2016年英语职称综合A考试试卷及答案

第1部分：词汇选项（第I——15题，每题I分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为

接近的选项。

1.Onlypeopleover18areeligibletovote.

A.honestB.qualifiedC.enabledD.clever

2.Thelatestcarmodelembodiesthenewresearchdevelopment.

A.listsB.includesC.borrowsD.broadens

3.Thecoastalareahasverymildwinter,butthecentralplainsremainextreme

A.severeB.hardC.warmD.dry

4.Sheisanartistwhoseworkwillundoubtedlywithstandthetestoftime.

A.gradeB.attractC.bearD.suffer

5.Heworeashabbythinovercoatinthecoldwintersothathefellill.

A.oldB.bigC.newD.small

6.Theweatherwassogorgeousthatmanypeoplewentouting.

A.uncontrollableB.pleasantC.cloudyD.unbearable

7.Competitorsmustabidebythejudge'sdecision

A.keepB.readC.understandD.obey

8.Theumbrellawasingeniouslydevisedtofoldupintothepocket.

A.seriouslyB.cleverlyC.attentivelyD.carefully

9.Somenewspapersinthewestarenotablybiased.

A.especiallyB.whollyC.totallyD.fairly

10.Hisanswerswereobscureandconfusing.

A.unclearB.obviousC.clearD.direct

11.Thewayshelookedafterheryoungsisterwasreallytouching

A.disturbingB.connectingC.movingD.waving

12.Weareworriedaboutthisfluidsituationfullwithuncertainty.

A.stableB.suitableC.changeableD.adaptable

13.Theyhavebuiltcanalstoirrigatethedesert.

A.decorateB.changeC.visitD.vvater

14.Thedetailsofthecostumeweretotallyauthentic.

A.outstandingB.realC.creativeD.false

15.Thenewgarmentfitsherperfectly.

A.clothesB.haircutC.purseD.necklace

IncomeTax

FormanyyoungAmericans,graduatingfromcollegemeansfindingdjob,movingoutof

thedormroomandbeginningtoregisterone'sannualearningswiththeUSgovernment

对于许多年轻的美国人来说,大学毕业意味着找一份工作,走出宿舍,开始注册一个年度

收益在美国政府。

Thatlastitemisthelaw,thoughsometimesit'sahassle（难事）toobey.

这项就是法律，尽管有时服从它是一件很麻烦的事情。

IndependenttaxadvisorBobGilbertcallstheUSincometexsystem''amazingly

complicated"Butheaddsthat"verylittleofthecomplicatedtaxlawappliestoyoungpeople

whoarejustbeginningtheircareers'*.AccordingtoGilbert,80to90percentofAmericans

arenotreallyburdenedbythesystem*scomplications.

独立的税务顾问，鲍勃•吉尔伯特，称美国所得税体系“非常复杂”，但他补充说，“只有

非常少的复杂的税法适用于年轻人刚刚开始他们的事业”。吉尔伯特说,80%到90%的美国人

没有背负系统的并发症/复杂化。

Still,allthenumbersandformscanbealittleconfusingtothosewhoarejuststarting

theircareers.Somepullouttheircalculatorsandtrytodothemathalone.Someuseincome

taxsoftware.OthersjusthandthewholeresponsibilityovertotaxfirmslikeGilbert's.

然而，所有的数字和形式，对于那些刚刚开始自己的职业生涯的人，可能会让人有些迷

惑。他们拿出一些计算器并试图独自计算。一些人使用所得税软件，其他人只是整个责任移

交给吉尔伯特等公司的税收。

AccordingtoincometaxlawexpertLindiBeile,youngpeoplewilloftenfollowtheir

parents*leadwhenfilingtheirincometaxforms.

根据所得税法专家Beile,年轻人往往会跟随父母引导，当呈报所得税申请书。

“Youngpeoplewhogrowupinwealthyhouseholdstypicallyuseprofessionaltax

servicesbecausetheirparentshavealvmysdoneso,"saidBenle,aprofessoratWayne

StateUniversityinMichiganState.

