高中英语独立主格结构精讲配套练习和答案

独立主格结构“独立主格结构“（absoluteconstruction）又叫“独立结构”。由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与主句不发生关系，因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾，用逗号和主句隔开。（一）独立主格结构形式独立主格结构可以分为两部分，形式为：基本形式是：名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。.名词/代词+现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。例：Themanlaythere,hishandstrembling.Somanystudentsbeingabsent,themeetinghadtobeputoff.注：“独立结构”中的being或havingbeen有时可以省去，形成一种名词或代词+名词、形容词、副词、介词短语的结构形式。.名词/代词+过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。例：Theboylayonhisback,hishandscrossedunderhishead.Thejobnotfinished,wecouldn,tseethefilm.Hershirtcaughtonanail,shecouldnotmove..名词/代词+不定式不定式表示的是将来的动作。Thesearethefirsttwobooks,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.Weshallgettogetherat7:30,theprocession（游行）tostartmovingat8sharp..名词/代词+名词名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。例：Manypeoplejoinedinthework,someofthemwomenandchildren.Hefoughtthetiger,astickhisonlyweapon..名词/代词+形容词短语形容词（短语）说明前面名词或代词的性质，状态，原因等。例：Thefloorwetandslippery,wehadtostayoutsideforawhile.Iheardthatshegotinjuredintheaccident,myheartfullofsorry.这两个句子也可以看成是省略了being,如果加上，就变成了现在分词分句。.名词/代词+副词副词说明前面名词或代词的状态。例：Themeetingover,weallwenthome.Nobodyin,heleftamessageontheboard..名词/代词+介词短语介词短语说明伴随前面名词或代词的方式或者状态。例：Theteachercamein,abookunderhisarm.Nobodyathome,thethieftookalotofthingsaway.(二)with引导的复合结构with引导的复合结构，相当于在前述各种独立主格结构前加上with，因此，一般认为这也是一种独立主格结构【例】Awomangotonthebus，withababyaroundherarms.Theteachercameinwithseveralstudentsfollowingbehind.Withalotofthingstodealwith,hewillhaveadifficulttime.Helefttheofficewiththelightson.Maryrushedoutofthehousewiththedooropen.【例】AftertheArabstateswonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellasboystogotoschool.tobeencouragedC)beingencouragedbeenencouragedD)beencouraged介词with引出分词独立结构，表示一种陪衬性动作或补充说明。所以，答案是C)beingencouraged。选项A)tobeencouraged是动词不定式，forhertodo是动词不定式短语，常做目的状语，不能引出陪衬性动作。选项B)beenencouraged和D)beencouraged这两种形式都不能与with构成分词独立结构做补语。非谓语动词与独立主格结构综合练习prettylate,wedecidedtoleaveatonce,aswedidn,twanttoriskmissingthelastbus.A.ItbeingB.BeingC.AsisbeingD.ItwasbeingThearticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,eachonemajorpointincontrastwiththeother.A.makesB.istomakeC.makingD.madeNowhereinnatureisaluminumfoundfree,owingtoitsalwayswithotherelements,mostcommonlywithoxygen.A.combineB.combinedC.beingcombinedD.havingcombinedAnyonewithhalfaneyeontheunemploymentfiguresknewthattheassertionabouteconomicrecoveryjustaroundthecornerwasuntrue.A.wasB.beingC.wouldbeD.tobeThepressurecausesAmericanstobeenergetic,butitalsoputsthemunderaconstantemotionalstrain.A.tocompeteB.competingC.tobecompetedD.havingcompetedThereisamanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeanstrouble.A.makingB.tomakeC.tohavemadeD.havingmadeTheprojectbytheendof2000willexpandthecity,stelephonenetworktocover1,000,000users.A.accomplishedB.beingaccomplishedC.tobeaccomplishedD.havingbeenaccomplishedWiththedevelopmentinscienceandtechnologymancanmakevariousflowersbeforetheirtime.A.bebloomedB.bloomC.bloomedD.bloomingnanatmosphereofsimplelivingwaswhatherparentswishedfor.A.ThegirlwaseducatedB.ThegirleducatedC.Thegirl,sbeingeducatedD.ThegirltobeeducatedWhatalovelyparty!Itisworthallmylife.A.rememberingB.torememberC.toberememberedD.beingrememberedAsearlyas1647Ohiomadeadecisionthatfree,tax-supportedschoolsmustbeestablishedineverytown50householdsormore.A.havingB.tohaveC.tohavehadD.havinghadThiscrophassimilarqualitiestothepreviousone,bothwind-resistantandadaptedtothesametypeofsoil.A.beingB.beenC.tobeD.havingbeenWhilethesun,thesatellitehassentmorethanfourbillionsofinformationbacktoearth.A.havingorbitedB.beingorbitedC.havingbeenorbitedD.orbitingThehousewasveryquiet,itwasonthesideofamountain.A.isolatedB.isolatingC.beingisolatedD.havingbeenisolatedYouwillseethisproductwhereveryougo.A.tobeadvertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertisingAllthings,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.A.consideredB.beconsideredC.consideringD.havingconsideredApartfromcaringforherchildren,shehastotakeonsuchheavyhouseworkascarryingwaterandfirewood.A.time-consumedB.timely-consumedC.time-consumingD.timely-consumingProfessorWang,forhisinformativelectures,waswarmlyreceivedbyhisstudents.A.knowingB.tobeknownC.knownD.havingknownWeleftthemeeting,thereobviouslynopointinstaying.A.wereB.beingC.tobeD.havingtheirworkwillgiveusamuchbetterfeelforthewidedifferencesbetweenthetwoschoolsofthought.A.TohavereviewedB.HavingreviewedC.ReviewingD.BeingreviewedIdon'tmindthedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.A.youtodelaymakingB.yourdelayingmakingC.yourdelayingtomakeD.youdelaytomakeYourhairwants.You'dbetterhaveitdonetomorrow.A.cutB.tocutC.cuttingD.beingcutTheprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgroundshisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.A.tobebasedonB.tobaseonC.whichtobaseonD.onwhichtobasetheearthtobeflat,manyfearedthatColumbuswouldfallofftheedgeoftheearth.A.HavingbelievedB.BelievingC.BelievedD.BeingBelievedateacherinauniversity,itisnecessarytohaveatleastamaster'sdegree.A.TobecomeB.BecomeC.OnebecomesD.OnbecomingRealizingthathehadn'tenoughmoneyandtoborrowfromhisfather,hedecidedtosellhiswatch.A.notwantedB.notowantC.notwantingD.wantingnottornot,hisdiscoveryhascreatedastirinscientif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C.made D.tomakeWhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”A.read B.reads C.toread D.readingThepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmakeRobertissaidabroad,butIdon,tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyingThemanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseethenextyear.A.carriedoutB.carryingoutC.carryoutD.tocarryout52.suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.SufferedAcookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundinthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smokedShelooksforwardeveryspringtotheflower-linedgarden.A.visit B.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin—WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?—hernewbike.

A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.BecauseoflosingA.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.BecauseoflosingFindinghercarstolen,.A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchingthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelpInordertomakeourcitygreen,.itisnecessarytohaveplantedmoretreesmanymoretreesneedtoplantourcityneedsmoretreeswemustplantmoretreesThoughmoney,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lackedB.lackingof C.lackingD.lackedinThereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecarsroadconditionsneed.A.that;tobeimproved B.which;tobeimprovedC.where;improving D.when;improvingThediscoveryofnewevidenceledto.A.thethiefhavingcaught B.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaught D.thethieftobecaughtThepictureonthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangs D.beinghungSandycoulddonothingbuttohisteacherthathewaswrong.A.admit B.admittedC.admittingD.toadmitMrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadtosomeschoolsforpoorchildren.A.setup B.settingup