论文：从认知角度看英汉爱情概念隐喻

-.z隐喻论文：从认知角度看英汉爱情概念隐喻【中文摘要】隐喻的研究源远流长。传统修辞学历来把隐喻当作一种修辞手段。在最近二十几年崛起的认知语言学研究中,隐喻不再被看作是一种修辞手段,也不再被看作是一种简单的语言产物,而被看作是人类的一种认知现象,是人类借助语言而表现出来的思维方式和行为方式。哪里有语言,哪里就有隐喻。就其本质来说隐喻是认知的,是人类认识和理解客观世界的一种重要的认知手段。认知语言学认为概念隐喻是通过一个事物(概念)来理解和体验另一个事物(概念)。概念隐喻是根植于人的思维和行为中的东西；而语言使用中的隐喻表达是概念隐喻派生出来的。换言之,日常生活中大量使用的隐喻表达是概念隐喻在语言中的具体表现形式。概念隐喻是始源域到目标域的映射,具有系统性,不对称性等特征。情感是人类最普遍最重要的人生体验,也是认知语言学的重要组成局部。人的认知和情感是相互作用的。研究人类的情感也是探索人类认知的重要局部。情感是抽象的,是被概念化的隐喻。隐喻在情感的概念化过程中起着重要的作用。爱情是人类的一种特殊情感,爱情很抽象。没有隐喻人类将无法准确美妙地表达爱情。本文拟从认知角度,对英汉爱情隐喻进展研究分析。由于人类在思维模式和行为活动方面有很大相似性,这就决定了英汉两种语言在表达爱情的概念隐喻上具有一样之处,如爱情是旅途,爱情是战争等。但是由于受到不同的文化、哲学、**、生产方式的诸多因素的影响,英语和汉语在表达爱情概念隐喻上又有不同之处,例如英语当中有爱情是商品这样的表达,而汉语当中有爱情是月亮等表达。隐喻不仅是一种语言现象,更是人类的一种思维方式。本文通过对英汉两种语言中爱情隐喻的比照分析,证实了英汉爱情概念隐喻具有认知共性和文化相对性,同时也更好地验证了当代隐喻理论。希望本文能对跨文化交际和外语教学等学科有一定的启示意义。【英文摘要】Thestudyofmetaphorhasundergonealonghistory.Accordingtothetraditionalrhetoric,metaphorisregardedasakindofrhetoricorornamentaldevice.However,withtherisingofcognitivelinguisticsintherecenttwodecades,metaphoristreatedasanessentialmeansofthinkingandamoncognitivephenomenonwhichispervasiveandessentialinlanguageandthought.Wherethereislanguage,thereismetaphor.Inessence,metaphorisacognitivetool,bywhichhumanbeingsunderstandtheworldaroundthemselves.Incognitivelinguistics’view,conceptualmetaphorise*periencingandunderstandingonething(concept)intermsofanother.Conceptualmetaphorsaresomethinge*istingdeepinhumanthoughtandaction;whilelinguisticmetaphorsarederivedfrommetaphoricalconcepts.Inotherwords,thedailyusedlinguisticmetaphorsaretherealizationofconceptualmetaphors.Theworkingmechanismofconceptualmetaphoristhemappingfromthesourcedomaintothetargetdomain,whichischaracterizedbybeingsystematic,asymmetric,andsoon.Emotionisnotonlythemostomnipresentandimportante*perienceofhumanbeingsbutalsoavitalsubjectofcognitivelinguistics.Cognitionandemotionareinteractive.Theresearchofemotionisalsoanimportantpartofe*ploringhumancognition.Abstractthoughitwas,emotionisconceptualizedande*pressedinmetaphoricalterms.Metaphorplaysanimportantroleintheconceptualizationofemotions.Romanticloveismonlyregardedasakindofspecialemotionwhichisabstractandhardtodescribe.Withoutmetaphor,lovewouldbenotoriouslydifficulttopindown.Thisthesisisaparativestudyoflovemetaphorsfromthecognitiveperspective.Becauseoftheuniversalityinhuman’sthoughtandbehavior,therearesimilarloveconceptualmetaphorsinbothEnglishandChinese,suchasLOVEISAJOURNEY,LOVEISWARandsoon.However,influencedbyseparateculture,philosophy,religionandmodeofproduction,thetwolanguageshavetheiruniquewaystoconceptualizelove,suchasLOVEISMODITYinEnglishandLOVEISMOONinChinese.Metaphorisnotonlyalinguisticphenomenon,butalsoanessentialmodeofthinkingandbehavior.BasedontheparativestudyoflovemetaphorsinEnglishandChinesefromtheperspectiveofcognitivelinguistics,thisthesisfindsthatlovemetaphorsinthetwolanguagesbearthecharacteristicsofcognitiveuniversalityandculturalrelativity.Atthesametime,thecontemporarytheoryofmetaphorhasbeenwellsupportedbythisthesis.Atlast,theauthorhopesthatitisinstructivetofacilitateinterculturalmunicationandforeignlanguageteaching.【关键词】隐喻概念隐喻认知爱情文化【英文关键词】Metaphorconceptualmetaphorcognitionloveculture【目录】从认知角度看英汉爱情概念隐喻