“在富裕家庭长大的年轻人通常使用专业税务服务,因为他们的父母总是这样做,"Benle

说,密歇根韦恩州立大学的教授。

"Ontheotherhand,mostpooreryoungpeopleprobablytrytodotheirovmtaxes,

unlesstheywantaquick'refund'withthehelpofataxadvisor".

“另一方面，大多数贫穷的年轻人可能尝试做自己的税收。除非他们想要快速“退款”，

需在税务顾问帮助下”。

Infact,obeyingthelawhasitsbenefits.Forone,manyyoungpeoplecanexpectatax

refund.Thismeansthat,overthecourseoftheyear,theyhavepaidtoomuchinmonthly

federalorstatetaxesandareentitledtothedifference.

事实上，遵守法律有它的好处。首先，许多年轻人可以退税。这意味着，在过去的一年，他

们已经支付了太多的月度-联邦的或州税，并且有权区别。

BobThalman,a20-year-olduniversitystudent,expectshewillgetarefundofabout

100,whichwillprobablygointhebank,orperhapsbeusedtopayforcarinsuranceorcredit

Cardbills.

鲍勃Thalman,一名20岁的大学生,预计他将退款约100,可能会去银行,或者用于购买汽

车保险或信贷信用卡账单。

Thalmancalledthewholeprocessa“hassle”，butaddedthathedidn'twanttotestthe

lawbynotfilinghisincometaxpapers.

Thalman整个过程称为“麻烦”，但补充说，他没有想要测试不申请所得税的法律文件。

'TmworriedaboutwhatwouldhappenifIfailedtofile,"hesaid."Iknowone

individualwhodidnotreporthisincometaxformanyyears,andhe*snowinfederalprison.I

certainlydon*twantthat."

“我担心将会发生什么如果我没有文件,”他说。“我知道一个人没有报告他的所得税多

年,现在他在联邦监狱。我当然不希望这样。”

16.Acollegestudentwithapart-timejobisnotrequiredtofileanincometaxform.

大学生兼职工作并不要求申报所得税。

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：B

17.TheUSincometaxsystemdoesnotwhollyapplytoacollegegraduatewhoisjust

beginninghisorhercareer.

美国所得税体系并不完全适用于一个刚刚开始他或她的职业生涯大学毕业生。

ARightB.WrongCNotmentioned答案：A

18.It'sprettyeasyforabeginnertoreporthisorherincometax.

申报他/她的所得税，对于一个新手来讲，是一件很容易的事情。

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：B

19.Whenyoungpeoplefiletheirincometaxform,theywilloftenfollowintheirprrents,

footsteps.

当年轻人呈报所得税申请表,他们往往会跟随他们的父母的脚步。

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：A

20.Youngpeoplefrompoorerfamiliesneedn'tfiletheirincometaxforms

来自贫困家庭的年轻人不需要的申报所得税。答案：B

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21.Ifonehasfailedtoreporthisorherincometaxforquiteafewyears,heorshemaybe

putinprison.

如果一个人没有报告他或她的所得税好几年了。他或她可能投入监狱。

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：A

22.TheUSincometnxsystemwillbesimplifiedinthenextfewyears.

在未来几年，美国所得税系统将简化。

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：C

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23—30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23——26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2——5

段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27——30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1

个最佳选项。

TunguskaEvent

1Ahundredyearsagothisweek,agiganticexplosionripped（撕裂）openthedayy

aboveaforestinwesternSiberia,leavingascientificriddlethatendurestothisday.

2Adazzlinglightpiercedtheheavens,followedbyashockwaveasstrongas1,000

atomicbombs.Theexplosionflattened80milliontreesacrossanareaof2,000square

kilometers.Thefireballwassogreatthat,adaylater,Londonerscouldreadtheir

newspapersunderthenightsky.Whatcausedtheso-calledTunguskaEvent,namedafter

thenearbyPodkamennayaTunguskariver,stillremainsamystery.

