外文翻译基于PLC的异步电动机运行监控系统的设计与实施

word文档可自由复制编辑word文档可自由复制编辑word文档可自由复制编辑DesignandImplementationofPLC-BasedMonitoringControlSystemforInductionMotorZHUShao-ying，XUYu，HeZheng-wenXianJiaotongUniversity，Xian710049，P.R.ChinaAbstract：Theimplementationofamonitoringandcontrolsystemfortheinductionmotorbasedonprogrammablelogiccontroller(PLC)technologyisdescribed.Also,theimplementationofthehardwareandsoftwareforspeedcontrolandprotectionwiththeresultsobtainedfromtestsoninductionmotorperformanceisprovided.ThePLCcorrelatestheoperationalparameterstothespeedrequestedbytheuserandmonitosystemduringnormaloperationandundertripconditions.TestsoftheinductionmotorsystemdrivenbyinverterandcontrolledbyPLCproveahigheraccuracyinspeedregulationascomparedtoaconventionalcontrolsystem.TheefficiencyofPLCcontrolisincreasedathighspeedsupto95%ofthesynchronousspeed.Thus,PLCprovesthemselvesasaveryversatileandeffectivetoolinindustrialcontrolofelectricdrives.Keywords：Computer-controlledsystems,computerizedmonitoring,electricdrives,inductionmotors,motioncontrol,programmablelogiccontrollers(PLCs),variable-frequencydrives,voltagecontrol.INTRODUCTIONSincetechnologyformotioncontrolofelectricdrivesbecameavailable,theuprogrammablelogiccontrollers(PLCs)withpowerelectronicsinelectricmachinesapplicationshasbeenintroducedinthemanufacturingautomation[1],[2].Thisuseoffersadvantagessuchaslowervoltagedropwhenturnedonandtheabilitytocomotorsandotherequipmentwithavirtuallyunitypowerfactor[3].ManyfactoriesPLCsinautomationprocessestodiminishproductioncostandtoincreasequalityandreliability[4]–[9].Otherapplicationsincludemachinetoolswithimprovedprecisioncomputerizednumericalcontrol(CNC)duetotheuseofPLCs[10].Toobtainaccuraindustrialelectricdrivesystems,itisnecessarytousePLCsinterfacedwithpowerconverters,personalcomputers,andotherelectricequipment[11]–[13].Nevertheless,thismakestheequipmentmoresophisticated,complex,andexpensive[14],[15].FewpaperswerepublishedconcerningdcmachinescontrolledbyPLCs.Theyreportboththeimplementationofthefuzzymethodforspeedcontrolofadcmotor/generatorsetusingaPLCtochangethearmaturevoltage[16],andtheincorporationofanadaptivecontrollerbasedontheself-tuningregulatortechnoloanexistingindustrialPLC[17].Also,othertypesofmachineswereinterfacedwithPLCs.Thereby,anindustrialPLCwasusedforcontrollingsteppermotorsinafive-axisrotorposition,directionandspeed,reducingthenumberofcircuitcompoloweringthecost,andenhancingreliability[18].Forswitchedreluctancemotorsasapossiblealternativetoadjustablespeedacanddcdrives,asinglechiplogiccoforcontrollingtorqueandspeedusesaPLCtoimplementthedigitallogiccoupledapowercontroller[19].OtherreportedapplicationconcernsalinearinductionmotpassengerelevatorswithaPLCachievingthecontrolofthedrivesystemandtheacquisition[20].Tomonitorpowerqualityandidentifythedisturbancesthatdisruptproductionofanelectricplant,twoPLCswereusedtodeterminethesensitivityequipment[21].PLCASSYSTEMCONTROLLERAPLCisamicroprocessor-basedcontrolsystem,designedforautomationprocessesinindustrialenvironments.Itusesaprogrammablememoryfortheinternalstorageofuser-orientatedinstructionsforimplementingspecificfunctionssuchasarithmetic,counting,logic,sequencing,andtiming[23],[24].APLCcanbeprogrammedtosense,activate,andcontrolindustrialequipmentand,therefore,incorporatesanumberofI/Opoints,whichallowelectricalsignalstobeinterfaced.InputdevicesandoutputdevicesoftheprocessareconnectedtothePLCandthecoprogramisenteredintothePLCmemory(Fig.1).Fig.1.ControlactionofaPLC.Fig.1.ControlactionofaPLC.CONTROLSYSTEMOFINDUCTIONMOTORInFig.2,theblockdiagramoftheexperimentalsystemisillustrated.Thefolconfigurationscanbeobtainedfromthissetup.Aclosed-loopcontrolsystemforconstantspeedoperation,configuredwithspeedfeedbackandloadcurrentfeedback.Theinductionmotordrivesavariableload,ibyaninverter,andthePLCcontrolstheinverterV/foutput.Anopen-loopcontrolsystemforvariablespeedoperation.TheinductionmotordravariableloadandisfedbyaninverterinconstantV/fcontrolmode.Thestandardvariablespeedoperation.Theinductionmotordrivesavariableloaisfedbyaconstantvoltage-constantfrequencystandardthree-phasesupplyTheopen-loopconfigurationb)canbeobtainedfromtheclosed-loopconfiguratia)byremovingthespeedandloadfeedback.Ontheotherhand,operationc)resultheentirecontrolsystemisbypassed.IV.HARDWAREDESCRIPTIONThecontrolsystemisimplementedandtestedforawoundrotorinductionmotohavingthetechnicalspecificationsgiveninTableI.Theinductionmotordrivesadcgenerator,whichsuppliesavariableRload.Thethree-phasepowersupplyisconnetoathree-phasemainswitchandthentoathree-phasethermaloverloadrelay,whichprovidesprotectionagainstcur-rentoverloads.Therelayoutputisconnectedtotherectifier,whichrectifiesthethree-phasevoltageandgivesadcinputtotheinsubipolartransistor(IGBT)inverter.Itstechnicalspecifications[25]aresummarizedinTableII.TheIGBTinverterconvertsthedcvoltageinputtothree-phasevoltageowhichissuppliedtothestatoroftheinductionmotor.Ontheotherhand,theinvinterfacedtothePLC-basedcontroller.Fig.2Fig.2Electricaldiagramofexperimentalsystem.TABLEIINDUCTIONMOTORTECHNICALSPECIFICATIONSTABLEIIINVERTERTECHNICALSPECIFICATIONSThiscontrollerisimplementedonaPLCmodularsystem[5],[26]–[28].ThePLCarchitecturereferstoitsinternalhardwareandsoftware.Asamicroprocessor-basedsystem,thePLCsystemhardwareisdesignedandbuiltupwiththefollowingmodul[29]–[37]:·centralprocessorunit(CPU)·discreteoutputmodule(DOM)·discreteinputmodule(DIM)·analogoutputsmodule(AOM)·analoginputsmodule(AIM)·powersupply.OtherdetailsofthePLCconfigurationareshowninTablesIIIandIV.Aspeedsensorisusedforthespeedfeedback,acurrentsensorisusedforthcurrentfeedback,andasecondcurrentsensorisconnectedtothestatorcircuits[32].Thus,thetwofeedbackloopsoftheclosed-loopsystemaresetupbyusingtheloadcurrentsensor,thespeedsensor,andtheAIM.V.RESULTSThesystemwastestedduringoperationwithvaryingloadsincludingtestsoninductionmotorspeedcontrolperformanceandtestsfortripsituations.ThePLCmonitorsthemotoroperationandcorrelatestheparametersaccordingtothesoftwaAtthebeginning,forreferencepurposes,theperformanceofinductionmotorsuppliedfromastandard380V,50-Hznetworkwasmeasured.Then,theexperimentalcontrolsystemwasoperatedbetweennoloadandfullload(1.0Nm)inthetwodifferentmodesdescribedinSectionIII:inductionmotorfedbytheinverterandwithPLCcontrol;inductionmotorfedbytheinverter.TherangeofloadtorqueandofspeedcorrespondstothedesignofthePLChardwareandsoftwareasdescribedintheprevioussections.Thespeedversustorquecharacteristicswerestudiedintherange500–1500r/minandisillustratedinFig.7.Theresultsshowthatconfigurationb)operateswithspeed-varyingloadtorquecharacteristicsfordifferentspeedsetpointsn.spConfigurationa)operateswithconstant-speed-varyingloadtorquecharacteristicsinthespeedrange0–1400r/minand0–100%loads.However,intherangeofspeedshigherthan1400r/minandloadshigherthan70%,thesystemoperateswithvarying-speed-varying-loadandtheconstantspeedwasnotpossibletobekept.Thusn1400r/minbothcon-figurationsa)andb)haveasimilartorque-speedresponse.spThisfactshowsthatPIcontrolforconstantspeedasimplementedbythesoftwarePLCiseffectiveatspeedslowerthan93%ofthesynchronous.Fig.6.Flowchartofcutoff/restartmotorsoftware.Theefficiencyfordifferentvaluesofnwasalsostudied.InFig.8,thespefficiencyisshownnormalized,usingasbasevalueor1p.u.theefficiencyoftheinductionmotorsuppliedfromthestandardnetwork.AsdepictedinFig.8,thereshowthatconfigurationa)inallcaseshasahigherefficiencythanconfigurationatoperationwithloadshigherthan70%,thenormalizedefficiencyispu>1,meaningthattheobtainedefficiencywithPLCcontrolishigherthantheefficieninductionmotoroperatedfromthestandard380-V,50-HznetworkwithoutthecontrolofPLCandwithouttheinverter.Accordingtothisfigure,theefficiencyofPLC-contsystemisincreasedupto10–12%comparedtothestandardmotoroperation.Fromatheoreticalpointofview,ifweneglectmagnetizingcurrent,anapproxivaluefortheefficiencyiswheresistheslipandR,Rarethestatorandrotorwindingresistances,respectivel S RAscanbeseenfromFig.7,thePLC-controlledsystema)workswithverylowslipvalues,almostzero.Inallspeedandloadtorqueconditions,theconfigurationasmallerslipthanconfigurationb),thusthehighervaluesofefficiencycanbejandespeciallyathighspeedsandfrequencies.Atlowerfrequencies,themagneticincreasesand,thus,thereisanincreaseinmagnetizingcurrentresultinginincreasedlosses.Thissystempresentsasimilardynamicresponseastheclosed-loopsystemwithspeedcontrol.Itstransientperformanceislimitedduetooscillationsontorquethisbehaviorrestrictstheapplicationofthissystemtoprocessesthatonlyreqspeedvariation.word文档word文档VII.CONCLUSIONSuccessfulexperimentalresultswereobtainedfromthepreviouslydescribedschemeindicatingthatthePLCcanbeusedinautomatedsystemswithaninductionmotor.ThemonitoringcontrolsystemoftheinductionmotordrivenbyinverterandcontrolledbyPLCprovesitshighaccuracyinspeedregulationatconstant-speed-variable-loadoperation.TheeffectivenessofthePLC-basedcontrolsoftwareissatisfactoryupto96thesynchronousspeed.TheobtainedefficiencybyusingPLCcontrolisincreasedascomparedtotheopen-loopconfigurationoftheinductionmotorfedbyaninverter.Specifically,athighspeedsandloads,theefficiencyofPLC-controlledsystemisincreasedupto10–12%ascomparedtotheFig.9configurationStatorvoltageoftheinductionversusfrequencymotorsuppliedfromastandardnetwork.Fig.8Efficiencyofcontrolledsystem