句子成分种类结构课件公开课获奖课件

中考复习专题句子成分、种类和构造第1页一、句子含义句子是一种语言单位，由词按照一定语法规则构成，表达一种完整独立意思。从形式上看：一种点就是一种句子。第2页二、句子成分定义：构成句子各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有重要成分和次要成分；重要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语第3页1.

I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语第4页

㈠主语（subject）

句子阐明人或事物Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.（名词）

（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化形容词）（句子）第5页找出句中主语Thesunrisesintheeast.

Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.

Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.

Toseeistobelieve.

Helikesdancing.

Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（名词）

（代词）（数词）（动名词）

（不定式）（句子）(名词化形容词）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）Haveatry第6页㈡谓语

阐明主语动作、状态和特性简朴谓语:由动词或动词词组构成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing第7页Showyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（名词）(代词）(数词)(名词化形容词)(三)宾语

动作对象或承受者——及物动词或介词宾语（不定式）（动名词）（句子）第8页宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.Hegaveme

somebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●pleasepassme

thebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriend

someflowers.第9页（四）表语在系动词后部分就是表语Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idon’tfeelatease.宝贵悠闲，舒适第10页（五）定语

修饰或限制名词或代词词、词组或从句

Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbetty’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词所有格)(动名词)(目前分词)(过去分词)钢铁药丸第11页定语后置：假如定语是由一种单词表达时，一般要前置。而由一种词组或一种句子表达时，一般则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?第12页（六）状语

状语功用：状语阐明地点、时间、原因、目旳、成果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan孤儿.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspite怨恨ofhisillness.时间状语地点状语原因状语成果状语目状语方式状语条件状语程度状语伴随状语伴随状语第13页Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.（六）宾语补足语

有些及物动词除了有一种直接宾语以外，还要有一种宾语补足语，阐明宾语身份和状态，以补充宾语意义局限性，使句子意义完整。此类常用及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.第14页同位语位于名词或代词背面，阐明它们性质和状况Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthe

game.名词代词数词从句第15页句子类型陈说句疑问句一般疑问句三、句子分类和构造按功能分：祈使句感慨句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句第16页句子类型简朴句并列句复合句三、句子分类和构造按构造分：第17页（一）简朴句1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.

主+谓主+谓+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语‹›主+谓+宾+宾补(S+V)(S+V系+P)(S+V+O)(S+V+O1+O2)(S+V+O+C补)结论:简朴句最大特点是只有一种S+V.第18页Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.

Practice‹›主+谓主+谓+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语主+谓+宾+宾补(S+V)(S+V系+P)(S+V+O)(S+V+O1+O2)(S+V+O+C补)第19页Ⅱ.并列句Thisismeandthesearemyfriends.Theymuststayinwater,ortheywilldie.It’snotcheap,butitisverygood.Itwaslate,soIwenttobed.

andorbutsoHeknockedatthedoor;therewasnoanswer.You’realive!Andshe’sdead.观测句子，做总结第20页1.并列句特点是什么？

把两个或几种简朴句用并列连词或分号连接起来，则成为一种并列句。2.常用并列连词平行:转折：因果:

选择:

and,both….and….,notonly….butalso….,neither….nor….

but,while,yetfor,soor

第21页请用合适并列连词把每组句子合并为一种并列句。1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.2.Thedressisreallybeautiful.Ican’taffordit.Hewastired,so

hewenttobed.

Thedressisreallybeautiful,but

Ican’taffordit.第22页3.Maryiscooking.Johnisgreetingguests.Maryiscooking,andJohnisgreetingguests.4.Heworkshard.Healsolikeshelpingothers.1>.He

notonlyworkshardbuthealsolikeshelpingothers.2>.Notonly

doesheworkhardbuthealsolikeshelpingothers.第23页名词性从句状语从句定语从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句Ⅲ.复合句分类【记】复合句:主句+从句主句是一种完整句子,它可以独立存在。从句是一种不完整句子,它必须和一种主句连用，不能独立存在.第24页Bythetimehearrived,

1wehadalreadyleft.2请指出该复合句主句和从句:从句主句第25页名词性从句1)主语从句（提醒：认识+理解）*Whathesaidisnotknown.*Thatweshallbelateiscertain确实.*Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.*Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!

第26页2）表语从句（提醒：认识+理解）*Thatiswhathewantstobuy.

*Theproblemisthatwhowecangettoreplace取代her?*Thereasonisthathehasliedtomeseveraltimes.第27页3)同位语从句*WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldn’te?*Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.*Mothermadeapromisethatshewouldbuymeanewcoat.theideaThequestionapromise（提醒：认识+理解）第28页4)宾语从句（规定：重点复习）*Iunderstandthatheiswellqualified.*Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.