3Expertssuspectitwasarockthat,aftertravelinginspaceformillionsofyears,was

destinedtocrashtoEarthatexactly7:17a.m.onJune30,1908.Thispossibilityworries

scientists/lmagineanunspottedasteroid（小行星）hittingasignificantchunk（块）ofland...

andimagineifthatarea,unlikeTunguska,werepopulated,MtheBritishsciencejournal

Naturecommentedrecently.

4Butnofragmentsofthe“rock”haveeverbeenfound.Findingsuchevidencewouldbe

important,foritwouldincreaseourknowledgeabouttheriskposedbydangerousNear

EarthObjects（NEOs）,sayItalianresearchersLucaGasperini,EnricoBonattiandGiuseppe

Longo.WhenthenextTunguskaNEOapproaches,scientistswillhavetodecidewhetherto

trytodeflect（使偏转）itorblowitupinspace.

5However,severalrivaltheoriesfortheTunguskaEventexist.WolfgangKundt,a

professoratGermany'sBonnUniversity,believestheTunguskaEventwascausedbya

massiveescapeof10milliontonsofmethane（甲烷）・richgasfromdeepwithinearth*scrust.

Somepeopleholdthattheexplosionwascausedbyanalienspaceshipcrash,orablack

holeintheuniverse.

23.Paragraph2_C

24.Paragraph3_F

25.Paragraph4_E

26.Paragraph5_A

A.CompetingExplanations

B.UnknownAttacks

C.MysteriousExplosion

D.StarWar

E.ImportanceofFindingEvidence

F.ExplanationthatWorriesScientists

27.Thegiganticexplosionthatoccurredahundredyearsago_A

28.Theshockwavewhichfollowedthedazzlinglight_D

29.Thehypothesisthattheexplosionwascausedbyarockcollidingwiththe

Earth_B

30.WolfgangKundt,whohasdevelopedanalternativetheory_C

A.hasremainedapuzzle

B.lackssufficientevidence

C.isauniversityprofessor

D.wasgeneratedbytheexplosion

E.willkillmanyanimals

F.areattackedbyaliens

第4部分：阅读理解（第31―45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇Don'tCountonDung

Conservationists（自然保护主义者）maybemiscalculatingthenumbersofthethreatened

animalssuchaselephants,sayAfricanandAmericanresearchers.Theerroroccurs

becauseofaflawinthewaytheyestimateanimalnumbersfromthepilesofdung（粪）the

creaturesleavebehind.

Themistakecouldleadresearcherstothinkthattherearetwiceasmanyelephantsas

therereallyareinsomeregions,accordingtoAndrewPlumptreoftheWildlifeConservation

Society（WCS）inNewYork.

BiologistKatyPayneofCornellUniversityinIthaca,NewYork,agrees.uWereallyneed

toknowelephantnumbersandtheevidencethatwehaveisquiteindirect,MsaysPayne,

whoelectronicallytrackselephants.

CountingelephantsfromplanesisimpossibleinthevastrainforestsofCentralAfrica.

Soresearchersoftenestimateelephantnumbersbycountingdungpilesinagivenarea.

Theyalsoneedtoknowtherateatwhichdungdecays:Becauseit5sextremelydifficultto

determinetheserates,however,researcherscountingelephantsinoneregiontendtorely

onstandarddecayratesestablishedelsewhere.

ButresearchersattheWCShavefoundthatthisdecayratevariesfromregiontoregion

dependingontheclimateandenvironment.Usingthewrongvaluescanleadthecensus

astray（离开正道），saysPlumptre.

HeandhiscolleagueAnthonyChifuNchanjistudieddecayingelephantdunginthe

forestsofCameroon.Theyfoundthatthedungdecayedbetween55and65percentmore

slowlythanthedungintherainforestsofneighbouringGabon.Ifresearchersusedecay

ratesfromGabontocountelephantsinCameroon,theywouldprobablyfindmoreelephants

thanareactuallyaround.ThiscouldmeanestimatesinCameroonareatleasttwiceashigh

asthosederivedfromdecayratescalculatedlocally,saysPlumptre.^Howeveraccurate

yourdungdensityestimatemightbe,thedecayratecanseverelyaffecttheresult."

