高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题附答案x

阅读理解专项突破III词义猜测【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】Theunderlinedword"…"probablymeans—.Theword“...''usedinparagraph**...Arefersto/suggestsThephrase"…"inthesentencecanbereplacedby.WhichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothewordWhatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinparagraph"...'TBysayingwemean.WhatdoyouthinkoftheexpressionUsiandsfor?&Themeaningofword**../*inthepassageisrelatedto.酬定文删释卿语义 -有些概念性生词出现后.作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修怖性从句或是定语•这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be,mean,dealwith,beconsideredtobe,referto,becalled,beknownas,define（下定义）,represent,signify（表示，表明），constitute（指。e）等。解秤则常用asyouknow,tobecalled,tomean,toreferto,thatis（tosay）,inotherwords,namely等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义.而复述部分可以是词.短语或从句。还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解秫说明前文。eg.1.Thepowerfulpoisonwasimpcrccmiblcwhenmixedinliquid,thatis,itcouldnotbetasted,seen,orsmelled.（无法察觉的.感觉不到的）2.TheGreekmarriagewasmonogamous--menandwomenwereallowedonlyonespouse（fid偶）atatime. （一夫一妻制）Exercises:Paniomimcreferstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken.—默剧，哑剧UAnthropologyisthescientificstudyofman.人类学Wewillmeetyouinthefoyer,theentrancehallofthetheatre.n厅Hebegantoshavehiswhiskers,whichhadgrownthickonbothcheeks（脸颊）.胡须Somecomputerscientistsarcdevelopingartiflcial-intclligcnccmachinesthattheysaywillthinklikepeople.人工智能Test1Thereisnocure（治愈）forAlzheimer's.ButadrugcalledARICEPThasbeenusedbymillionsofpeopletohelptheirsymptoms（症状）.WhatisARICEPT?（C）AmedicinetocureAlzheimer'sAmedicinetodelaysignsofaging.C,AmedicinetoreducethesymptomsofAlzheimer's.D.Amedicinetocurebraindamage.Test2HereisThePines,whosecookhasdevelopedaspecialwayofmixingforeignfoodsuchascaribou,wildboarandreindeerwithsurprisingsauces.

Accordingtothepassage,ThePinesisa.（D）placeinwhichyoucanseemanymobilehomesmountainwhereyoucangetagoodviewofthevalleytownwhichhappenstobeneartheBanffNationalParkrestaurantwhereyoucanaskforsomespecialkindsoffood二.利用例证猜测语义恭些阅读文章为了证实或说明茶一观点，常会举一些例子，而且时时会用一些标志性语言或标点符号来引出.如：括号、破折号、冒号等或诸如forexample,forinstance,suchas,andsoonJustas,like,similarity等连接词或词组。eg.1.Youmayborrowfromthelibraryanyperiodicals:Nature,NewsWeek,TimesandThelistener,期刊Someartistsplantheirpaintingsaroundgeometricformslikesquares,circlesandtriangles.（几何）Exercises:,Finallytheenemysurrendered.Theythrewdowntheirweapons（武器）andwalkedoutofthehomewiththeirhandsovertheirheads,_投降Applyanantiseptic,suchasalcohol（酒精），onlheskin.杀菌剂InthecomertheremaybeaChristmastreewithitsbranchesdecoratedwithshiningomamcnlssuchascoloredlightsandglassballs,andsometimeshungwithgifts.—装饰物TestThelargestplayer-ShanghaiBashiTourismCarRentaloffersawidevarietyofchoices一一deluxesedans>minivans,stationwagons*coaches.Santanasedansarcthebigfavorite•56Thewords"deluxesedans",“minivans”and“stationwagons"usedinthetextrefersto. （C）A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirmsC,carsforrentD.carmakers三.利用反义关系矗同义关系推测语义利用反义关系推测语义有些生词的后面往往会出现一个或几个反义词.或者表转折意义的连词，词组等.抓住这些可以帮助我们推断生词语义。标志词有although,but,however,whereas（反之），nevertheless（然而，不过）•onthecontrary,incontrast（相对），ontheonehand,ontheotherhand,foronething,foranother,instead（of）,ratherthan等。利用同义关系推币语义通常情况下，英语忌讳实词重复。避免重复的方法之一是利用同义词或近义词代替。同义词替换的修饰方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。标志词有：or,like,similarly等。cg.l.104studies,involving15,000peopleisprovingthatoptimism（乐观主义）canhelpyoutobehappier,healthierandmoresuccessful.Pessimismleads,bycontrast（相反）,tohopelessness,sicknessandfailure,andislinkedtodepression,lonelinessandpainfulshyness. 