Abstract

8-9

摘要

10-11

ListofTables

11-12

Chapter1Introduction

12-15

1.1TheSituationoftheMetaphoricalStudy:fromthePasttothePresent

12-13

1.2OutlineoftheThesis

13-15

Chapter2LiteratureReviewofMetaphor

15-32

2.1TraditionalViewsonMetaphor

15-19

2.1.1AristotleandtheparisonTheory

15-16

2.1.2QuintilianandtheSubstitutionTheory

16-17

2.1.3TheInteractionTheory

17-19

2.2TheCognitiveViewofMetaphor

19-29

2.2.1TheCognitiveNatureofMetaphor

19-20

2.2.2TheSourceDomainandtheTargetDomain

20

2.2.3TheWorkingMechanismofConceptualMetaphor

20-21

2.2.4TheE*perientialBasisofMetaphor

21-22

2.2.5ImageSchemas

22-23

2.2.6ClassificationofConceptualMetaphors

23-26

2.2.6.1OrientationalMetaphors

24-25

2.2.6.2OntologicalMetaphors

25

2.2.6.3StructuralMetaphors

25-26

2.2.7ConceptualMetaphorandMetaphoricalE*pressions

26

2.2.8TheFeaturesofMetaphoricalConcepts

26-28

2.2.8.1Systematicity

26-27

2.2.8.2Asymmetry

27-28

2.2.9MetaphorandMetonymy:fromFiguresofSpeechtoConceptualSystems

28-29

2.3MetaphoricalStudiesinChina

29-32

Chapter3ConceptualizationofLoveMetaphorsinbothEnglishandChinese

32-51

3.1Goals,MethodsandDataCollection

33-34

3.2IdenticalLoveMetaphorsinbothEnglishandChinese

34-44

3.2.1LOVEISAUNITY

34-35

3.2.2LOVEIS(AFLUIDIN)ACONTAINER

35-36

3.2.3LOVEISFIRE

36-38

3.2.4LOVEISAJOURNEY

38

3.2.5LOVEISWAR

38-40

3.2.6LOVEISDISEASE

40-41

3.2.7LOVEISPLANT

41-42

3.2.8THEOBJECTOFLOVEIS(APPETIZING)FOOD

42-43

3.2.9THEOBJECTOFLOVEISBEAUTIFUL

43-44

3.3UniqueLoveMetaphorsinEnglish

44-46

3.3.1LOVEISAVALUABLEMODITY(INANECONOMICCHANGE)

44-45

3.3.2THEOBJECTOFLOVEISAVALUABLEOBJECT

45

3.3.3LOVEISANATURALFORCE(FLOOD,WIND,STORM,etc.)

45

3.3.4LOVEISAPHYSICALFORCE(MAGNETIC,CHEMICALGRAVITIONAL,etc.)

45-46

3.4SpecificConceptualLoveMetaphorsinChinese

46-50

3.4.1LOVEISTWOINSEPERABLETHINGS

46-47

3.4