Plumptrealsosaysthatthedung-pilecensusshouldbecarriedoutoveraregionsimilar

insizetoanelephantsnaturalrange.Theusualtechniqueofmonitoringonlysmall,

protectedareasdistortsnumbersbecauseelephantsmoveinandoutoftheseregions,he

saysnlftheelephantpopulationincreaseswithintheprotectedarea,youcannotdetermine

whetheritisarealincreaseorwhetheritisduetoelephantsmovinginbecausetheyare

beingpoached（入侵偷猎）outside.M

Plumptresaysthatsimilarproblemsmayalsoaffectotheranimalcensusstudiesthat

relyonindirectevidencesuchasnests,tracksorburrows（地洞）.

41.Theword'threatened"inthefirstsentenceofthefirstparagraphcouldbebest

replacedby

A.HendangeredH.

B.''frightened".

C."killed".

D."angered".

42.Pilesofdungcan'tberelieduponwhenitcomestoestimatingelephantnumbers

because

A.theyaredifferentinsize.

B.theyscatterallovertheregion.

C.theyaredifferentindecayrate.

D.theyaredifferentinquality.

43.Whydoresearchersestimateelephantnumbersinanareabycountingdung

piles?

A.Becauseelephantsaredifficulttocatch.

B.Becauseitisnotpossibletocountelephantsfromaplane.

C.Becauseitisnotpossibletokeeptrackofelephants.

D.Becauseelephantsareshyanimals.

44.AccordingtoPlumptre,theregionoverwhichadung-pilecensusiscarriedout

shouldbe

A.smallenough.

B.wellprotected.

C.carefullymonitored.

D.largeenough.

45.Thefirstword"He"inparagraph6refersto

A.AndrewPlumptre.

B.KatyPayne.

C.AnthonyChifuNchanji.

D.thewriterofthearticle.

第二篇BlackHolesTriggerStarstoSelf-Destruct

Scientistshavelongunderstoodthatsupermassiveblackholesweighingmillionsor

billionsofsunsca。tearapartstarsthatcometooclose.Theblackhole'sgravlypullsharder

onthenearestpartofthestar,animbalancethatpullsthestarapartoveraperiodof

minutesorhours,onceitgetscloseenough.

Scientistssaythisunevenpullingisnottheonlyhazardfacingthestar.Thestrainof

theseunbalancedforcescanalsotriggeranuclearexplosionpowerfulenoughtodestroy

thestarfromwithin.MatthieuBrassartandJean-PierreLuminetoftheObservatoiredeParis

inMeudon,France,carriedoutcomputersimulationsofthefinalmomentsofsuchan

unfortunatestar'slife,asitveeredtowardsasupermassiveblackhole.

Whenthestargetscloseenough,theunevenforcesflattenitintoapancake

shape.Somepreviousstudieshadsuggestedthisflatteningwouldincreasethedensityand

temperatureinsidethestarenoughtotriggehntensenuclearreactionsthatwouldteaht

apart.Butotherstudieshadsuggestedthatthepicturewouldbecomplicatedbyshock

wavesgeneratedduringtheflatteningprocessandthatnonuclearexplosionshouldoccur.

Thenewsimulationsinvestigatedtheeffectsofshockwavesindetail,andfoundthat

evenwhentheireffectsareincluded,theconditionsfavoranuclearexplosion."Therewillbe

anexplosionofthestar—itwillbecompletelydestroyed,“Brassartsays.Althoughthe

explosionobliteratesthestar,itsavessomeofthestar'smatterfrombeingdevouredbythe

blackhole.Theexplosionispowerfulenoughtohurlmuchofthestar'smatteroutofthe

blackhole'sreach,hesays.

Thedevouringofstarsbyblackholesmayalreadyhavebeenobserved,althoughata

muchlaterstage.Itisthoughtthatseveralmonthsaftertheeventthatripsthestarapart,its

matterstartsswirlingintotheholeitself.Itheatsupasitdoesso,releasingultravioletlight

andX・rays.

Ifstarsdisruptednearblackholesreallydoexplode,thentheycouldinprincipleallow

theseeventstobedetectedatamuchearlierstage,saysJulesHalpernofColumbia

UniversityinNewYork,US.'ltmaymakeitpossibletoseethedisruptionofthatstar

immediatelyifitgetshotenough,'*hesays.

Brassartagrees.'PerhapsitcanbeobservedintheX-raysandgammarays,butit's

somethingthatneedstobemorestudied,"hesays.SupernovaresearcherChrisFryerof

theLosAlamosNationalLaboratoryinLosAlamos,NewMexico,US,saysthedeathsof

thesestarsaredifficulttosimulate,andheisnotsurewhethertheresearchershaveproven

theirCasethattheyexplodeintheprocess.

36.Somethingdestructivecouldhappentoastarthatgetstooclosetoablack

hole.WhichofthefollowingdestructivestatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

A.Theblackholecouldtearapartthestar.

B.Theblackholecouldtriggeranuclearexplosioninthestar.

C.Theblackholecoulddwindleitssizeconsiderably.

D.Theblackholecoulddevourthestar.

37.Accordingtothethirdparagraph.researchersdifferedfromeachotherinthe

problemof

A.whethernuclearreactionwouldoccur.

B.whetherthestarswouldincreaseitsdensityandtemperature.

C.whethershockwaveswouldoccur.

D.whethertheunevenforceswouldflattenthestars.

38.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Nonuclearexplosionwouldbetriggeredinsidethestar.

B.Thestarwouldbedestroyedcompletely.

C.Muchofthestar'smatterthrownbytheexplosionwouldbebeyondtheblackhole's

reach.

D.Theblackholewouldcompletelydevourthestar.

39.Whatwillhappenseveralmonthsaftertheexplosionofthestar?

A.Thestar'smatterwillmovefurtherawayfrombytheblackhole.

B.Theblackhole'smatterwillheatup.

C.Thetornstarsmatterwillswirlintotheblackhole.

D.Theblackhole'smatterwillreleaseultravioletlightandX-rays.

40.Accordingtothecontext,theword“disruptiorTinParagraph6means

A."Confusion.”

B."Tearingapart?

C."Interruption.”

D."Flattening.”

第三篇SportsStarYaoMing

IfYaoMingisnotthebiggestsportsstarintheworld,heisalmostcertainlythetallest.

At2.26m,heisthetallestplayerintheNationalAssociation（NBA）andholdstherecordas

themosttoweringOlympianevertocompeteintheGames.

Butwhatreallystandsoutaboutthegiantcenterishiscelebrity（名气）.Few,ifany,

Chineseathletesareaswell-knownasYaoaroundtheworld.Peopleacrosstheglobeare

fascinatedwithYao,notonlyforhisbasketballprowess（杰出的才能）butalsoforbeinga

symbolofinternationalcommerce.

WhenYaojoinedtheHoustonRocketsastheNo.1pickinthe2002NBAdraft（选拔），

hewasthefirstinternationalplayerevertobeselectedfirst.Hisassetsonthecourtareclear

enough—noNBAplayerofhissizehaseverpossessedhismobility,soheisahandful（难

对付的人）foropponentsoneitherendofthecourt.ButwhatmakesYaoinvaluabletothe

Rocketsorganizationishisroleasaglobalcitizenandasabridgetomillionsofpotential

basketballfansinChina.

WhenitwasannouncedinFebruarythatYaowouldmisstherestoftheNBAseason

andpossiblytheOlympicswithastressfracture（骨折）inhisleftfoot,acollectiveshudder

（震动）spreadacrossChina.Afterconsiderabledebateanddiscussion,Yaooptedtogethis

footsurgicallytreatedinanoperationthatplacedseveraltinyscrewsacrossthebone,to

offerhisoverburdenedfootmoresupport.Thesurgerywasasuccess,andthoughthe

estimatedfour-monthrecoveryperiodwillleavehimlittletimetopreparewithTeamChina,

YaohasvowedtobereadyfortheBeijingOlympics.