悲观主义— “一2.Mr.Smithlovestotalk,andhiswifeissimilarly（相同地）loauacious.慕话的，唠叨的 一Exercises:ThoughTom'sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckremainsgrubby.—肮脏的_同种的》相似的UnliketheUnitedSlates,wheremanydiftcrcntnationalitiesmakeupthepopulation,Japan%同种的》相似的Writtenlanguagetendstobestatic,whilespokenlanguageconstantlychanges•静态的，稳定的Hereplied(答复)quickly.Butafterheconsideredtheproblemmorecarefully,heregretted(后悔)havingmadesuchahastydecision.匆忙的，轻率的Althoughpeopleinmanycountriesconsiderrawmeatadelicacy(羌味)，wcChinesepeopleseldomcatanymeatthatisuncooked.生的，未力□工的_Test1Thegunnersliketodescribewhattheydoascharacter-building,butwcknewthattowoundananimalandwatchitgothroughtheagonyofdyingcanmakenobodyhappy.Theunderlinedword"agony”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans(C)A.formB.conditionC,painD.sadnessTest2Thehot-airballoontookoff.Itwasbuoyantintheairasacork(软木塞)inwater.Theword“buoyanl"inthissentencemostprobablymeans (C)A.abletobeused B.abletomovefromoneplacetoanotherC.abletofloatorrisetothesurfaceD.abletocarryanything四.用语境猜测语义(1)利用“小•’上下文推测词义，即利用生词附近的内容推断生词词义。如：Iamarcsoluicman.OnceIsetupagoal,1won'tgiveupeasily.坚决的•果断的(2)利用严r上下殳推测词义.即利用距离生词较远的内容，如叠个段落.篇章等来推断・eg.Zipwasstoppedduringthewarandonlyafterthewardiditbecomepopular.Whatadiflcrenceithasmadetoourlives!Itkeepspeopleathomemuchmore.Ithasmadetheremotepartsoftheworldmorerealtous.Photographsshowacountry,butonlyzipmakesfeelthataforeigncountryisreal.Alsowccanseescenesinthestreet.Bigoccasionsarezipped,suchasthecoronation(力口冕典礼)in1953andtheopeningofParliament.Perhapsthesullcrersfromziparethenotablepeople,who,astheystepoutofanairplane,havetofacethebatteryofzipcamerasandknowthateverymovement,everygesturewillbeseenbya"zippersonality八.PerhapswecansympathizewhenMembersofParliamentsaythattheydonotwantdebatestobezippedZipmeansA.cinema.B.photography.C・television. D.telephone.(C)Exercises:WhenIgottothetheatre,1wasrelievedtoseethatnobodywaswaitinginline.IwasthefirsttogetthereandsurethatIcouldgettheticketwithoutanyproblem.Theunderlinedword"relieved八inthepassagemaybestbereplaceby.(B.不确定)A.surprisedB・pleasedC・producedD.soldAppletreesmaynotgrowastallastwelvemeters.Theydobestinareasthathaveverycoldwinters.Althoughnofruitisyieldedduringthewinter,thiscoldperiodisgoodlorthetree・Theunderlinedword"yielded”inthelastsentencemeans (C)A.improvedB.increasedC・producedD.soldTestThesedaysagreenbuildingmeansmorethanjustthecolorofthepaint.Greenbuildingcanalsorefertoenvironmentallyfriendlyhouses,factories,andoffices.Greenbuildingmeans,“reducingtheimpactoflhebuildingontheland",TarynHolowkaoftheU.S.GreenbuildingcouncilinWashington,D.C・said.61.Inthesecondparagraph,theunderlinedphrase"thebuilding"mostprobablyrefersto—.（A）A.anordinarybuilding B.anenergy-savingbuildingC.agreen-coloredbuildingD.abuildinginWashington,D.C.五・知用构词法猜测语义 〜掌握前后缎规，慑如un・，igin-,dis-,il♦等前缀与Jess等后缀可构成反义词：后缀-ful,-ly,-ism,-ncss等可改换词性。而合成词要在正确理解两词的基础上，结合上下文把握两词之间的关系.猜测词义：而对词义的转化.也要求结合上下文来猜测。eg.1,Carrentalsarcbecomingmoreandmorepopularasaninexpensivewayoftakingtotheroad（不贵的）<€Evcnwhenamanissaidtobeabestfriend,”Rubinwrites“thetwosharelittleabouttheirinncrmosifeelings...内心的Inwrcwionism（印象派，卬^主义）isaformofartwhichbeganinthe1870s.Whenyoulookcloselyataninwressionisi（卬象派的）painting,youseelittledotsofdiilcrcntcoloredpaints.Whenyoumoveawayfromthepicture,thedotsofcolorsblendsandthepaintinglooklikeithaslightplayingonthepeopleandobjectsinthepicture.TestWithoutexaminations,employerswilllookforemployeesfromthehighlyrespectedschoolsandfromfamiliesknowntothem?Aformoffavoritismwillreplace（代替）equality（公平）•—Theword八favoritism'5inparagraph3isusedtodescribethephenomenon（现象）that_B.brighlchildrenalsoneedcertificationtogetsatisfying（令人满意的）jobschildrenfromwcll-respectedschoolstendtohavegoodjobspoorchildrenwithcertification（证书、资格）arcfavoredinjobmarketschildrenattendingordinaryschoolsachievegreatsuccess.