characteristicsofaninverterwithPLCcontrol.withandwithoutPLCperunitof可自由复制编辑 efficiencyofstandardsuppliedmotor.Despitethesimplicityofthespeedcontrolmethodused,thissystempresents:constantspeedforchangesinloadtorque;fulltorqueavailableoverawiderspeedrange;verygoodaccuracyinclosed-loopspeedcontrolscheme;higherefficiency;overloadprotection.Thus,thePLCprovedtobeaversatileandefficientcontroltoolinindustrialelectricdrivesapplications.ReferencesBashoreD,OliaroG,RoneyP,etal.FusionEngineeringandDesign,1999,43:239zuruYonekawa,ToshiyukaHiromi,HiromiAkasaka,etal.FusionEngineeringandDesign,2000,48:17RauppG,GruberO,MertensV,etal.ProtectionStrategyintheASDEX-UpgradeControlSystem.Proc.18thSymposiumonFusionTechnology,Karlsruhe(D),1994.Eds.HerschbachK,MaurerW,VetterJE,North-Holland,Publ.Amsterdam:Elsevier,1995:679、682[4]LiQiang.Thedivertorconfigurationpropertiesinlow-parameterdischargesonHL-2Atokamak.TheProceedingsofthe3rdWorkshopofChineseAcademyofSciencesonPlasmaPhysicsandFusionResearch,Heifei,China,2004,July3、6可自由复制编辑word文档可自由复制编辑word文档可自由复制编辑word文档可自由复制编辑word文档可自由复制编辑基于PLC的异步电动机运行监控系统的设计与实施朱少营，徐雨，何正文中国西安市西安交通大学邮编710049摘要：本文描述了基于可编程逻辑控制器（PLC）的异步电动机监测和控制系统的实施。此外，还提出了异步电动机的速度控制的硬件和软件要求。PLC程序与用户要求的速度运行参数及对系统在正常运行和跳闸条件下的监控情况相关。变频器驱动异步电动机系统的调速，并通过PLC控制，比传统的V/f控制的调速精度更高。PLC的控制效率在同步速度高速运行时提高了95%。因此，PLC证明了其在工业电力驱动控制中可作为用途非常广泛和有效的工具。关键词：计算机控制系统，计算机监控，电力驱动，异步电机，运动控制，可编程逻辑控制器（PLC），变频驱动，电压控制。一导言随着电力驱动的运动控制技术的面世，使用电力电子技术的可编程逻辑控制器（PLC）应用已引入制造自动化制造行业[1][2]。这种应用有很多优势，如，开启时较低的压降，使电机和其他设备具有一个几乎统一的功率因数的控制能力。许多工厂在自动化流程中使用PLC，以减少生产成本，提高质量和可靠性[4]-[9]。其他应用还包括在使用的PLC的基础上改进电脑数控机床（数控）的精度。为了获得准确的工业电力驱动系统，需要使用带电源转换器PLC的接口，个人电脑及其他电子设备[11]-[13]。尽管如此，这使得设备更精密，复杂，昂贵的[14]，[15]。涉及PLC控制直流电机的文章很少。这些文章涉及一些采用PLC控制电枢电压来调节直流电动机/发电机控制的速度的方法实施，及将基于自校正调节器技术的自适应控制器纳入到现有的工业PLC[17]。此外，其他类型的机器与PLC的连接。因此，工业PLC用于控制步进电机五轴转子位置，方向和速度，减少了电路元件数量，降低成本，提高可靠性[18]。由于开关磁阻电机可代替交流和直流驱动实现调速，单芯片逻辑控制器使用PLC控制转矩和速度，再加上一个电源控制器[19]，实现数字逻辑。作为一个可能的替代其他的一些应用涉及电梯的直线感应电机与PLC实现驱动系统的控制和数据采集[20]。为了监测电能质量和识别破坏电能生产的干扰，需要两个PLC来确定设备的灵敏度。PLC作为系统控制器一个PLC是一种基于微处理器的控制系统，用于在工业环境中的自动化进程控制。它使用一个可编程的存储器，用户至上的指示执行特定功能，如算术内部存储，计算，逻辑，顺序，时机[23]，[24]。PLC可编程来进行感应，动作和控制工业设备，因此，采用的I/O点，允许电信号接口。输入设备和输出设备连接到PLC的控制程序输入到PLC内存（图1）。在我们的应用程序中，它通过模拟和数字输入和输出控制不同的恒定负载的异步电动机的运行速度。此外，PLC根据控制程序连续监测输入和激活输出。这是特定的硬件模块，直接插入一个专有总线：中央处理器单元（CPU），电源图1PLC的控制动作PLC控制程序输入输出供应器，输入输出模块I/O，程序终端组成的组合式PLC系统。图1PLC的控制动作PLC控制程序输入输出异步电机控制系统实验系统框图如图2所示。系统配置可由下列步骤进行。恒定转速的闭环控制系统，由速度反馈和负载电流反馈系统构成。感应电机驱动变量的负载，信号由变频器送入，PLC控制变频器的V/f输出。一个开环变速操作控制系统。异步电机驱动变量负载。标准变速操作。异步电动机驱动变量负载，接收恒定的电压恒定频率标准的三相供电的反馈信号四硬件描述该绕线式异步电机实施和测试控制系统的技术规格在表一给出。异步电动机驱动直流发电机，它提供了一个变量负载R。三相电源连接到主三相开关，然后是三相热过载继电器，它提供了对电流过载的保护。继继电器输出连接到整流器，来矫正三相电压，并给绝缘栅双极晶体管（IGBT）变频器一个直流输入。其技术规范[25]总结在表二。IGBT变频器将直流电压转换为三相电压输出，提供给异步电动机的定子。另一方面，变频器连接到PLC控制器。表一异步电动机技术规格接线接线类型/Y输入电压380/660Vac输入电流1.5/0.9A额定功率0.6KW输入频率50Hz极数4额定转速1400rpm这种控制器由PLC的模块化系统实施。PLC的体系结构是指其内部的硬件和软件。作为一个基于微处理器的系统，PLC系统的硬件设计和建造以下模块[29]-[37]：•中央处理器（CPU），离散输出模块（DOM）离散输入模块（点心）•模拟量输出模块（AOM）的•模拟输入模块（AIM）•电源。PLC配置的其他详情载于表三和四。

图2图2实验系统的电气原理图速度传感器用于速度反馈，电流传感器，电流传感器用于负载电流反馈，第二个电流传感器连接到定子电路[32]。因此，两个闭环系统反馈回路是由负载电流传感器，速度传感器，和AIM安装而成。测速器（永磁直流电动机）用于速度感应。感应电机驱动机械轴和产生输出电压，其中电压的大小与旋转速度成正