Yaowrappedupa10-daytriptoChina,whereheunderwentaseriesoftraditional

Chinesemedicine（TCM）treatments,hopingtoacceleratehisrecoveryprocess.Western

expertsaregenerallyskepticalofTCM*sbenefits,althoughnewresearchfromtheuniversity

ofRochestersuggeststhatacertaincompoundderivedfromshellfishmayspeedstimulate

bonerepair.

"ThereisnoreasontodismissTCM,“YaotoldapressconferenceinBeijing.uIVsbeen

usedinourcountryforthousandsofyears.Idon'tthinkthatifsshortonscience/*

31.Theword“towering”inParagraph1means

A.large.

B.fat.

C.tall.

D.great.

32.OpponentsfinditverydifficulttocontrolYaoMingbecauseofhis

A.mobility.

B.assault

C.defense.

D.celebrity.

33.YaoMinghadtoundergoaseriesofTCMtreatmentsbecause

A.hisrightfoothadbeenhurting.

B.hewantedtomakeamorerapidrecovery.

C.thesurgicaloperationhadbeenafailure.

D.hecouldn'taffordallthemedicalexpenses.

34.WhichstatementaboutYaoMingisNOTtrue?

A.HemissedtheAthensOlympics.

B.HeisanNBAplayer.

C.Hefracturedhisleftfoot.

D.Heisaninternationalfigure.

35.Ingeneral,theWesternexperts'attitudetowardsTCMis

A.indifferent.

B.positive.

C.negative.

D.doubtful.

AnEariyFormofJazzMusic

Musiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.Attheturnofthe

lastcentury,(51)jazzwasborn,Americahadnoprominent(52)ofitsown.No

oneknowsexactlywhenwasinventedorbywhom.Butitbegantobe(53)intheearly

1890s.JazzisAmerica'scontributionto(54)music.Incontrasttoclassicalmusic,

which(55)formalEuropeantraditions,jazzisspontaneousandfreeinform.Itbubbles

withenergy,(56)themoods,interests,andemotionsofthepeople.Inthe'1920s

jazz(57)likeAmerica.Andsoitdoestoday.The(58)ofthemusicareas

interestingasthemusicitself.AmericanNegroes,orblacks,astheyarecalledtoday,were

thejazzpioneers.TheywerebroughttotheSouthernstates(59)slaves.Theywere

soldtoplantationownersandforcedtoworklonghours.WhenaNegrodiedhisfriendsand

relatives(60)aprocessiontocarrytobodytothecemetery.InNewOrleans,aband

oftenaccompaniedthe(61).Onthewaytothecemeterythebandplayedslow,solemn

music,suitedtotheoccasion.(62)onthewayhomethemoodchanged.Spiritslifted.

Deathhadremovedoneoftheirnumber,butthelivingweregladtobe(63).Theband

played(64)music,improvisingonboththeharmonyandthemelodyofthe

tunes(65)atthefuneral.Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.Itwasanearlyform

ofjazz.

51.【题干】A.whileB.whenC.sinceD.as【答案】B

52.【题干】__A.musicB.songsC.melodiesD.tunes【答案】A

53.【题干】A.listenedB.noticedC.heardD.found【答案】C

54.【题干】A.classicalB.sacredC.popularD.serious答案】C

55.【题干】A.introducesB.followsC.takesD.approaches【答案】B

56.【题干】A.disclosingB.explainingC.expressingD.exposing【答案】C

57.【题干】A.soundedB.feltC.lookedD.seemed【答案】A

58.【题干】A.discoveriesB.originalsC.resourcesD.origins【答案】D

59.【题干】AlikeB.forC.asD.by【答案】C

60.【题干】A.composedB.formedC.hostedD.demonstrated【答案】B

61.【题干】A.bodyB.demonstrationC.processionD.march【答案】C

62.【题干】A.FurthermoreB.SimilarlyC.ButD.Therefore【答案】C

63.【题干】A.liveB.aliveC.lifeD.there【答案】B

64.【题干】A.sadB.solemnC.happyD.funeral【答案】C

65.【题干】A.sungB.showedC.playedD.expressed【答案】C

2016年职称英语考试真题综合类A补全短文原文(教材原文)Sauna

Sauna

Ceremonialbathinghasexistedforthousandsofyearsandha