（得到力戈功）A因果关系猪测词殳 J常见的因果号词有：asaresult,for,thus,because,forthisreason,so,since,consequently,sothat,so/such…that等。eg.Shewantedthehairdresser（发型师）totrimherhairabitbecauseitwastolong.（修剪剪短） 一Exercises:Theriverisso（urbidthatitisimpossibletosecthebottomevenwhenitisshallow._浑浊的Hedidn'lhearmyknockingatthedoorbecausehewascompletelyengrossedinTV.全神贯注的Itrained,sothetootballmatchwasposiponed.—推迟Theyoungmanwassobashfulthathedidn'lspeaktotheprettygirl.—害羞的七利用文花背:ft、生活常识猜测词义 ‘J—运用逻辑推理能力.结合社会文化背:ft和自身的生活经验及生活常识，再根据上下文推测•eg.1.Birdsflywiththeirwings,andtheypickuptheirfoodsandthencatthemwiththeirbeaksandtheyusetheirclaws（爪子）fortearing（撕），seizing（抓住）.pullingorholdingobjects（物体）-Mostoftherosesarebeginningtowither（枯萎）becauseofthecoldweather.Exercises:Thedrivertriedtoaverttheaccidentbybringingthecartoasuddenstop._避免，避开_Ifamanfeelsverycold,healwayshuddleshimselfup.蜷缩WhatcouldJohnexpect?Hehadlefthiswetswimmingtrunks（游泳裤）inthedark

closet（柜子）foroveraweek.Ofcoursetheyhadbeguntomildew.发霉Afishbreathesinwaterwithgills.—鱼鲤Test1Markgotonthemotorbike,1satbehindhimonthepillion,andweroaredoffintothenight.B.abayonwhichoncanrestD.aplaceforsiltingTheword“pillion"inthissentenceprobab（C）eans_B.abayonwhichoncanrestD.aplaceforsiltingA.anobjectusedforsleepingC.ascatforsecondpersononamotorcycleTest2OneofBritain'sbravestwomantoldyesterdayhowshehelpedtocatchsuspected（嫌疑的）policeKillerDavidBieberandwasthankedwithflowersbythepolice.Itwasalsosaidshecouldbeinlineforashareofupto£30,000rewardmoney.Theunderlinedphrase"beinlinefbf*inparagraph1means_（A）_.A.gelB.bepaidC,askforD.ownA?熟词做猜测熟词的陌生意义通常有三种情况：该熟词在新的具体语境中有了和原来考生所标的意义不同的如：firevt.解雇finevt.罚款falln.秋天standvt.忍受考查一些代词的指代现舄(3) 新词在新的语境中变换了词性eg.1.Themajormarketforceresultsin（在于）thegrowingpopulationofwhilc•c0113r（衣领）employees,whocanaffordthenewservice.（白领）Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodemlife?（描绘，想象）Manypeopleworktokeepanimalsfrombeingkillcd,Somepeoplehelpanimalsaspartoftheirjob,othersdoitjustbecausetheylikeanimals,Inthisparagraph,thewordrheir"refersto_（A）.A.somepeopleB.someanimalsC,manypeopleD.manyanimals思考*延伸到完形填空Thingswereverybadthatparticularwinter.Thenalettercamefromwherehersewingmachinewasbrought,announcingthattheywouldhavetopickuphermachinethenextdayunlesspaymentswerebroughtuptodate.1rememberthatwhenshereadtheletterIbecamefrightened.Icould_41_usstarving（tJL饿）todeathandallsortsofthingsthatcouldcometochild'smind.41.A.supposeB.pictureC,standD.regret（B）九实战训练Asyoumovearoundyourhome,takeagoodlookatthethingsyouhave.Ilislikelythatyourlivingroomwillhaveatelevisionsetandavideo,andyourkitchenawashingmachineandamicrowaveoven.Yourbedroomdrawerswillbefilledwithalmostthreetimesasmanyclothesasyouneed,Youalmostcertainlyownacarandpossiblyahomecomputer,holidayabroadatleastonceayearandeatoutatleastonceaweek.Now,perhaps,morethaneverbefore,peoplearcwonderingwhatlifeisallabout,andwhatitisfor.Seekingmaterialsuccessisbeginningtotroublelargenumbersofpeoplearoundtheworld.Theyfeelthatthelong-hoursworkculturetomakemoremoneytobuymorethingsiseatinguptheirlives,leavingthemverylittletimeorenergyforfamilyorpastimes.Manyarcturningtootherwaysoflivinganddownshihinpisoneofthem.SixpercentofworkersinBritaintookthedecisiontodownshiftlastyear,OnecouplewhodownshiftedisDanielandLiz.TheyusedtoworkincentralLondon.Hewasanewspaperreporterandsheusedtoworkforaninternationalbank.Theywouldgotoworkbytraineverydayfromtheirlargehouseinthesuburbs(郊区)，leavingtheirtwochildrenwithananny(保姆).MosteveningsDanielwouldn'tgethome