关于给水的外文翻译

毕业设计/论文外文文献翻译系别城市建设学院专业班级姓名评分指导教师THEANALYSISOFMULTLYERWATERSUPPLYSYSTEMFirefightingwatersupplyanddrainagedesign,high-risebuildingsgenerallyreferstotheten-storeyandresidentialbuildingsover10stories(includingthefirstfloortosetupcommercialservices,residential)orbuildingheightofmorethan24mofpublicbuildings.Multi-storybuildingisrelativelyhigh-risebuildings,butinfactthegeneraldesignofthebuildingwatersupply,multi-storeybuildingduetothelimitationsofavarietyofreasons,suchaselevators,amajorityofsixlayers,thearticlediscussesthemulti-layerreferstothelayerbelow6orlowerthan20mbuilding.Withtheimprovementofthemunicipalwatersupplynetworkandthenewequipmentandmaterialscontinuetoemerge,thelayoutofthewatersupplysystem,therapiddevelopment,andderivedfromavarietyofdifferenttypesareavailablefordesignerstochoose.However,duetothedifferentcharacteristicsofthemulti-layerandhigh-level,especiallyinthecorrectselectionoffiresafety,watersupplysystemisalsoveryimportant,otherwiserangingfromtheunstablewaterpressureofwater,whileintheaccidentfrequentlycannotbenormaloperation.Thefollowingwereintroducedtothecommonwatersupplysystemofmulti-storeybuildingsandhigh-risebuildings.MULTLYERWATERSUPPLYSYSTEMAtpresent，greatmajoritycitiesmunicipaladministrationpipenetworkcanmaintainabove2kilogramsinthehomeland，takeplaceindividualsmalltownwaterpressurecanreach4kilogramseven.Thepressuretherefore，buildingthemunicipaladministrationpipenetwork’stothesamemultilayerhasbeenalreadysufficient,hasbeeninasmalltownespeciallysincebutmunicipaladministrationpipenetworkwateryieldsupplyingwater,waterpressurefluctuationarebigger.Haveseveralkindsthefollowingtypesmainlyforovercometheseshortcomings,multilayerwatersupplysystemdesign.1.Directwatersupplytypeisthatpressure,directwatersupply,sortmakinguseofmunicipaladministrationpipenetworkdirectlyapplytoslightlyhighareaofmunicipaladministrationpipenetworkpressureorhigherrangeofwaterworksvicnitypressureinner.Theshortcomingitiswateryield,waterpressuretobeabletonotensurethat.Thiswatersupplyschemeeconomyfunctionisverygoodbut,tolesspipenetworkofscale,doesnotneedanyotherequipmentormeasure.2.Waterboxwatersupplytypeshaveledmunicipaladministrationpipenetworkwatertoroofwaterbox,discrepancyinelevation,gravitydependingonawaterboxandusingthewaterappliancehavesuppliedwater,haveovercomewaterpressurewateryieldblockofwoodstavilityandthen.Sincebut,secondarypollution,,moreover,waterboxvolumethatwaterboxthereexistsinpossibilityisbigger,thiswaydoesnotencouragetherefore.3.Waterboxes,pipenetworksallyselfwithatypewhentheordinarytimewateryieldwaterpressureissufficient,unnecessarywaterenterstheroofwaterboxwhencoveringwatersupply,overpressureaswithanetdirectlyfrommunicipaladministration,thinkthatthewaterboxsupplieswatertotheconsumerbygravityautomationwhenpressureorthewateryieldisinsufficient.Themainforcewhoisthatregulardirectnesssupplieswateronphysicsstructurestrtchesthetopcut-overwaterbox,setsupandoneexhalentsiphonfromthewaterbox.Oweaschemethevolumehavingdiminishedawaterbox,andmakewaternotneedtoenterawaterboxstayingthisonestep,hygienereliabilityincreaseby.Theproblemisthatthemunicipaladministrationnowpipenetworkcanaccomplishbutiflongtimestabilivoltsupplieswater,thewatersojourntimeinwaterboxisonthecontrarygreatlyincreasebyeasiertobecontaminated.And,thewaterboxallmustreadjustoneselftoacertainextentinthebuildinginallusagewaterboxessystemmosthigherplace,attractivelooksabletoaffectabuildinginsomeoccasion,thephysicaldesignbuildingeven.4.Pressurejarssupplywatersinceinsecurewaterboxfactor.reasonwhyusethejarsealingoffreliablepressuretoreplace,andthepressurejardoesnotneed,highpositionlaydown,attractivelooksandstructurenotaffectingabuildingbearing,godownwellverymuchoverthepastfewyears.Pressurejarsystemrequiresthatthewaterpumpandautocontrolsystemhavetofitbut,feasiblecostincreasesbytosomeextent.However,inthelateyearswhosemarketpricealreadyletsmanyconsumersbeabletochoose.Systematicpressurejarprincipleistomakeuseofawaterpumpwatercompressiontobesenttoreceivethepipenetworkbuildingtheinside,thinksthatwaterentersthepressurejar,reachescertainpressuretime,waterpumpmotorstoppageorreducesthespeedwhenpressureistoobig,whilepressureissmallerthanregulationvalue,thepressurejarconveyswatertotheoutsideandstartsthewaterpumporaccelerationatthesametime.5.Twotimeofcompressiontypescanmakedofortosmall-scaleconsumer,ifthebuilding,thepressurejarareonlysystematic.Thedirectionthatthedwellinghousespendsatpresenttohousingestatedevelopsbut,showsfortheclusterarrangementthatmultilayerbuilds,concentratesstabilivoltmainly.Theabilitycannotsatisfyarequestwithpressurejarvolume,thewaterpumpconcentratescompressionthereforehavingappearedgivefirstplaceto,pressurejarstabilivoltissubsidiaryway.Economycostrisesonly,alsoneedsthespecially-assignedpersonupkeep.Besides,pipenetworksystembelongstolowpressuresincetierofnumbersarenotmany,pipeline,thedirectcut-overwithoutexceptionwithlayersconsumerisbeOK,comparativelysimple.ThesteeltubepreparespipelinematerialwithlowpressurePPRsilentstocktubegivefirstplaceto.Inaddition,thepipenetworksystemlayersnotmorethanalow-pressurepipearehierarchicaldirectaccessuserscanrelativelysimple.Pipematerialsmainlytothelow-pressuresteelpipeandlowpressurePPRplasticpipe.MULTI-STOREYHIGH-RISEBUILDINGWATERSUPPLYSYSTEMSANALYSISAspreviouslycomplaint,10layersofcivilatleast30meters,evenwith24metersofpublicbuildings,municipalpipenetworkpressureiscertainlysecondarypressureinordertomeettherequirements,thereisnodirectwatersupplymaybe.However,accordingtotheheightofthebuilding,theabilityofthepressureofthepipeline,thepressurerequirementsforwaterapparatus,canbedividedintothefollowingways.1.partitiondecompressionsystemSuchasystemcouldbesaidtobethemostpopular,becausethevalveofthepricehasdroppedtoabout3000yuan/piece,comparedtothevolume,andsystemofpipesandinstallationworks,difficulty,etc.havetomaintainasignificantdeclineofitseconomicefficiencyisimproved.Ofthecompositionofthesystemare:thelifeofreservoirs,pumps,mainchannel,direct-hometube,hometubepressurereducingvalve,thevalve.Thecurrenthigh-levelorseniorwithalotofinthisway.Principleofthesystem:thegeneralone-timefocusonpressurepumpingstationsbybuildingbasement,high-pressurewatertotheupperpartoftheusersentalongthetrunkpipelineconstruction,andmeettherequirements;fortheusersofthebuildingthelowerwaterpressureistoohigh,youneedtofocusondecompression(lesspressurevalvegroup),andthensenttotheuser.Thedrawbackisthattheheadlossofthedecompressionzone,alargerpumppower.2.umpsinparallelpressurizedsystemThesystemisalsobuildingwatersupplysystempartition,butthedifferenceisthateachpartitionsetupawaterpumpwatersupply(onespare).Itsshortcomings,suchasequipmentcostssurgeinanareaoflarge,multi-trunkpipelinesystemcomplexity.Butalsoveryuniqueadvantages:highreliabilityofwatersupply,highutilizationofpumppowerandenergywastedoesnotoccur.3.PumpseriespressuresystemWiththerapiddevelopmentoftechnologyofhigh-risebuildings,constructionofmorethan100misnotsurprising,eventothreeorfourhundredmetershigh.Thisleavesuswithseveralproblems:awaterpumppressureisnotenough,orevenifthepressuretomeetthetrafficabigdifference;meettwoeveniftheflowpressure,thepipescannotwithstandsuchahighpressure,theoccurrenceofburstpipes.Somustbeusedthisbaton-styleway.Systemstructure:eachpartitionsetpumpspeedpumpsuctiontankorsuctionpool,andthenstarttoorder.Advantages:watersupplyisreliable,andlessenergyconsumption.Thedisadvantagesare:equipmentdispersed,pumpsandotherequipment,requirespecialequipmentlayer.AnalysisSummaryComparingtheaboveinseveralways,wecanseethewatersupplyofmulti-storeybuildingsandhigh-risebuildingsaretwodifferentsystems,althoughtheaimisthesame.Inthemulti-layerfeedwater,themunicipalpipenetworkpressuretomeettherequirements,thepursuitofstability,whilethetopisdifferent,high-levelwatersupplywatertotheusersofwaterat,followedbystability.Therefore,thechoiceofequipmentandmaterialsareverydifferent.TheMultilayergeneralsmalllowliftpumps,pipesforlowpressurepipe.Thesenioristheopposite.Separateintermsofthemulti-layersysteminseveralways:directwatersupplyisstillwidelyusedinsmallerruraltownspipenetworksystem,savetheeconomy.Secondarypressuresystemiswidelyusedinthenewlybuiltresidentialhouses.Moreinthewayofpartitiondecompressionapplicationinhigh-risebuildingwatersupplysystems,watersupplysystemforultra-high-risebuildingsofmorethan150meters,waterpumpsinseriesisrelativelyappropriate.Atpresent,theconstructionindustryisinaperiodofrapiddevelopment,sothenumberofhigh-levelandmulti-layeredconstructionalsoincreasedsignificantly.Thehigh-risecommercialoffice-based,multi-layerformofcellclusters.Drinkingwatersystemsandtheemergenceofnewrequirementsforthedevelopmentofwatersupplysystem,especiallyinthepipenetworksystem.Multi-layerselectthesecondarypressuresystemasmuchaspossibleinnormalcircumstances,high-levelpartitiondecompressionwatersupplysystem,superhigh-riseshouldbepumpserieswatersupply-Energysavingisverysubstantial.中文翻译多层与高层建筑给水系统分析在消防给排水设计中，高层建筑一般指十层及十层以上的居住建筑（包括首层设置商业服务网点的住宅）或建筑高度超过24m的公共建筑。多层建筑是相对高层建筑而言，但是实际上一般的建筑给水设计中多层建筑由于种种原因的限制，譬如电梯设置，大多数为6层以下，故本文讨论的多层指6层以下或低于20米的建筑。随着市政给水管网的完善和新型设备材料的不断出现，给水系统的布置方式也快速发展，并衍生出多种不同类型，可供设计师选择用。但是，由于多层与高层的不同特性，尤其是消防方面，给水系统的正确选用也是十分重要的，否则轻则水压水量不稳，重则事故频频，不能正常运行。以下就分别介绍一下多层建筑和高层建筑的常见的给水系统方式。多层给水系统目前，国内城市的市政管网压力可以维持在2公斤以上，个别小城镇的出水压力甚至可以达到4公斤。因此，对于一般的多层建筑市政管网的压力已经足够了，但是由于市政管网的供水水量，水压波动较大，尤其是小城镇。为了克服这些缺点，多层给水系统的设计主要有以下几种类型。1.直接供水型就是直接利用市政管网的压力，直接供水，一般用于市政管网压力稍高的地区或水厂附近压力较高的范围内。缺点就是水量，水压不能保证。但是，对于规模较小的管网这种供水方案的经济性能很好，不需要任何其他设备或措施。2.水箱供水型将市政管网的水引至屋顶水箱与用水器具的高度，重力供水，克服了水压水量的不稳定性。但是，由于谁想可能存在二次污染，而且，水箱体积较大，因此这种方式不提倡。3.水箱、管网联合型平时水量水压足够时，直接由市政网供水，超压时，多余水进入屋顶水箱，当压力或水量不足时，水箱靠重力自动向用户供水。物理结构上就是正常的直接供水的主干管伸顶接入水箱，并由水箱设一出水管。该方案减小了水箱的体积，并使水不需要都进入水箱停留这一步骤，卫生可靠性增加。但是问题就是如果长时间的稳压供水（现在的市政管网可以办到的），水箱中的水的停留时间反而大大增加，更容易受污染。而且，所有使用水箱的系统中水箱都必须放在建筑的最高处，在某些场合会影响建筑的美观，甚至建筑的结构设计。4.气压罐供水由于水箱的不安全因素，所以用密封可靠地气压罐代替，而且气压罐不需要高位摆放，不影响建筑的美观与结构承重，近几年很受欢迎。但是气压罐系统需要水泵和自动控制系统的配合，似的成本有所增加。不过，今年其市场价格已经让很多用户能够选择，达到了一定的压力时，水泵停车或减速；当压力小于规定值时，气压罐向外输水并同时启动水泵或加速（变频水泵）。5.二次加压型对于小规模的用户，如单栋建筑，气压罐系统可以应付。但是，目前住宅向小区化的方向发展，主要表现为多层建筑的集群布置，集中稳压。以气压罐的容积能力不能满足要求，所以出现了水泵集中加压为主，气压罐稳压（消除系统水锤）为辅