美国文学选读-第三版-课后习题答案-陶洁

文档美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案陶洁（部分）Unit1BenjaminFranklinQuestionsl.WhydidFranklinwritehisAutobiography?Franklinsaysthatbecausehissonmaywishtoknowabouthislife,heistakinghisoneweekvacationintheEnglishcountrysidetorecordhispast.Healsosaysthathehasenjoyedhislifeandwouldliketorepeatit.WhatmadeFranklindecidetoleavethebrothertowhomhehadbeenapprenticed?Hisbrotherwaspassionate,andhadoftenbeatenhim.Theaversiontoarbitrarypowerthathasstucktohimthroughhiswholelife.Afterabrushwiththelaw,Franklinlefthisbrother..HowdidhearriveinPhiladelphia?FirsthesetoutinaboatforAmboy,theboatdroppedhimoffabout50milesfromBurlington,thenextdayhereachedBurlingtononfoot,inBurlingtonhefoundaboatwhichwasgoingtowardsPhiladelphia,hearrivedthereabouteightornineo’clock,ontheSundaymorningandlandedattheMarketStreetwharf..Whatfeaturesdoyoufindinthestyleoftheaboveselection?ItisthepatternofPuritansimplicity,directness,andconcision（言简意赅）.Thenarrativeislucid（易懂的），thestructureissimple,theimageryishomely（朴素的）.Unit2EdgarAllenPoeQuestions.Whoisthenarrator?Whatwrongdoeshewanttoredress?Montresor.Fortunato,oneofwineexpertsinsultedhim,sohewantedtomurderhim..WhatisthepretextheusestolureFortunatotohiswinecellar?HebaitsFortunatobytellinghimhehasobtainedwhathebelievestobeacaskofAmontilladoarareandvaluablesherrywine.FortunatoisanxioustodeterminewhetherornotitistrulyAmontillado,sohegoestothevaultwithMontresor..WhathappenstoFortunatointheend?Hewaswalledupalivebehindbricksinawinecellar..DescribebrieflyhowPoecharacterizesMontresorandFortunatoascontrasts?Poeusescolorimagerytocharacterizethem.Montresorfaceiscoveredinablacksilkmask,Incontrast,Fortunatodressesthemotley-coloredcostumeofthecourtfool,whogetsliterallyandtragicallyfooledbyMontresor'smaskedmotives.ThecolorschemeshererepresenttheironyofFortunato'sdeathsentence.Throughtheacts,words,andthoughtsofFortunato,weknowHeisgreedy,hewasluredintothedarkandsombervaultsjustbecauseacaskofAmontillado.Thisisalsoduetohisbadhabitofbibulosity（酗酒）.Helosthimselfonhearingthewine.Atthesametime,hewascheatedbyhisenemy,whichreflectedhisignorance.WhenheheardthepretendedcomplimentfromMontresor,hebecameveryboastfulandarrogant.Hewaseasilyconfusedbythesuperficialphenomenaandfailedtowatchoutforothers.Hecouldn’ttoleratethatotherswerestrongerthanhim.文档Forexample,MontresoralwaysstimulatedhimwithLuchresiwhowasgoodatconnoisseur鉴赏）inwine.Undertheimpulseofvanity,hefellintoMontresor’sterribletrap.Infact,hewascarelessandfoolishanddidn’tfindthatthedangerwasapproachinghim.HelookeddownuponMontresorandothers.Hedidn’trealizehisfoolishnessuntilthedeathwascoming.Talkingfromtheappearance,Monstresorwasawell-educatedand“kind”businessman.Heenjoyedthehonorandrespectinthecity.Butinfact,hewasanevilandawfulperson.Hisinnerfeelingsweresocruelthattheyevenmadepeopletremble.Underhisrichappearancewasthedirtysoulanddespicablecharacter.Wecouldn'tseeanygloriousvirtuesinhismind.Instead,hisheartwascoldanddark.ItwastherevengethatthrewMontresorintothedeepevilvalley.unit4NathanielHawthorneQuestions:1.WhyistheprisonthesettingofChapter1?Nomatterhowoptimisticthefoundersofnewcoloniesmaybe,theyarequicktoestablishaprisonandacemeteryintheir“Utopia,”fortheyknowthatmisbehavior,evil,anddeathareunavoidable.ThisbelieffitsintothelargerPuritandoctrine,whichputsheavyemphasisontheideaoforiginalsin-thenotionthatallpeoplearebornsinnersbecauseoftheinitialtransgressionsofAdamandEveintheGardenofEden.heisthereforeusingtheprisonbuildingtorepresentthecrimeandthepunishmentwhichareaspectofcivilizedlifeWhatistheimplicationofthedescriptionoftheroses?Therosebushsymbolizestheabilityofnaturetoendureandoutlastman'sactivities.ThenarratorsuggeststhatrosesofferareminderofNature'skindnesstothecondemned;forhistale,hesays,itwillprovideeithera“sweetmoralblossom”orelsesomereliefinthefaceofunrelentingsorrowandgloom..DescribetheappearanceofHesterPrynneandtheattitudeofthepeopletowardsher.Thesecondparagraphonpage30.Thecrowdinfrontofthejailisamixtureofmenandwomen,allmaintainingseverelooksofdisapproval.SeveralofthewomenbegintodiscussHesterPrynne,andtheysoonvowthatHesterwouldnothavereceivedsuchalightsentenceforhercrimeiftheyhadbeenthejudges.Onewoman,theugliestofthegroup,goessofarastoadvocatedeathforHester..WhathashappenedtoHester?Asayoungwoman,Hestermarriedanelderlyscholar,Chillingworth,whosentheraheadtoAmericatolive.Whilewaitingforhim,shehadanaffairwithaPuritanministernamedDimmesdale,afterwhichshegavebirthtoPearl.Thescarletletterisherpunishmentforhersinandhersecrecy.WhydoesshemaketheembroideryoftheletterAsoelaborate?Itseemstodeclarethatsheisproud,ratherthanashamed,ofhersin.Inreality,however,Hestersimplyacceptsthe“sin”anditssymbolaspartofherself,justassheacceptsherchild.Andalthoughshecanhardlybelieveherpresent“realities,”shetakesthemastheyareratherthan文档resistingthemortryingtoatoneforthem.Howdoesthistellusabouthercharacter?ThroughoutTheScarletLetterHesterisportrayedasanintelligent,capable.Itistheextraordinarycircumstancesshapingherthatmakehersuchanimportantfigure.Unit5HermanMelvilleQuestions.WhatarethestoriesIsmaeltellsaboutMobyDick?IshmaelcomparesthelegendofMobyDicktohisexperienceofthewhale.Henotesthatspermwhaleattackshaveincreasedrecentlyandthatsuperstitioussailorshavecometoregardtheseattacksashavinganintelligent,evensupernaturalorigin.Inparticular,wildrumorsaboutMobyDickcirculateamongwhalemen,suggestingthathecanbeinmorethanoneplaceatthesametimeandthatheisimmortal.Ishmaelremarksthateventhewildestofrumorsusuallycontainssometruth.Whales,forinstance,havebeenknowntotravelwithremarkablespeedfromtheAtlantictothePacific;thus,itispossibleforawhaletobecaughtinthePacificwiththeharpoonsofaGreenlandshipinit.MobyDick,whohasdefiedcapturenumeroustimes,exhibitsan“intelligentmalignity”(狠毒)inhisattacksonmen.WhydoesAhabreactsoviolentlyagainstthewhitewhale?First,helostoneofhislegsbecauseofthewhitewhale.Second,HeconsidersMobyDicktheembodimentofevilintheworld,andhepursuestheWhiteWhale,becausehebelievesithisinescapablefatetodestroythisevil.IshmaelsuggeststhatAhabis、'crazy“andcallhim“aravinglunatic.”Doyouagreewithhim?Whyorwhynot?IshmaeldescribesAhabasmadinhisnarration,anditdoesindeedseemmadtotrytofighttheforcesofnatureorGod