六）宾补足语英语中有些及物动词，除一个直接宾语以外，还要有个宾语补语，才能使句子的意完整有宾语补语的一般句型为及动make等宾语+宾补宾补可由名词、容词、副词、不定式、分词、词短语和从句充当。例如：Hisfathernamedhim（名词）Theypainted（形容词）in.（副词）Youmustn’tforcehimhistoyou.（定式短语）Weher（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginlabingoodorder.（介词短语）Wewillsooncitywhatcity（从句）（七）定：修名词或词的词、短语或从句称为定语定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilincity.（形容词Americaisdevelopedcountry.（词）arethirtywomenourschool.（词）HisrapidinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）monitoralwaysfirstenterclassroom.（不定式短语）teachingplanfortermhasworked（动名词）anarticleabouttolearn（介词短语）（八）状：饰动词、形容词、副词整个句子，说明动作或状态征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形表示：Lightquickly.（副及副词性词组hasintheforyears.介词短语）proudtohavepassednationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短语）intheroommakingamodelplane.（词短语）Waitaminute.名词）begin,mustcontinue.（语从句）种aboutmeetingagainsix?（时间状语）Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartyof（因状语）Ishallgothereifitdoesn’t.（条件状语）MrSmithlivesonthirdfloor.（地点状语）Sheeggsintobasketwithgreatcare.（方式状语）2

Shecameinwithinherhand.（伴状语）Incatchwiththeothers,Imustharder.（目的状语）wassothathefell（结果状语）Sheworksveryhardsheold.（步状语）Itallerheis.（比较状语）（九补语补足主语和宾语意义的句子成分足主语意义的句叫主语补足语也叫表语)，补足宾语意义的子成分叫宾补足语。可作补语的词形容词，名，不定式，分，介词短语等。Theynamedhim名词补语）Whatmakesmeangry.(形容词作补语）askedmegoher.(定式作补语）Wesinginggarden.（分词作补语）Everythingwasgoodcondition.(介词短语作补语）练习一一、指出下句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsontheschool2.Hemethenewspaper.3.Ianswer4.WhatbeautifulChinesepainting!5.wenthuntingtogetherearlymorning.6.Hisjobistotrain7.HetookoftheinBeijing.8.goingbeanfilm9.HeforShanghaitomorrow.Hiswishistoascientist.toworkintime.Tomtomeforadvice.founditimportantDohavesay?bepronunciationgood.tellmesat,anewspaper.Itisdutytokeepourclassroomandtidy.noticedaenterroom.applestasted3

二、选择空：()1.willleaveforBeijing.NowthereTheherenowD.The()2.Theweather____.andB.andwetD.werecold()3.Theapple____.sweetsB.sweetlynicelyD.()4.uplatelylateC.D.latter()5.wereallverytired,noneoftotakerest.Us,weC.We,ourD.we()6.foundthestreet______.crowdB.crowdingcrowdedD.()7.I_____necessarytolearnwell.itsitC.D.that二、简单句并列句和复句（）子类两分法1、按句子的用途可分四种1）陈述句（说明一种实或陈述一种看法fasterthan2）疑问句（提出问题共有四种a.般疑问句

Dotheyb.殊疑问句H

owdothat?c.择疑问句d.意疑问句

Doyouwantteaorcoffee?tknow3）祈使句（表示请求建议或发出命令Don’ttalkclass4）感叹句（表示说话惊奇，喜悦，愤怒等情绪）2、按句子的结构可分三种1）简单句：只有一个语和一个谓语。e.g.oftenreadsEnglishinandMikeareboys.2)并列句包含两个或两个以上主谓结的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。isgood,Ihadlittle3）复合句：包含一个句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导复合句包括：名性从句（主语从句、宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句和状语从句等。4

e.g.Thefilmhadweto（）单的五基句型1、主+系+：

e.g.isa2、主+及物动词：work.3、主+物动+宾语

：Henryboughtdictionary.4、主+物动+双宾（间接宾语+接宾语

e.g.Myboughtacar.5、主+物动+复合语（宾+宾补

e.g.Tombabylaugh.注：其他各种句都可由这一种基本句型扩展、化或省略而构成。（）列的分1、表示连接两个同等念，常用

and,notonlyalso…,neither…nor…,then

等连接。e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameJohn.2、表示选择，常用的词有

or,either…or…,otherwise

等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.3、表示转折，常用的词有

but,still,however,yet,while,when

等。e.g.manwiththickglasses,heaofmakingclasseslivelyand4、表示因果关系，常的连词有

so,

等。e.g.oftheforriveharvest,dayIworkfromdawnuntildark.练习二简单、并句和复合一、判断下句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1.oftenstudyhistoryFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhomehisseatTom.3.Thereisachairinthisisn’tthere?4.brotherandIgoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningcomeatseveninthe5.HeinClassandIinClassTwo.二、选择填：1.Giveonemoreminute____I’llbeabletofinishit.andB.orC.ifD.so2.hetomeetbrotherHowWhatWhataD.an3.areinoffice.Someloveclimbing,____othersenjoyswimming.orB.forwhileD.4.----Doyoufeelgoing____youratherhavedinnerhome?----I’dliketogoout.orC.D.so5.friendly____toHow,isB.she5

How,sheisD.sheis6.Marytoearly,____feltveryorB.forD.yet7.____whenshecutherfinger.makingB.makingD.made8.Helay____readfromB.C.D.9.----I’dreallylikesomebutIhaveworktodo.----____whatyouwantIcanitforTellmeIfwouldtowilltellD.Ifyoutell