*Idon’tknowifyoucanhelpme.第29页结论所有名词性从句，都必须有一种引导词引导词常见：that和疑问词注意！引导词that&what

*that与what都可以引导名词性从句。*what在从句中充当句子成分（主,宾,表）。*That在句中只起连接作用，不充当成分。*that在引导名词性从句时不可省略（宾语从句除外）.Thatiswhathewantstobuy.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.Hesaid(that)hedidn’tlikeher.第30页重点复习之一：宾语从句第31页一、宾语从句概念宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一种词或短语作宾语。Ilikemyteacher.（名词作宾语)Ienjoyplayingbasketball.(动名词作宾语）Idecidetostudyhard.（不定式作宾语）Iknowhim.（代词作宾语）IknowMrLiteachesEnglish.(句子作宾语）Sheaskediftheanswerwasright.(句子作宾语）第32页二、宾语从句三要素连接词时态语序第33页（一）连接词1.that引导2.whether/if引导3.连接代词whowhomwhosewhatwhich4.连接副词whenwhywherehow。第34页（二）语序：陈说句语序

即：陈说句构造（主+谓+其他成分）将如下句子换成陈说句语序1.Isthereabanknearhere?2.IsitonFifthAvenue?3.Aretheydoinghomework?第35页（三）时态(时态一致性）主句用目前时态，从句可用任何时态。主句用过去时态，从句可用对应过去时态。Iknowheisateacher.Iknowhewasateacherthreeyearsago.Iknowhehasbeenateacherfor3yearsIknowhewillbeateacheraftergraduation.IknewhewasateacherIknewhehadbeenateacherfor3years.Iknewhewouldbeateacheraftergraduation.第36页宾语从句专题练习1时态一致性()1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.

A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake

()2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.

A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergone

C.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen

()3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictationtoday.

A.hadB.has.C.willhaveD.are

()4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.

A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay

()5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.

A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtravelled

第37页宾语从句专题练习2连接词角度()1Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?

A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that

()2Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.

A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where

()3Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who

()4Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.

A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe

()5Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.

A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when

()6Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?

A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow

()7Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.

AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose

第38页宾语从句专题练习3陈说句语序角度()1.Theydon'tknow______theirparentsare.

AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich

()2.Pleasetellme______lastyear.

A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterwork

CwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked

()3.SheaskedmeifIknew______.

A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwas

C.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit

第39页宾语从句专题练习3.陈说句语序角度()4.Youmustremember________.

A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersay

C.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid

()5Didyouknow____?

A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingfor

C.whoheislookingforD.whoheislookingafter

()6Couldyoutellme___?

A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijing

C.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing第40页复习重点之二：定语从句第41页什么是定语从句呢？构造：先行词+关系词+句子用来阐明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可阐明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用句子叫作定语从句。第42页先行词关系词定语从句Maryisagirlwho

haslonghair.关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatWhere,when第43页关系词关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词:when,where,why关系代词：

指物：thatwhich指人：who(主/宾格)thatwhom（宾格）第44页定语从句使用措施:当先行词是物时,用which

或that引导.Thesearethetrees

which

wereplantedlastyear.当先行词是人时,用who,whom,whose,that引导.第45页who,whom,whose,that使用措施辨别.who

作定语从句主语或宾语.Themanwho

isspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解作主语第46页Whom

作定语从句宾语Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解作宾语第47页whose作定语从句定语.Iknowthegirlwhose

motherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定语第48页Thisisadream.Thedreamwillneveretrue.Thisisadreamwhich/thatwillneveretrue.Thedoghasbeenfound.Thedogwaslost.Thedogwhichwaslosthasbeenfound.Practise:Thisisthehousewhichisforsale.2.Thebookwhichislyingonthefloorismine.which/that作主语.(不能省)（作主语）第49页which/that作宾语：（可省略）Thisisthecard.I’vejustreceivedthecard.Thisisthecardwhich/thatI’vejustreceived.Practise:Thisisthemistakewhich/thatIalwaysmake.

Istillkeeptheletters

whichshewrotetome.

Ilostthepen

whichmyfatherboughtme.()（作宾语）第50页who/that作主语.(不能省)Thisisthefilmstar.ThefilmstarisverypopularinChina.ThisisthefilmstarwhoisverypopularinChina.(作主语)TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledRoy.Doyouknowtheman

whospokeatthemeetingyesterday?Thegirlwhoiswateringtheflowers

ismycousin./that第51页who/whom/that作宾语：(可省略)Themanisafamouswriter.Hedescribedthemanjustnow.Theman(who/whom/that)hedescribedjustnowisafamouswriter.

(作宾语）Theboywho(m)I‘mlookingforismyfriend.Thethiefhasbeensenttoprison.

Thepolicecaughtthethieflastnight.

Thethiefwhomthepolicecaughtlastnighthasbeensenttoprison.第52页小结：that－既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.who－指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句谓语动词形式由先行词定。第53页只能用that,不用which,常见状况有六种：当先行词是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone或被它们修饰时。Eg:That’sallthatIknow.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?

Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时

Eg:Thatisthemostinterestingbook

thatIhaveeverread.

Thefirstthing

thatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.第54页3.当先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame等修饰时。Eg:That’stheonlythingthatIcandonow.Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.4.当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句关系词用that,而不用which或who.Eg:Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepenthatyoulost?5.先行词同步包括人或物时，关系词用that.Eg:ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.第55页

只能用which,不用that状况

(1)

“介词＋关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。"介词＋关系代词"构造中介词是in,

on,

about,

from,

for,

with,

to

at,

of,

without

等,关系代词只可用whom或

which,不可用that

。

Eg:Is

that

the

house

in

which

you

live

?

(2)像listen

to,

look

at,

take

care

of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不适宜将介词与动词分开。Eg:This

is

the

boy

whom

she

has

taken

care

of.第56页