..Whatnarrativefeaturescanyoufindintheselectedchapter?Intheselectedcharpter,MelvilleemployedthetechniqueofmultipleviewofhisnarrativetoportrayMobyDicktoachievetheeffectofambiguityandletreadersjudgethemeaning.Unit719thCenturyAmericanPoets1.HenryWadsworthLongfellow(1)IShotanArrow…Whydidthespeakerlosesightofhisarrowandsong?Thearrowfliestooswiftlyandtoofarawaytobeseenbythespeaker;whereasthesongisnaturallyinvisible.Inwhatcircumstancesdidhefindthemagain?Hefindsthemunexpectedlyyearslaterfromthetrunkofatreeandtheheartofafriend.文档Whatdoarrowandsongstandforinthispoem?Theimagesofarrowandsongheremaystandforfriendship.⑵APsalmofLifeWhatkindofpersonisthespeakerofthispoem?Thespeakerisamanofaction,alwaysoptimisticandcheerful,tryingtoachieveasmuchaspossibleintheshortspanoflife.Accordingtothepoem,howshouldourlivesbeledtoovercomethefactthateachdaybringsusnearertodeath?Weshouldworkharderandlivehappier.Interpretthemetaphorof"Footprintsonthesandoftime"(line28).Themetaphorreferstohumandeedsinreallife.2.WaltWhitman(1)One'sSelfISingWhatisthesignificanceofsingingaboutone'sself?Itisanexaltationoftheindividualspirit,whichistypicalofAmericanpeople.Whatisthedifferencebetweenphysiologyandphysiognomy?Physiologyisasciencethatdealswiththefunctionsandlifeprocessofhumanbeings,whereasphysiognomyreferstoanartofjudgingcharacterfromcontoursoffaceitselfortheappearanceofaperson.WhatdoesWhitmanmeanbythetermof"theModernMan"?Hemeansthatamanshouldbefreefromanyprejudiceandpride,totallydifferentfromthetraditionalone,thatisfullofbias.⑶OCaptain!MyCaptain!Whyistheword"Captain"capitalizedthroughoutthepoem?Inthispoemtheword“Captain”speciallyreferstoAbrahamLincoln,presidentoftheUnitedStates.Whatoverallmetaphordoesthepoetemployinthispoem?Lifeisajourney.Whydopeopleontheshoresexultandbellsring,whilethespeakerremainssosad?Theywelcometheshipreturningfromitshardtrip,whereasthespeakerissadbecausethecaptainfailstoreceivehisownhonor.3.EmilyDickinsonToMakeaPrairie…Whatthingsareneededto"make"aprairie?Inwhatsensecanonereallydoit?Somegrassandinsectsandsmallanimals.Peoplecanmakeaprairiewiththeirimagination.Howcan"reveryalone"createaprairie?Theprairiestaysinone'smind.SuccessIsCountedSweetestWhyissuccess"countedsweetestbythosewhone'ersucceed"?Thosewhohavetastedthebitternessoffailurewouldhaveakeenerdesireforsuccess.Whoare"thepurplehost"?文档Theso-calledsuccessfulpeopleintheworld.Whois"he"inthelaststanza?Anyonewhoispursuinghissuccess.I'mNobody!Whoarethe"pairofus"and"they"inthispoem?The"pairofus"referstothespeakerinthepoemandthereader,and"they"referstothepublic,especiallythoseinpower.Whatdoes"anadmiringbog"reallymean?"(line28).ItImpliesthevainandemptycommonpeople,whoarealwaysadmiringandpursuingthecelebrities.Whatisthethemeofthispoem?Therealadmirablelifeisasecludedandcommonone.Doyouwanttobe"nobody"or"somebody"?Explainyourreasons.Differentpersonswouldhavedifferentanswerstothisquestion.Personally,Iprefertobenobody.Unit8MarkTwainQuestions1:WhydoyouthinkMr.Wheelerissoeagertotellthesestories?FromMr.Wheeler’sbehaviorsandcontentsofhisnarrationwecanknowheissoeagertotellthesestories.First,when"I"askedhimtotell"me"somethingaboutW.Smiley,he“backedmeintoacornerandblockadedmewithhischair,andthensatdownandreeledoffthenarrative”.Andduringtheprocessoftellinghisstories,heneverpaidanyattentiontoothers'responsetohisstoryandjustwentontellingwhatamusedhim.Atlastwhenthelistenerfeltboringandwantedtoleave,Mr.Wheelerevendidn'tnoticeitandstillaskedhimtosittherelisteningtohim.Question2:Doeshisaudiencesharehisenthusiasmintellingthestories?No.theaudiencedoesnotshowanyinterestinMr.Wheeler’stories.Infact,thenarratorwasveryfeverishabouthisstories,but,intheeyesofthelistener,thestorieswereveryboringandhadnothingtodowithhispreoccupation.Asaneducatedman,thelistenercouldn'tunderstandthewayoflaborersforjoy,andhewouldneverbotherhimselftounderstandit.SoafterthelongtimeofMr.Wheeler’solonarrationandwhentheaudiencegotachance,hefledaway.Question3:Doyouthinkthenarratorandhislistenereversuspectthepresenceofhumor?Why?Howdoyouinterprettheirinteractions?Thenarratorandhislistenernevernoticedorsuspectedthepresenceofhumor.Duringtheintercourse,thenarratorwentvigorouslyonhismonotonousnarrative"wihoutalittlesmiling"talkingabouttheanimalsandthethingslike,whilethelistenerfeltratherpuzzledorbotheredbyhisstories.Itseemedtobekindofcoarsethings.Sothetwodifferentscenesgoonseparatelywithoutaintersection.Andtheirinteractionwasacompletefailureaccordingtoourcommonsenseaboutcommunication.ButitinthissenseproducedtheeffectofhumorwhichcanbetastedbyourreadersduetotheskillsadoptedbyMarkTwain.Unit14F-ScottFitzgerald1.DoyouthinkGatsbydeservestobecalled“thegreat”?Why?文档IthinkitistoocomplicatedtosimplysayGatsbydeservestobe—greatIIornot.Foronething,Gatsbywasambitious,hardworking,generousandpassionate.HewassoextremelyloyaltohisloveandDaisythathecoulddoanythingtogetDaisyback:hedidshadybusinesstoearnmoneyandsocialposition;hethrewluxuriouspartiesjusttodrawDaisy'sattention;hecouldtaketheblameforadeaththathedidnotcause.Inthisrespect,heismuch—greaterIIthanhiscontemporaries.Foranotherthing,GatsbyneverrealizedthatDaisywasn’tthegirlhelovedanymore.Gatsbywassoinnocentthathestakedeverythingonhisdreams,notrealizingthathisdreamsareunworthyofhim.Hewasn’tsoberenoughtobegreat.oes“thegreenlight”Gatsbybelievedinexistinreality?Whyorwhynot?Ithink—thegreenlightIIdoesnotexistinreality.BecausethegreenlightwhichsituatedattheendofDaisy’sEastEggdockandbarelyvisiblefromWestEgglawnrepresentsGatsby’sunattainabledream.Athoughthecoloritselfcanbeseenashopeandbrightfuture,Gatsby’squestforDaisybackisdoomedtobeimpossible.Daisylivedin—amaterialworldwithoutbeingreal,wherepoorghosts,breathingdreamlikeairI.AfterfiveyearswhenGatsbymetDaisyagain,themiracleDaisyhadlostheroriginalglory.Therefore,thereisnodelayingthatGatsby’sdreamwouldnotcometrue.Inthenovel,thegreenlightnotonlyrepresentsthatinnocentGatsbylookedforwardtothefuture,butalsomeanshislongingforthehistory-hishappypastwithDaisy.Thedistinctionbetweenidealandrealitywashuge.AsifAmericandreambetweengoldenpastandgoldenfuturealwayssufferedfromtherealisticbetrayalandcrush.hatdoesGatsby’sSchedulerevealabouthimandhowdoesitrelatetotheAmericanDream?ThescheduleisareflectionofGatsby’sdeterminationandambition.Itrevealsthatheishardonhimselfinpursuitofhisgoal—tobeanupper-classman.Ononehand,wecanknowthatheispersistentinpursuinghisAmericanDream--toattainwealthandhappinessthroughhisstruggle.Ontheotherhand,heistooidealisticandnaive.Hetrieshisbesttomakemoneyandlearnseverythingrequiredtobeanupper-classmansothathecangetaccesstohisbelovedgirl.Moneyisimportant,butthereareotherbarriersdifficulttopenetrate.Thegirlhelovesisasvulgarandsuperficialasothersinhercircle,sheisunabletomeetsGatsby’sromanticfantasy.Sohisdreamisdestinedtoshatter,whichindicatesthedisillusionofAmericanDream.henyoureadtheline“He(themanwithow-eyedglasses)tookoffhisglassesandwipedthemagain,outsideandin,“whatimagesdoesitcreateinyourmind,giventhenovel'snumerousreferencestothestrikinglystrangesceneofthespectacledeyes?Fromthisline,superficially,owl-eyesisapersonwiththickandblurryglasseswhocannotseeclearlyallthethingsintheworld.However,weknowheisactuallyanowl-wiseobserverandseesmoreclearlythananyoneelseinthenovel.Owl-Eyes,exceptNick,istheonlyfriendtoappearattherain-soakedburialofGatsby,whenothersareunwillingtocome.HefeelssympathyforGatsbystragedy.文档Afterreadingthisline,IcannothelpthinkingoftheDr.Eckleburgbillboardwithitshugeyellowspectaclesinthisnovel.Inmanyrainydays,Dr.Eckleburg’seyesarealsodimmedandseemblind.Butinfactthisisapairof"all-seeing"eyes.TheOwl-EyedManissimilartoDr.Eckleburg,sadlylookingatthepeople’slifeandidealismofthistime.Bothofthemsymbolizeanuninvolvedspectatorgod.Theywatchalltheactivitiesofthehumans.Owl-eyesistheavatarofthesightlessDr.Eckleburg.Unit16ErnestHemingwayHowdoyouinterprettheironyofthetitleafterreadingthestory?Thetitle—ACleanWell-LightedPlaceIIreferstothecaffeinthetext.Theca隹wasverycleanandwell-lighted.Fromtheliterarymeaning,wemayfeelthisplacewasverywarmandcomfortable,wasaplacewherepeopleneedwarmthwantedtogo.Sotheoldman,whowasrichbutdeafandlonelycameheretofindwarmthandavoidednada.Itwastheonlyplacehecouldgoandcouldfindsomecomfort.However,theyoungerwaiterwasveryselfish.Ashiswifewaswaitinghimonthebed,hewantedtogohomeearly.Therefore,herefusedtooffertheoldmananothercupofwinebytheexcusethatthebusinesswasfinished.Infact,therewasstillanhourfromclosingtime.Theyoungerthoughtanhourwasmoreimportanttohimthantotheoldman.Theoldmanneededtoleavetheonlyplacewherehecouldgetfarawayfromnada/nothing.Thiscafeshouldbewarmbuttheyoungerwaiterforcedthelonelyanddeaftoleavewithoutanysympathy.Thisistheironyofthetitle.Doyouthinkyouthandconfidencecanhelponewithstandthemetaphoricaldark?Whyorwhynot?Idon'tthinkso.Inouropinion,themetaphoricaldarkmeansnadanothinginone'sinnerheart.Inthearticle,theyoungerwaiterhadbothyouthandconfidence;however,henevermadefulluseofthem.Aswecansee,hedidn’tunderstandtheoldman’ssuicideandexcessivedrinking,andfailedtoseehistomorrowthroughtheoldman'spresentsituation.What'smore,hehadnoideathatyouthisnotpermanent,whichcannotguaranteeloveandwork.Fromabove,thereisnodenyingthathedidn'trealizehisnada.Therefore,hisyouthandconfidencenevercontributedtowithstandinghismetaphoricaldark.(3)Ithinkthat,nowadays,youthandconfidencedocanhelpto